How do we vaccinate against Salmonella, since Salmonella is a bacterium and not a virus? |
- How do we vaccinate against Salmonella, since Salmonella is a bacterium and not a virus?
- Why does light diffract?
- During the first nuclear weapon test in history, how obervers knew what was the safety distance ?
- Why does Saturn's belt always look extremely smooth in pictures?
- What's the definition of a sea?
- The Voyager 2 was successfully contacted from 12 billion miles away. This is cool, partly because it’s 50 years old. But by special relativity, wouldn’t it actually be far “older”?
- Why are these huge archipelagos and splotchy lakes mostly found near the poles, and not near the equator?
- Is ATP Synthase considered a phosphorylase? Do kinases act alone?
- We are told electrons exist in discrete energy shells. does jumping from one energy shell to another correspond to information being transmitted faster than the speed of light? Is the switching instantaneous?
- time from drinking to pass urine ?
- What Chemicals in Soap Kill Covid?
- What happens if we transfect a bacterial plasmid into mamalian cells ?
- does this phenomenon have a name? briefly before sunrise in southern Australia the sky will act like a UV light and cause things to glow
- Why does albinism occur in some animals more than others?
- How long would spaceflight actually take, from the crew's perspective?
- Are there species that have evolved to exclusively prey on other members of their own kind?
- Is there a difference between the individual cells of human children and adults?
- How did ancient hunter-gatherers hunt?
- Does taking medication to treat symptoms stifle immune system effectiveness?
- Where in the world is asthma least prevalent? Why is this so?
- Is aggression considered a positive evolutionary characteristic in animals that rely on predation?
- Does water usage affect rain?
- If you look at a satellite image of the Earth there is a massive desert stretching all the way from eastern Mongolia to the north west African coast. Why?
| How do we vaccinate against Salmonella, since Salmonella is a bacterium and not a virus? Posted: 08 Nov 2020 03:02 AM PST In the UK it is commonly advertised that some food supply chickens are "vaccinated" against Salmonella enterica. Example: https://mmbr.asm.org/content/81/3/e00007-17 My education has only described how viral inoculation works. Not antibacterial inoculation. Could someone explain please? This is especially interesting to me since in the UK the agriculture industry makes quite an issue about how they don't pump the food supply full of antibiotics. Note, a better flair would be Food Science, since it's engineering rather than pure biology. [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 08 Nov 2020 05:12 AM PST I work with microscopes and teach this concept from time to time. I understand the result of diffraction, the evidence that it happens eg single or double slit experiments, but I don't understand the physical basis for this phenomenon. Light is a wave but what does that have to do with it? Please help me learn. [link] [comments]  |
| During the first nuclear weapon test in history, how obervers knew what was the safety distance ? Posted: 08 Nov 2020 04:05 AM PST |
| Why does Saturn's belt always look extremely smooth in pictures? Posted: 07 Nov 2020 05:52 PM PST |
| What's the definition of a sea? Posted: 07 Nov 2020 05:27 PM PST As a Michigander, I'm also curious with another followup question: If the definition for sea was changed from saltwater to either freshwater or saltwater, would the Great Lakes count as seas? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 07 Nov 2020 04:25 AM PST |
| Posted: 07 Nov 2020 10:08 AM PST For example, the islands to the north of Canada, Greenland, Norway, and south-western Chile. (and bonus question: why only on the south west of Chile, and not the south east of Argentina?) Some parts of these archipelagos look like river delta's. Did they use to be river deltas? Does it have something to do with the ice ages? And for the lakes, I mean basically all of Finland and Canada. Are these related to the islands somehow? What is the geological process that's at play here? And also, what happened in the places where we don't see these formations? [link] [comments]  |
| Is ATP Synthase considered a phosphorylase? Do kinases act alone? Posted: 07 Nov 2020 03:39 PM PST Hello! I'm trying to differentiate between the various phosphate-involving enzymes. I think I have this generally straight that phosphotransferases are a class of enzyme involved in phosphorylation. The following distinctions, I believe are generally accepted:
My questions are these:
Thanks in advance! [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 07 Nov 2020 12:09 PM PST |
| time from drinking to pass urine ? Posted: 07 Nov 2020 10:36 AM PST im wondering if i drink some water, how long does it take for 'that' same water to pass out the other end? [link] [comments]  |
| What Chemicals in Soap Kill Covid? Posted: 07 Nov 2020 04:05 PM PST Hello, I've been stressed out the last few days because I have run out of my usual brand of soap (Irish Spring) and was only able to find Ivory at my local store. I've never tried this brand before and it boasts being 'more natural,' which raises red flags in my head about its effectiveness against COVID-19. I remember a pretty robust discussion about bars that were 'non-soap' and while this says soap on it, I'm a little on edge. I was curious if someone could explain to me what ingredients I should look for in a bar of soap to know its effectiveness against COVID. Thank you. [link] [comments]  |
| What happens if we transfect a bacterial plasmid into mamalian cells ? Posted: 07 Nov 2020 12:00 PM PST Hello everyone, This is my first post on this subreddit, sorry for my English. I am currently designing an eukaryotic plasmid for HEK cells. During the process of designing it, a question poped-up in my mind : what happens if I transfect a bacterial plasmid into a mamalian cell ? It probably won't work well since the cellular machinery isn't adapted but I have no clue about what's going to happen (cell death, cancerous cell ?). Do you guys have any idea ? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 07 Nov 2020 03:24 AM PST my friend told me about the discovery that platypus glow under UV light i live in Victoria AUS and mentioned it might have a reason because in the mornings for 20-40 min before sunrise when conditions are right (i think it needs to be overcast) the sky will reflect enough blue but still be dark enough that anything that would glow under UV light (scorpions colored plastic white objects etc) will glow they wanted to know what the name of the phenomenon is cause they believe that does not happen in America and want to read more about it [link] [comments]  |
| Why does albinism occur in some animals more than others? Posted: 07 Nov 2020 11:14 AM PST |
| How long would spaceflight actually take, from the crew's perspective? Posted: 07 Nov 2020 11:55 AM PST I read The Planet of the Apes about a month ago, and I've been wondering if the spaceflight mechanics described in the book would actually work. The ship they're on spends a full year accelerating, and then a full year decelerating, from their perspective. There is a brief window of a few hours or days between these two where the majority of their travel, from their perspective, takes place. The ship is traveling to Betelgeuse, which is 640 light years away from Earth. Obviously the trip from our perspective would take at least that amount of time. My question is, do these flight mechanics work out? From my limited understanding of relativity, it seems correct. Obviously they would need a ton of high-power fuel to accelerate and decelerate for a total of two years, but the main thing I'm wondering about is the timescale from their perspective. I hope I've done a good job explaining what I mean. [link] [comments]  |
| Are there species that have evolved to exclusively prey on other members of their own kind? Posted: 07 Nov 2020 04:21 AM PST |
| Is there a difference between the individual cells of human children and adults? Posted: 07 Nov 2020 02:50 AM PST A person's systems are less developed as a child than as an adult: their immune system is normally weaker, they can't run as fast, and so on. But does the difference go down to the cellular level, or are we able to produce fully developed cells by the time we're born? For example, do the individual red blood cells of a five-year-old have any less capacity to carry oxygen than those of the same person at age 20 (barring factors other than age)? Does this vary by cell type? [link] [comments]  |
| How did ancient hunter-gatherers hunt? Posted: 07 Nov 2020 04:53 AM PST Recently I have been fascinated by hunter-gatherers. As I understood it, when "we" started walking upright and losing most of our hair, we were optimizing to intelligent or endurance hunting. So the hunters would track an animal, until it gets too exhausted and the kill is easy. Lately I read an article on the hypothesis that actually a significantly larger percentage of the hunters were female than we originally thought. So I wonder what we actually know about the hunters? My main curiosity is how they performed the hunt: how long did it take them? Did they bring food and water on their trip somehow? What tools were they using? [link] [comments]  |
| Does taking medication to treat symptoms stifle immune system effectiveness? Posted: 07 Nov 2020 06:15 AM PST In a lot of illnesses that we experience, the symptoms are often tied to the response of our bodies, such as fever, congestion, etc. When taking over the counter medication to treat those symptoms, are we effectively prolonging the actual infection itself? I'm just curious if we would effectively "get over an illness" faster if we left our bodies to take care of everything instead? (Obviously talking about non-serious/seasonal illnesses) [link] [comments]  |
| Where in the world is asthma least prevalent? Why is this so? Posted: 07 Nov 2020 01:57 AM PST |
| Is aggression considered a positive evolutionary characteristic in animals that rely on predation? Posted: 07 Nov 2020 05:39 AM PST Are there any studies available today that compare predatory animal behavior against both the environment and the animal's biomechanical limitations? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 07 Nov 2020 12:02 AM PST During a drought, with high level water restrictions, does it make it less likely to rain? With less water being used on gardens etc., there is less evaporation, how much difference does this make? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 06 Nov 2020 10:36 PM PST What caused this massive continuous desert that stretches thousands of miles over the Earth's surface and covers many different latitudes? [link] [comments]  |
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