AskScience AMA Series: We're NASA experts looking for scientists' input on the next decade of biological and physical science research in space. Ask us anything! | AskScience Blog

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Friday, November 13, 2020

AskScience AMA Series: We're NASA experts looking for scientists' input on the next decade of biological and physical science research in space. Ask us anything!

AskScience AMA Series: We're NASA experts looking for scientists' input on the next decade of biological and physical science research in space. Ask us anything!


AskScience AMA Series: We're NASA experts looking for scientists' input on the next decade of biological and physical science research in space. Ask us anything!

Posted: 13 Nov 2020 04:00 AM PST

We use the unique attributes of spaceflight environments to conduct scientific experiments that cannot be done on Earth. NASA's Biological and Physical Sciences (BPS) program pioneers scientific discovery in and beyond low-Earth orbit to drive advances in science, technology and space exploration. These space experiments expand the frontiers of knowledge, capability and opportunity in space.

This year, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) will begin the process of formulating a community consensus about the most compelling science questions for the decade ahead in each of the BPS disciplines. Known as the Decadal Surveys, the process provides a rare opportunity for scientists and engineers to share their insights and help shape the scientific endeavors of the next decade.

The purpose of this AMA is to answer questions about the work being done by NASA's Biological and Physical Sciences division and to address how researchers can get engaged in the Decadal process, types of past research efforts stemming from the previous survey, the types of research that the BPS division supports, etc.

Panelists:

  • Craig Kundrot, Director, Biological and Physical Sciences Division, Science Mission Directorate, NASA
  • Bradley Carpenter, Program Scientist for Fundamental Physics, Biological and Physical Sciences Division, Science Mission Directorate, NASA
  • Kevin Sato, Program Scientist for Exploration, Biological and Physical Sciences Division, Science Mission Directorate, NASA
  • Fran Chiaramonte, Program Scientist for Physical Sciences, Biological and Physical Sciences Division, Science Mission Directorate, NASA
  • Sharmila Bhattacharya, Program Scientist, Space Biology, Biological and Physical Sciences Division, Science Mission Directorate, NASA

We will be here from 1:30-3:30 pm ET (18:30-20:38 UT), ask us anything!

Username: /u/nasa

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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How are minerals distributed throughout the world, and is it related to tectonics?

Posted: 12 Nov 2020 09:39 PM PST

Is there any correlation between say, the presence of gold or iron and distance to a tectonic plate or fault line? Do different types of plates/faults do different things, or is it all completely independent of tectonics? If it's independent of tectonics, what does determine the distribution of metal veins?

submitted by /u/etcNetcat
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Why do we don't become immune to common cold?

Posted: 13 Nov 2020 02:10 AM PST

Does Horseshoe Crab Blue-Blood used in Medicine contain allergens of Shellfish for those with allergies?

Posted: 12 Nov 2020 06:24 PM PST

Hi everyone,

I came across a post about Horseshoe Crabs and how we leverage their blood (limulus amebocyte lysate) for use in the medicine field.

I have an extremely severe shellfish allergy - would I be allergic to those amebocyte's that are separated when used in FDA testing?

I am not sure if they are present in the actual administered injections, but I was wondering.

submitted by /u/espressoinmybutt
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What makes you feel sleepy?

Posted: 12 Nov 2020 05:42 PM PST

So we just learned a lesson on human sleep and I've still got some questions that hadn't been answered. What makes you sleepy at night caffeine or adenosine? I look it up and couldn't understand

submitted by /u/ACookieCup
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How do space telescopes stay still?

Posted: 13 Nov 2020 01:06 AM PST

I just read the news about the new Ariel space telescope that's been given the green light and it struck me that they would need to be very still to get a good resolution. (Link here on the Airel green light).

In a vacuum, how does a space telescope stay perfectly still and aimed on it's target in all axis's of movement and rotation?

I imagine the tolerances needed for a high resolution image on something millions of miles away must be tiny. A fraction of a millimeter at the telescope must account for a very large difference down range. How do they achieve this?

submitted by /u/hobsondm01
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How does water traveling up a dry rag not break the laws of thermodynamics?

Posted: 12 Nov 2020 11:29 PM PST

When you dip a rag in water, how can the entire rag become soaked over time despite fighting gravity? Where does the energy come from to allow the water to travel up the rag?

submitted by /u/BubblesAndSuch
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Inorganic compound also has carbon. So how can we differentiate between organic and inorganic compound as both contain carbon?

Posted: 13 Nov 2020 03:40 AM PST

What's the difference between radio frequency and electricty besides frequency?

Posted: 12 Nov 2020 06:55 PM PST

Now I'd assume rf is more similar to dc electricity, however what is the difference besides frequency? They're both just an electromagnetic wave and no one has seemed to be able to give me a satisfiable answer. Thanks!

submitted by /u/Elesd3nEctasy
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What "piece" is 5 nanometers in a 5nm semiconductor?

Posted: 12 Nov 2020 01:14 PM PST

With Apple's new A14 chip, there was a lot of mention of the 5nm process - so what exactly does that mean? Is it the size of each transistor? At that size, are engineers basically just moving individual silicon atoms?

submitted by /u/FiftyCal14
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If the international space station was not orbiting earth and just stood still as if it were held up on a pole or something - so it wouldn’t crash to earth, what amount of gravity would the occupants feel?

Posted: 12 Nov 2020 07:46 AM PST

I'm wondering about how much the gravity decreases at the height of the ISS.

submitted by /u/zeroart101
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How does CO2 trap more heat?

Posted: 12 Nov 2020 01:25 PM PST

So I just looked up some specific heat capacities. CO2 is 0.846 kJ/kg at 300 kelvin while air is 0.718. The general understanding of global warming is that CO2 traps more heat causing global warming. Can you explain how this relates to specific heat capacity? it seems that CO2 requires more energy than air to heat up one degree. So how does CO2 'trap more heat'?

submitted by /u/ifritftw
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Shouldn't we develop multiple CoVid19 vaccines that each approach the problem differently?

Posted: 12 Nov 2020 02:45 PM PST

This morning I was listening to The Daily podcast by the NYTimes. They had on Carl Zimmer who I've always enjoyed, and he was describing the Covid vaccine from Pfizer. Zimmer said that the Pfizer vaccine is targeting a specific part of the Corona virus. I think he called it the "spike." He also said the other vaccines are taking the same approach. Given the crazy, 95% efficacy of the vaccine, I totally get why the other drug makers would follow this model, but my question is, shouldn't we also have vaccines that take a different approach? I mean, as a contingency?

I'm sure I'm not understanding the vaccine, so I welcome and appreciate some basic explanations!

Thanks!

submitted by /u/IQLTD
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Why do certain types of arthritis cause joints to get visibly bulbous over time?

Posted: 12 Nov 2020 09:07 AM PST

Does a bee/wasp hive notice when one of its members go missing?

Posted: 12 Nov 2020 07:00 AM PST

Saw a bird snatch a wasp out of the air and wondered whether the peeps back at the nest'll be like "...hey where's Joe?"

submitted by /u/ngserdna
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How do rovers navigate on Mars?

Posted: 12 Nov 2020 10:49 AM PST

Mars has no magnetic field, so magnetic compasses don't work there. It also has no GPS-style satellite network. Presumably scientists would like to know where their rovers are and where they're going, so how do the rovers navigate?

submitted by /u/SciviasKnows
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Can a transplanted organ be retransplanted into another patient?

Posted: 12 Nov 2020 11:46 AM PST

As an example, let's say a successful heart transplant, in which the patient goes on to live for many more years, and then dies of unrelated causes, could the heart then be transplanted again into another patient?

Has anything like this ever been done?

submitted by /u/HotDogManRidesAgain
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How are the positions and headings of celestial bodies recorded/cataloged?

Posted: 12 Nov 2020 12:11 PM PST

Presumably the orbits of our solar system's planets, moons, asteroids, satellites and whatnots are pretty well-known and are recorded in some sort of database. What sort of format are those things usually stored in? Is it like an XYZ thing plus some sort of heading? My understanding is that accurately calculating the future locations of space stuff is non-trivial because of the three-body problem, so how do professionals handle it for day to day "needing to know where Mars is gonna be in a few years" work?

I'm also curious about stars. Presumably there're big database of known stars and their positions somewhere. What sort of coordinates do they use to describe them? Is there some sort of galactic XYZ system? Can I download a free copy of "all the stars we know about and their positions" somewhere?

submitted by /u/captainAwesomePants
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How does the endoplamic reticulum ‘modify’ the proteins?

Posted: 12 Nov 2020 07:58 AM PST

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