AskScience AMA Series: I am Dr. Kimberley Miner, here on how deep-frozen arctic microbes are waking up. Ask me anything! | AskScience Blog

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Wednesday, November 25, 2020

AskScience AMA Series: I am Dr. Kimberley Miner, here on how deep-frozen arctic microbes are waking up. Ask me anything!

AskScience AMA Series: I am Dr. Kimberley Miner, here on how deep-frozen arctic microbes are waking up. Ask me anything!


AskScience AMA Series: I am Dr. Kimberley Miner, here on how deep-frozen arctic microbes are waking up. Ask me anything!

Posted: 25 Nov 2020 04:00 AM PST

In the last 10 years, the poles have been warming four times faster than the rest of the globe. This has led to permafrost thawing, which has big implications since permafrost currently covers 24% of the earth's landmass. Many of these permafrost layers contain ancient microbes that haven't seen warm air in hundreds or even thousands of years. This leads scientists to wonder what microbes will "wake up"? And what will happen when they do?

I'm Dr. Kimberley Miner and I study how the changing climate impacts the most extreme environments in the world. My research explores the risks of climate change from more fires to hurricanes to flooding. But I also research microbes, which is an important area of climate change risk we rarely discuss. I co-authored this recent piece in Scientific American called, "Deep Frozen Microbes are Waking Up."

Ask me anything about deep-frozen microbes that are thawing, other climate risks, or about what it's like to travel to the most extreme parts of the earth for science! I'll be here to answer questions starting at 12 noon ET.

Username: u/Playful-Raccoon1285

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According to studies alcohol shrinks the brain but alcohol does not in fact kill brain cells. So how does the brain shrink from alcohol?

Posted: 25 Nov 2020 03:28 AM PST

Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Posted: 25 Nov 2020 07:00 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away!

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Is the current spike in Covid-19 infections globally increasing the likelihood of mutation and vaccine being rendered less effective?

Posted: 25 Nov 2020 01:53 AM PST

It would seem, with the amount of cases, the proliferation of mutations of the virus would be very large. If that is the case, what are the odds that those mutations would change the virus enough to lower the efficacy of the proposed vaccinations?

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Who discovered the isotope hydrogen-4?

Posted: 24 Nov 2020 09:48 PM PST

I just want to know who discovered it.

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If you were able to get a vile of AZD1222 would you be able to make your own at home?

Posted: 25 Nov 2020 03:36 AM PST

What would happen to an mRNA vaccine stored too hot?

Posted: 25 Nov 2020 02:37 AM PST

As I understand it, all mRNA vaccine (including candidates against covid-19) need to be stored at low temperatures, due to the innate instability of mRNA molecules. What would happen if someone were injected with an mRNA vaccine that has been stored at an incorrect or too high temperature? Would it simply not work, or could there be adverse effects? Would the mRNA sequence break and be useless, or could mutations occur, and cause the ribosomes to create unpredictable proteins?

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Why do antibodies of some viruses (eg, retroviruses) fail to produce sterilizing immunity?

Posted: 24 Nov 2020 03:44 PM PST

I was reading this paper about immune responses to SARS-CoV-2: https://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/early/2020/09/03/jimmunol.2000839.full.pdf

...when it occurred to me: why do humans continue to shed some viruses (eg, HIV) years after an immune response is detectable?

What are the specific mechanisms which account for this difference?

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How does the anesthesiologist know how much medicine is needed?

Posted: 24 Nov 2020 02:00 PM PST

I always wondered how the doctors know how much anesthesia is enough for the time span of a surgery. Do they calculate it or do they just give some and have a medicine to wake up the patient?

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Do vaccine responses tell us anything about immune system health?

Posted: 24 Nov 2020 11:58 AM PST

I was looking for literature but couldn't find anything readily available.

Are side effects for something like a flu vaccine more frequent in people that are immunocompromised or say, the elderly population?

Alternatively, if a person received a flu vaccine and didn't experience an increase in RHR, BBT, respiratory rate or otherwise, can it be an indicator of the vaccine efficacy or immune health?

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When you rub something onto your skin and it disappears, what exactly happened? are we watching our skin cells absorb it "no questions asked" right before our eyes? [[Biology]]

Posted: 23 Nov 2020 10:18 PM PST

Not sure to flag physics as well? Maybe medical? A more fulfilling answer would probably be more interdisciplinary

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When a brain tumor is removed, do the surgeons put something in its place to fill the empty space? Or does it just leave a hollow spot in your skull? Does your brain fill the space in over time? Do you have to be worried about your brain sloshing around more?

Posted: 23 Nov 2020 04:59 PM PST

Why is it so rare to find a complete dinosaur skeleton? How would the bones move to a different location so the skeleton is not complete?

Posted: 23 Nov 2020 09:48 PM PST

How many black people have been in the Covid vaccine trials?

Posted: 24 Nov 2020 05:56 PM PST

Is there a way to know this?

Considering how often black people are ignored or dismissed when it comes to healthcare, and with black people also likely to be put first in line to accept the vaccine due to overindexing as essential workers, I think this is an important distinction to understand.

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Physiologically, how does alcohol overconsumption kill a person?

Posted: 23 Nov 2020 09:50 PM PST

What is it about alcohol that is actually lethal, and how does it kill you? Most search results describe things like vomiting, but that seems to be a symptom and not what is killing you.

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Is it possible for a tectonic plate to crack into two?

Posted: 23 Nov 2020 04:26 PM PST

I got bored and was looking at plate tectonic map on Google. I noticed the tip of africa was sandwiched between plates. I wondered if a situation was to occured that caused that piece to snap off

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Before antibiotics were discovered how did the mainstream medical community deal with and treat infections and etc.?

Posted: 23 Nov 2020 09:27 PM PST

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