How did viruses come to exist in the first place? How likely is it that they would exist on other planets with forms of life? |
- How did viruses come to exist in the first place? How likely is it that they would exist on other planets with forms of life?
- How can we tell, that the solar Neutrinos are actually coming from the sun and not just from Reactors on earth?
- Was the development of life on Earth a one-time event?
- In hunter-gatherer societies, were gender roles really as rigid as they are taught in textbooks and depicted in pop culture?
- How can we say there is one speed of sound for a given medium at a given temperature? If you yell louder, wouldn’t you push air molecules faster and give them a higher kinetic energy?
- How is the Pfizer coronavirus vaccine manufactured?
- Is the barycenter of the Sun and Jupiter also the center of their mutual orbit?
- Does acceleration in special relativity depend on the frame of reference?
- Where did Africans who've never had Ebola get their Ebola antibodies?
- How does fluid move around in really tiny animals like ants?
- Can Long-Term-Potentiation be artificially induced by eclectically stimulating neurons?
- Does gene expression of an mRNA vaccine last for the rest of the vaccinated subject's life?
- The Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine has to be kept at a temperature of -70C (-95F). How will it be kept so cold?
- Could Proxima Centauri technically be considered a planet?
| Posted: 14 Nov 2020 04:44 AM PST |
| Posted: 13 Nov 2020 12:20 PM PST |
| Was the development of life on Earth a one-time event? Posted: 14 Nov 2020 06:54 AM PST If life first developed from some sort of primordial soup approximately 5 billion years ago, how do we know that these types of conditions don't exist all over the place (here on Earth), for example in thermal vents in the ocean, or tidepools, and are creating new life all the time, or even occasionally? Was the jump from non-life to life on earth a one time single event, or does it happen all the time, or somewhere in between? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 14 Nov 2020 05:46 AM PST In other words, is there evidence that women were hunters too, or did the fact that women are inherently weaker result in women staying out of hunts and focusing more on gathering and child minding? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 14 Nov 2020 06:29 AM PST |
| How is the Pfizer coronavirus vaccine manufactured? Posted: 13 Nov 2020 03:21 PM PST My picture of how vaccines are made is like this:
I've read that the Pfizer vaccine is an "mRNA vaccine". Does that mean you basically do the same process, but the "damage the virus" part is "dissolve the whole virus shell so there's naked mRNA floating around?" Or can you can type a bunch of A, C, G, and T into a text file on your computer, upload the text file to some nifty machine, and out pops whatever mRNA sequence you want? If so, how does the machine work internally? I'm struggling to understand if the manufacturing process is more of a biological farming process, "grow some organisms, process and harvest them in a certain way" or more of a mechanical chemical process, "put these twelve chemicals together in this sequence, following these instructions for pH, pressure, temperature, stirring, etc." And where potential bottlenecks might be -- for a farming process you have to wait for living things to grow and reproduce, for a chemical process you're more constrained by processing machines and starting chemicals. With a chemical process it seems like people have probably been making those machines and ingredients for other purposes for decades, so some of them might be divertable from other industries or projects? But nobody's been raising hordes of COVID germs for the last 10 years, so the farming approach would be harder to accelerate? [link] [comments]  |
| Is the barycenter of the Sun and Jupiter also the center of their mutual orbit? Posted: 13 Nov 2020 03:43 PM PST I know that the calculated barycenter of the Jupiter and the Sun places it just outside the Sun's surface. The calculation I've seen is just a mass x distance calculation and is exactly the same one that we use to balance an aircraft (find the CG). All the points on an aircraft are rigidly connected and so gravitational attraction of the various parts to each other, even it was substantial, doesn't change the center of mass. That's not true of the Sun and Jupiter in a mutual orbit. They are not rigidly connected together and their mutual gravitation attraction attenuates substantially with distance. Wouldn't this mean the center of mutual orbit would not be the same as the calculated barycenter? [link] [comments]  |
| Does acceleration in special relativity depend on the frame of reference? Posted: 14 Nov 2020 01:34 AM PST Imagine I am at rest relative to an object A, and there's an object B moving with constant velocity relative to us. I then apply a force on the object A, causing it to accelerate. According to object B, object A is moving, so it has more mass, and therefore has a smaller acceleration than what I measured. Is that correct, or is there something I'm missing? [link] [comments]  |
| Where did Africans who've never had Ebola get their Ebola antibodies? Posted: 13 Nov 2020 09:04 PM PST Six years ago during the West African Ebola outbreak, The New York Times reported:
In the process of containing the epidemic and developing the vaccine, was the source of these antibodies discovered? [link] [comments]  |
| How does fluid move around in really tiny animals like ants? Posted: 13 Nov 2020 07:31 AM PST When a tiny ant drinks some water/juice, is it controlled through its body like water would be through a human (muscle contract in esophagus to move stuff along? Or is it on the scale where there's capillary action somewhere like trees? [link] [comments]  |
| Can Long-Term-Potentiation be artificially induced by eclectically stimulating neurons? Posted: 13 Nov 2020 05:47 PM PST |
| Does gene expression of an mRNA vaccine last for the rest of the vaccinated subject's life? Posted: 13 Nov 2020 08:29 AM PST I read about the Pfizer vaccine and I discovered that it's a mRNA vaccine, which has not yet been approved for humans. I have very little knowledge of animal biology, but I know that gene expression is mostly an "unmanaged" process, and it just goes on as long as there is material to do it. I understand that mRNA gene expression happens outside the nucleus, so it won't become part of the hosts genetic code. But I don't understand what prevents the mRNA from being passed from a dead cell to a living cell, continuing the gene expression as long as there are live cells that the mRNA can enter. Also, wikipedia mentions that there is very little knowledge about dangerous immune responses to this kind of vaccine, e.g. in people with existing autoimmune disorders. I am sceptical about this vaccine and the implications of gene therapy ("can I get vaccinated to become stronger/weaker/smarter/dumber/cure from cancer/get cancer?"), plus I have Psoriasis so I might be vulnerable to possible adverse effects. [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 13 Nov 2020 09:40 AM PST |
| Could Proxima Centauri technically be considered a planet? Posted: 13 Nov 2020 07:48 AM PST Technically speaking, it should fit all three requirements. First, it orbits a star (Or stars plural in this case). Second, its big enough to be spherical, and finally, being a star, it likely has cleared its orbit. So as long as its orbit is clear of the majority of objects, it could technically be a planet. Like, there's no rules saying that a planet can't be a star. Additionally, a barycenter wouldn't matter as the barycenter between Jupiter and the Sun is outside of the sun's surface so one could make the argument that the sun is a binary. sS could it, and other small stars like it be considered planets? [link] [comments]  |
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