How stable is the human oral microbiome against disruptions like mouthwash? If I use alcohol mouthwash will my mouth microbiome be back to the same amount and species ratio by my next meal? Several meals? Or never quite the same again? | AskScience Blog

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Wednesday, December 16, 2020

How stable is the human oral microbiome against disruptions like mouthwash? If I use alcohol mouthwash will my mouth microbiome be back to the same amount and species ratio by my next meal? Several meals? Or never quite the same again?

How stable is the human oral microbiome against disruptions like mouthwash? If I use alcohol mouthwash will my mouth microbiome be back to the same amount and species ratio by my next meal? Several meals? Or never quite the same again?


How stable is the human oral microbiome against disruptions like mouthwash? If I use alcohol mouthwash will my mouth microbiome be back to the same amount and species ratio by my next meal? Several meals? Or never quite the same again?

Posted: 15 Dec 2020 04:08 PM PST

AskScience AMA Series: Hunting aliens is a serious business. My name is Simon Steel, and I'm an astrophysicist and Director of Education and Outreach at the SETI Institute, where alien hunting, whether microscopic bugs or macroscopic megastructures, is our bread and butter. Hungry for answers? AMA!

Posted: 16 Dec 2020 04:00 AM PST

As an observational astronomer, my research focused on star formation and galaxy evolution. As an educator with over 25 years' experience, I am a qualified high school teacher, have held lectureships at Harvard University, University College London and University College Dublin, and am an eight-time recipient of Harvard's Certificate of Distinction in Teaching award for undergraduate education. My experience spans formal and informal education, teacher training, exhibit design and multimedia product development. I have an interest in special needs audiences, and co-wrote, for NASA and the Chandra X-Ray Center, the first Braille book on multiwavelength astrophysics: Touch the Invisible Sky.

I'll be answering questions at 10 am PST (1 PM ET, 18 UT), AMA!

Links:

Username: /u/setiinstitute

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Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 16 Dec 2020 07:00 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away!

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Does COVID 19 disproportionately cause long term symptoms, or is it the global shift in the scientific community’s attention towards a virus’s effects that we are acutely aware of these long term symptoms in COVID and long term consequences of viral infection are more common than originally thought?

Posted: 15 Dec 2020 09:01 PM PST

Theoretically, when a rocket nozzle exhausts to a vacuum, the exhaust gases are expanded to Mach infinity. In reality, what velocity do they reach? Do the particles continue at this velocity infinitely? Does the velocity change once they leave the exhaust and Mach number is no longer defined?

Posted: 16 Dec 2020 04:51 AM PST

How does docking something to ISS doesn't change its trajectory? Shouldn't the momentum from docking space craft "move" to ISS?

Posted: 16 Dec 2020 01:37 AM PST

I'm not a flat earther, just curious.

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Why do metals interfere with lower frequency (VHF) radio transmissions moreso than higher frequency (UHF) transmissions?

Posted: 16 Dec 2020 05:55 AM PST

To visualize photons riding transverse waves (the transmission) through a dense field of particles (the metal), and given a common amplitude and rate of propagation, makes it seem VHF transmissions would have fewer chances of intersecting a scattering particle (proton/neutron/electron) than UHF. So, why do UHF transmissions penetrate metals better than VHF? Does it have something to do with their higher energy imparting something analogous to inertia that makes them fundamentally harder to deflect?

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Will getting a COVID vaccine result in having positive antibody tests? If so, how will we be able to know whether we were infected with COVID or not?

Posted: 15 Dec 2020 05:11 PM PST

If the Covid-19 vaccine has to be stored at -80F, when they administer it is it also at -80F?

Posted: 15 Dec 2020 04:03 PM PST

I can't find the answer online. Getting a shot of anything that cold is a chilling thought.

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If E=MC^2 and we've converted mass into energy, have scientists turned energy into mass yet?

Posted: 15 Dec 2020 10:05 AM PST

What was Pfizer's actual role in developing the Covid vaccine?

Posted: 15 Dec 2020 11:18 AM PST

Despite the fact everyone is calling it the "Pfizer" vaccine, it seems to me this vaccine was developed in Germany by a company called BioNTech. And Pfizer has licensed it and has a contract to distribute it in the US through its logistics channel.

I think most laymen imagine scientists in Pfizer lab coats working on a Covid vaccine. Did this ever really happen?

I ask because someone I trust told me "One thing I agree with Donald Trump on is the Pfizer vaccine should go to Americans first" but I see on the news planeloads of it arriving from Germany. We're not producing it here, it wasn't invented here, how the hell could we enforce that even if we wanted to?

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Does light affect our organs?

Posted: 15 Dec 2020 11:28 AM PST

Since our organs are always in the dark, presumably one of the only circumstances they get exposed to light is during some sort of surgery. Does this sudden exposure to light have any effect on our insides?

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How do microwaves deal with emptiness?

Posted: 15 Dec 2020 12:21 PM PST

What happens to the microwaves produced inside an empty microwave that's run by accident? Do they just bounce around in the oven and exit when it is open or do they get reabsorbed by the microwave itself? I ran a microwave for one minute with an empty cup in it by accident. Did I get blasted by microwaves when I opened the door?

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How long do SARS-CoV-2 RNA based vaccines express the spike protein?

Posted: 15 Dec 2020 01:12 PM PST

So if i understood correctly, the Pfizer vaccine inserts the mRNA into the muscle cells of the host. They then translate it into the spike protein, and the mRNA degrades. How exactly does the degradation occur and have biopsy studies been performed to assess how long the protein expression lasts?

thanks

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Why is the equation E=MC^2 so revolutionary when we knew E=mv^2?

Posted: 16 Dec 2020 12:36 AM PST

In classic mechanics we knew that E ∝ mv2

Replace v with c and you have Einstein's equation

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Is there a predictor for who will not benefit from the COVID vaccine?

Posted: 15 Dec 2020 11:51 PM PST

Is there any way to test to find out the common traits of people who didn't respond to the COVID (or another) vaccine? Is it possible to predict who would not be among the 95% for whom the vaccine will be effective?

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Does Curcumin in Turmeric have health benefits or not?

Posted: 15 Dec 2020 04:37 PM PST

From Wikipedia: "Turmeric and curcumin have been studied in numerous clinical trials for various human diseases and conditions, with no high-quality evidence of any anti-disease effect or health benefit.[8][9][40][41] There is no scientific evidence that curcumin reduces inflammation, as of 2020.[8][9]"

From this article: "Turmeric's clearest benefit is that "it is profoundly anti-inflammatory," says [Shawn Talbott, a biochemist, fellow at the American College of Sports Medicine], thanks to curcumin, a natural polyphenol that also gives the powder its bright yellow hue. The body of research on turmeric is fairly deep, with several large-scale studies, and turmeric may have more benefits than researchers yet realize—early results from one small study in the UK showed a potential for turmeric to change gene expression in a way that might help fight cancer."

The wikipedia article seems to be better sourced (one of the links in the latter article is dead, the other leads to a single small experiment).

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Where do the COVID-19 tests swabs go?

Posted: 15 Dec 2020 09:57 PM PST

After being tested for COVID-19 where/who do the testing swabs go to? how do determine if you're positive or negative?

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What exactly is crossing over?

Posted: 15 Dec 2020 03:59 PM PST

I am trying to understand homologous recombination. At the end of this short video it shows two possible products of homologous recombination, one with cross over and one without. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wT5JwMaLv90) I'm still trying to get a grasp on what's happening. In both examples, it looks like the strands have swapped some part of them. What is the difference?

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Does Galaxy Collision usually also mean there will be a Merger of Black Holes?

Posted: 15 Dec 2020 12:13 PM PST

When in a few billion years the Milky Way merges with the Andromeda Galaxy, how likely do you think is it that there will also be a merger of supermassive black holes around that time? And if it happened, what would that mean for life around (given, there is any at that time)?

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Does lower thermostat temperature really save?

Posted: 15 Dec 2020 09:20 AM PST

So I and everyone else has been told that keeping your house at lower temps during the winter and higher temps during the summer saves you money. But I wonder if that is even true. If it is 20F outside wouldn't my house use the same amount of energy trying to maintain a cool 65F or a warm 72F. Do hotter objects get colder faster is basically what I am asking.

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Aerodynamic Lift - Isn't it more about angle of attack than the shape of the airfoil?

Posted: 15 Dec 2020 12:28 PM PST

For instance, symmetrical wings fly just fine, and our hands aren't really airfoil-ish when sticking them out the window of a moving car, but you tilt it up, it goes up, down it goes down.

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How will we test whether COVID-19 vaccines are effective against transmission?

Posted: 15 Dec 2020 08:44 AM PST

I keep hearing about how the vaccines are 95% or so effective against subjects developing symptoms, but that it is yet unknown how effective they are in preventing transmission.

Is there a way to measure whether someone is a carrier after they've gotten the vaccine? I figure an antibody test would not work since from my limited understanding, the point of the vaccine is to produce antibodies.

Or are we just waiting on some aggregate statistics from people who were not vaccinated?

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Why does a hydrogen bomb cause a massive explosion but a meltdown at a hypothetical nuclear fusion plant wouldn’t?

Posted: 15 Dec 2020 09:25 AM PST

A hydrogen bomb used nuclear fusion to create a massive explosion.

I am very interested in the possibility of using nuclear fusion in the future as a sustainable energy source, and I have heard that it is not possible for an explosion or meltdown to happen at a fusion plant. Is that true? And if it is, what makes it different from what happens inside a hydrogen bomb?

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