How do scientists studying antimatter MAKE the antimatter they study if all their tools are composed of regular matter? | AskScience Blog

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Wednesday, January 17, 2018

How do scientists studying antimatter MAKE the antimatter they study if all their tools are composed of regular matter?

How do scientists studying antimatter MAKE the antimatter they study if all their tools are composed of regular matter?


How do scientists studying antimatter MAKE the antimatter they study if all their tools are composed of regular matter?

Posted: 16 Jan 2018 05:24 PM PST

If 2 black holes were close enough that their event horizons were overlapping, could things in that overlapped region escape those black holes?

Posted: 16 Jan 2018 09:07 AM PST

When I first thought of this, I was imagining 2 black holes of the same size with their event horizon's overlapping. I was also thinking that for the sake of theory, it would be good to imagine that both black holes were pinned in place.

submitted by /u/jkg1993
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 07:07 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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When measuring the energy of a lightning bolt, or any electrical discharge, is the energy of the bolt uniform through out it, or does the energy decrease as the bolt travels to its "target"?

Posted: 16 Jan 2018 05:22 PM PST

edit: i should've added that the energy decrease would be due to energy dissipation to matter around it.

submitted by /u/wazabee
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Electron diffraction - how did they know that graphite had the atom spacing of the wavelength of an electron if they didn't know the wavelength of an electron before doing the experiment?

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 04:11 AM PST

In the electron diffraction experiment, electrons were passed through a graphite crystal (the atom spacing was similar to the wavelength of the electrons) to prove that electrons produced a diffraction pattern and so also existed as waves. So how did they know that graphite had the atom spacing of the wavelength of an electron if they didn't know the wavelength of an electron before doing the experiment. Trial and error?

submitted by /u/bedroomcylinder
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How did Scott and Amundsen KNOW when they reached the south pole (100 years ago)?

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 06:12 AM PST

I am wondering about the precision of their navigational instruments close to the actual south pole. A compass will be very inaccurate close to the magnetic pole, and I have no real feel for the accuracy of a sextant when the sun is so low above the horizon. It would also require accurate clocks to get the correct local noon (tricky in extreme cold). They did go due south once they left the Ross Ice shelf, but my question is about accuracy.

I am a bit surprised that Scott and Amundsen got to the same spot and called it the pole - can someone discuss the navigational tools and their limitations that were available to them?

submitted by /u/Greebo24
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Why do some candle flames burn "taller" than others?

Posted: 16 Jan 2018 07:10 PM PST

I was lighting several candles recently and noticed that each gave a remarkably different flame size, despite each candle sharing a similarly-sized wick. Some of the flames weren't very tall and were more round, whereas others were long and slender.

I've always wondered about this, so I'm hoping the candle-lovers can satisfy my curiosity.

submitted by /u/bio_boi
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Why does overwatering a plant, kill it? (Wither away)

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 03:30 AM PST

When you take a photo of a computer monitor, TV, etc. Why do you get the weird warped screen door effect?

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 05:08 AM PST

Why does cold hurt?

Posted: 16 Jan 2018 08:57 AM PST

I understand why hot hurts because it is actually damaging the skin, but what makes it so when I get in my car in the morning, the cold of the seat is cold enough to hurt?

submitted by /u/InfallibleTheory
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Since matter and antimatter react the same way to light, how can we tell that distant galaxies are made of matter (instead of antimatter)?

Posted: 16 Jan 2018 11:17 PM PST

We have no interaction with distant galaxies and some of them are isolated to the point that they don't interacy with anything around them (correct me if I'm wrong). So how can we tell what they are made of?

submitted by /u/teoreds
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What determines the critical temperature of a superconductor?

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 12:23 AM PST

Does antimatter follow the exclusion principle?

Posted: 16 Jan 2018 07:38 AM PST

If a nuclear bomb uses under 100 pounds of radioactive material, how is such a large area contaminated after the reaction?

Posted: 16 Jan 2018 08:29 AM PST

Do all neutrons have the same mass?

Posted: 16 Jan 2018 05:47 PM PST

In chemistry today there was an example there was an example of a magnesium atom and 2 other isotopes, but the math didn't make sense because the only change should have been in neutrons adding roughly one more AMU but the change was different, from magnesium-24 to magnesium-25 was 1.0008 AMU and from magnesium-25 to magnesium-26 was about .9967 AMU. What can explain the difference?

submitted by /u/callmemateo
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What would the result be of 2 identical AIs played chess?

Posted: 16 Jan 2018 07:49 PM PST

Are Coulomb's Law and the Law of Universal Gravitation related?

Posted: 16 Jan 2018 08:12 PM PST

The laws look very similar, although this might be my error. One is k(q1)(q2)/r2 The other is g(m1)(m2)/r2 Is this merely a coincedence, or were they derived similarly, or what?

submitted by /u/AnInnocentCivilian
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Inspired by my town's massive condo boom... What is the lifespan of current skyscrapers and tall condos, and what will need to happen when they finally get too old?

Posted: 16 Jan 2018 06:13 AM PST

Say I make a "Neutron Oven" using Polonium-210 and Beryllium-9; would all the isotopes change at the same time or would I end up with some atoms picking up 1 Neutron and another picking up 15?

Posted: 17 Jan 2018 02:56 AM PST

This is a complex question I realize. I just question how companies can manufacture 99% pure isotopes of metals and other elements.

My goal is to add a Neutron (or 5 more won't hurt) to an element which would ideally result in a decay that would leave me with a more favorable material that I would want to apply the same process with.

Or, if that's impossible, is there a good way to separate isotopes? Say I had Tungsten-184. I try to add a single neutron across a powdered board as best I can so that in 75 days it would result in a daughter isotope of Rhenium-185. But something tells me it wouldn't be that easy. Would I just end up with an impure mix of Rhenium-185, Tungsten-186 and Rhenium-187 -> 190. Rhenium 185 and 187 are stable, but the others would result in Osmium which isn't necessarily a bad end product.

I considered magnetism but all similar metals all have similar magnetism. One thing that would change is that they would all have different weights. If they haven't quickly decayed and left a daughter isotope (and would the decay process screw with other nearby isotopes?). Say I have a strong neodynium magnet capable of 255 lb of force, applied to a container of mixed isotopes/or product of should surely seperate them over time. Heaviest on the bottom, lightest on the top.

I'm a little bit of a noob when it comes to quantum mechanics. Maybe some professionals can help me understand a little bit better or point me in the right direction. Thank you.

submitted by /u/Rays-of-Sunshine
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Is there an equivalent phenomena for blackbody emission/absorption but for sound/vibration?

Posted: 16 Jan 2018 10:16 AM PST

I know of blackbody radiation, a heated object (with certain specificities) emits a continuous spectrum of light due to the fluctuating particles that composes the object due to thermal agitation. Demonstration: heat a metal hot enough and it will shine in red or even all optical colors.

Is there an equivalent for sound? Where a metal vibrates into all it possible sound frequencies due to thermal agitation? Can you heat a metal so it makes audible noise? If this doesn't happen then why is that? Edit: my question does not concern the inside of the solid, consider a box with a hole, does heating (or cooling) generate audible sound transmitted trough air? Edit2: I realized I just described a teapot, so forget the hole in the box for the sake of the argument

Update: it seems like the solutions comes with the idea that gases do not have phonons

submitted by /u/MaoGo
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What is enthalpy?

Posted: 16 Jan 2018 11:57 AM PST

And can we measure it directly ?

submitted by /u/1las
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Are emission and absorbtion of a material always symmetrical?

Posted: 16 Jan 2018 07:15 PM PST

As a motivating case, does the fact that a shiny aluminum cooking sheet reflects IR (low absorbtion) necessarily imply that it has low emissivity as well, or is that a coincidence? It sounds like any asymmetry might be a one-way thermal valve, which sounds like Maxwell's demon. But from Wikipedia on absorbtion spectra: "Emission can occur at any frequency at which absorption can occur, [but] emission spectrum will typically have a quite different intensity pattern from the absorption spectrum [...]." On the other hand irinfo.org has an article which I think implies metallic surfaces do emit and absorb the same amounts and at the same wavelengths.

submitted by /u/markfickett
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