How do surgeons avoid air bubbles in the bloodstreams after an organ transplant? | AskScience Blog

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Friday, January 19, 2018

How do surgeons avoid air bubbles in the bloodstreams after an organ transplant?

How do surgeons avoid air bubbles in the bloodstreams after an organ transplant?


How do surgeons avoid air bubbles in the bloodstreams after an organ transplant?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 10:53 AM PST

What was the diet of early man before the discovery of fire and how soon after did man start "cooking"?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 09:43 PM PST

Why is the Liver one of the only organs that grows back when most of it is removed?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 04:45 AM PST

Does spacetime stretch, or does it bend?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 08:59 PM PST

Spacetime is not static, and as it curves, numerous non-euclidean geometries can and do occur, such as the black hole, where, once inside, there simply is no outside.

My question is: What exactly is this curvature?

I've seen numerous models portray the curvature as 3rd dimensional curvature in a 2D plane, or, in other words, a gravity well, and, having begun to contemplate higher dimensions on an alarmingly frequent basis, I simply extrapolated to gravity being (n+1)th dimensional curvature of n dimensional space, which, on our 3D space, combined with time, gives us 5 total dimensions (which I believe is hinted at in interstellar, as the Gargantua scene features a 5D tessaract).

However, I have heard that this is not the case, that instead, gravity is n dimensional stretching of n dimensional space, lacking any intrusion into dimension (n+1).

As the latter option seems less curvy than the first, and as it is far less intuitive than mere higher dimensional curvature (and, IMO, fails to account for black holes and wormholes), I prefer to think of gravity as higher dimensional curvature. However, I am uncertain if this is actually how the universe works, and I'd like some answers.

 

TL;DR: To what extent are pictures like this wrong?

Thanks!

 

EDIT: Um, thanks for the answers? I'm not quite sure if I get it, and I'll probably have to read some of them a few times...

submitted by /u/EvilStevilTheKenevil
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Why is money "worth" so much more in some places and so much less than others?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 05:50 AM PST

For example, USD$10 can (broadly speaking) buy one sandwich in Los Angeles, two sandwiches in Iowa, and ten sandwiches in Thailand. Why is this?

submitted by /u/KnightsWhoSayKni
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Why can people can survive injuries where multiple limbs are lost (e.g in an explosion), but one stab wound to the abdomen can still be fatal?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 05:46 AM PST

Are all massless particles their own antiparticles?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 01:17 PM PST

I've heard that photons are their own antiparticle, and also that the same would be true for hypothetical gravitons, which would also be massless if I understand correctly (correct me if I'm wrong). Are all massless particles their own antiparticles, and if so, why?

submitted by /u/jellyfishdenovo
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Does a charged black hole create an electric field?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 09:16 PM PST

A Reissner–Nordström black hole has a net charge. Does it create an electrostatic attraction/repulsion to charged particles outside the horizon? If so, how to the photons carrying that force escape? If not, how is this not a break in charge parity since a positively charged black hole would be indistinguishable from a negatively charged one of the same mass and absolute charge from the outside?

submitted by /u/Mimshot
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Do photon transistors exist?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 04:20 AM PST

And if they do, what would they look like physically, what media would they use, like current ICs use silicon? Are light-based or photonic computers a possibility? Would they be significantly more efficient than our current electronic ones?

submitted by /u/delta_p_delta_x
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Does alpha-Amanitin have a higher binding affinity for different types of RNA polymerase's ie. viral, human, etc. And does it then dissociate from the inhibition site once inactivated?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 04:47 AM PST

Im looking at fungal secondary metabolites as part of my undergraduate degree and i've become interested in amatoxins and gliotoxins and their extreme potency and fast action

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If the photoelectric effect dictates that electrons are not ejected until a threshold frequency is reached, what happens to the energy of a low-energy photon if it doesn't cause electron emission?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 04:34 AM PST

Settle a housemate argument. Does cold air help warm air move around clothes when drying them?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 07:18 PM PST

It's the middle of winter here in the UK and our dryer has broken meaning that clothes have to be air dryed.

My housemate seems to think it's fine to leave an electric fan blowing on the clothes during the day and at night when we are not in the house. Her reasoning is that the cold air moves the warm air around the clothes.

I am skeptical...

What's the science here?

submitted by /u/SomethingPretty88
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What do prion proteins naturally do in the brain/body?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 11:14 AM PST

Im doing a presentation on the creutzfeldt-jacob-disease and found out that PRNPs can be the source of many problems but i cant find what their natural function is in the body and why we have them

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Does the human body make any noticeable 'microadjustments' when exposed to a particular climate for a length of time?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 10:57 AM PST

As someone who has lived in a temperate zone their entire life, feeling 38 degrees in the middle of a 10 degree average winter feels like a heatwave, same with a 78 degree day in the middle of a very hot summer. Is there a physical response going on? Or is it more psychological?

submitted by /u/throwaway3141598
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How do engines like Wolfram Alpha find a different answer than a calculator?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 06:01 PM PST

If I type (1+0.1x10-15-1) / (0.1x10-15) on my calculator, I get 0 as an answer instead of 1. I believe it is because the representable numbers of the calculator is exceeded.

But how do engines such as wolfram alpha handle this problem? Do they have lines of code enabling more bit use? Do they somehow figure out the problem like humans by rearranging the numbers?

submitted by /u/smaug88
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How can opposite charges attract each other if they interact via virtual photons? Can virtual photons carry negative momentum?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 11:39 PM PST

I can imagine them reoelling each other, with each sending and getting hit by virtual photons, but this image breaks down when thinking of attraction. Same applies to gravity with virtual graviton exchanges.

submitted by /u/PutinTakeout
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Why do sperm cells have a large nucleus if they only carry half the genetic material?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 10:18 AM PST

I have been taught that am adaptation of a sperm cell is an especially large nucleus. But what is the point when each gamete only has half the genetic material?

submitted by /u/Ellhoir
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What is thought to happen to quarks during the big rip?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 08:51 AM PST

During the big rip, the acceleration of the expanding universe will be so large that even atomic nuclei would get ripped apart. But what is supposed to happen with quarks? As I understand, it's not actually possible to separate quarks because the energy needed to do so instantly creates two new quarks which immediately pair up with the two separated ones. So doesn't that mean that you'd have regions of space with massive number of quarks being generated and wouldn't this resemble the big bang?

submitted by /u/dr0buds
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We put man on the moon, so why can’t we build roads that last a long time without potholes?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 04:26 AM PST

Engineering

Living in MN and some of these potholes were big enough to take out your wheel.

Is it a technology reason?

Is it money?

submitted by /u/Idiocracyis4real
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How does monitoring ultra-fast work?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 07:05 PM PST

When scientists are measuring things that move very fast or may happen for extremely short periods of time, how is it possible to eliminate or compensate for differences and losses between input/monitoring systems like sensors, or in-case the sensor is faster than the hardware it's attached to where a component slows down measurements and the thing you want to measure?

My line of reasoning is simplistic, probably naive.

If something occurs at a rate too low for you to measure, you don't know it exists. Worst case you get no anomalous readings, best case it shows up without easily predictable occurrence.

How does it limit science to potentially have something that happens too infrequently to measure?

submitted by /u/CODESIGN2
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