For humans, sea water is not drinkable due to its high salt content. How do whales, manatees, seals, and other sea faring mammals stay hydrated? | AskScience Blog

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Wednesday, January 3, 2018

For humans, sea water is not drinkable due to its high salt content. How do whales, manatees, seals, and other sea faring mammals stay hydrated?

For humans, sea water is not drinkable due to its high salt content. How do whales, manatees, seals, and other sea faring mammals stay hydrated?


For humans, sea water is not drinkable due to its high salt content. How do whales, manatees, seals, and other sea faring mammals stay hydrated?

Posted: 03 Jan 2018 04:42 AM PST

Are there species with more than 2 sexes?

Posted: 03 Jan 2018 07:11 AM PST

In humans the X and Y chromosomes decides the biological sex. Are there any species where theres more than 2? I found previous discussions where birds were said to have 4 genders and 2 sexes, but I would guess its still only 2 chromosomes at play. I wanted to know if there can be more.

submitted by /u/Waifuranger
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During the Cold War, how were ICBMs guided? Without GPS how do you accurately hit a city in the middle of Siberia from across the world?

Posted: 02 Jan 2018 01:19 PM PST

Does the temperature rise during a large fireworks display?

Posted: 03 Jan 2018 05:03 AM PST

We had a very overcast December 31st here in Copenhagen, Denmark but, of course, that did not stop anybody from launching TONS of fireworks during the course of the evening. This made me think about large, hour long firework displays (New Years, Chinese New Years, etc.) as to whether or not the ignition of the fireworks would give a noticeable rise in the local temperature? Would the mean daily temp in an urban location or city actually get warmer during that time period? of not, how many fireworks would it take before we would notice using regular methods of detection? Thank you all.

submitted by /u/svel
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Posted: 03 Jan 2018 07:07 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Why is liquid helium used to cool down superconducting magnets?

Posted: 03 Jan 2018 03:03 AM PST

This might be more of an engineering question now that I think of it. Liquid helium is used to cool down the superconducting magnets in the NMR machine in my lab. I figure, since it is so rare, can't we encase the magnets in a solid ice with a solid-liquid transition temperature below the superconducting temperature of the magnet? I figure the answer might have to do with transportation/and or handling, or maybe something more physics related, so can somebody shine some light?

edit: clarification

submitted by /u/tyeunbroken
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What were the evolutionary steps for the blowhole on whales and dolphins?

Posted: 02 Jan 2018 09:23 PM PST

I'm watching a dolphin show live right now and I'm wondering, that if they're mammals, did they develop from an earlier form of gills? When in the chain of evolution might have it developed and are there any other mammals that have a vestigial remnant of this feature?

submitted by /u/Spystrike
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How far are we from neural network based programs that will be able to generate speech from text based on provided voice records, that will be indistinguishable from real voice?

Posted: 02 Jan 2018 10:53 PM PST

This technology could provide a giant leap forward to video games, reducing time to record NPC text lines to basically... zero? Especially if neural network will be able to generate emotions too

submitted by /u/jstq
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I'm short-sighted. Without my glasses, I can see through shutters way better than with my glasses on. Why? Do the holes in the shutter act as lenses?

Posted: 03 Jan 2018 03:51 AM PST

Has the salinity of the earth’s oceans changed over its history?

Posted: 03 Jan 2018 03:33 AM PST

Have the oceans gotten more salty over time due to more salty rocks being eroded and dissolving in the oceans? Are the rising sea levels affecting the salinity of the oceans?

submitted by /u/ManMan36
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Can you track a radioactive golf ball with a Geiger counter?

Posted: 03 Jan 2018 05:03 AM PST

What type and level of radiation would you need to locate a lost radioactive golf ball with a Geiger counter (range at least 10 meters)?

submitted by /u/TheAntiSheep
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Is negative absolute pressure possible?

Posted: 02 Jan 2018 10:59 PM PST

It seems that negative absolute pressure is a topic for debate. Many textbooks will tell you it's impossible to sustain a negative absolute pressure in a liquid, yet it's a common explanation for how trees can bring water to heights higher than the theoretical limit of 10m. I've also seen references to surface tension, which may or may not be related to this discussion. I figured the great minds on reddit would surely be able to sort this one out.

Inspired by this post:

https://www.reddit.com/r/todayilearned/comments/7nom4a/comment/ds49l4r?st=JBYOXE0W&sh=7fd87b62

In my opinion his answer in the video is still not totally explained. Negative absolute pressure in a liquid? I don't remember that one in my fluid mechanics class.

So you stretch the liquid out? How is that done? And cavitation (boiling) doesn't occur because... magically perfect tubes that won't allow vapor? What happens if someone chops into these tubes? Does that cause boiling to occur? Are these tubes at room temp?

Not saying it's wrong I just feel that these mechanics were identified as the driving force of this phenomena and should be more thoroughly discussed.

This article goes into some more detail but it still isn't too clear to me:

http://discovermagazine.com/2003/mar/featscienceof

Here's some forums where the topic is discussed:

https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/negative-pressure.428998/

https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/65637/what-about-negative-pressure

And some scientific papers that I don't have access to:

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-5872-1_24

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-8984/24/28/284110

https://www.nature.com/articles/278148a0

submitted by /u/m287ike
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If water is continually flowing, does it decrease the freezing point, and if so, what is it?

Posted: 02 Jan 2018 11:21 PM PST

At what point would something like a waterfall freeze over, if it is continually flowing?

submitted by /u/Alsttr
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Why does hot water freeze faster than cold water?

Posted: 03 Jan 2018 06:19 AM PST

Is there any evidence of a second super continent on the opposite side of the earth when Pangaea existed?

Posted: 03 Jan 2018 12:07 AM PST

It always looks odd to me that Pangaea existed as one land mass with the rest of the earth covered in ocean. Couldn't have another continent have existed which has disappeared beneath the plates? Have all the current land masses been largely above the water since Pangaea?

submitted by /u/imapassenger1
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How small can transistors in CPUs possibly get? Is there a way to improve a CPU else than reducing the size of the transistors?

Posted: 02 Jan 2018 12:32 PM PST

Is it possible to create new elements with different baryons and leptons?

Posted: 02 Jan 2018 12:25 PM PST

Let my do a little clarification. Since elements are composed of protons and neutron cores (baryons) and elections (leptons). there are more types of baryon than just protons and neutrons. Let's pretend that we progressed technologically to the point where creating a synthetic element made of protons and neutrons was cheap and easy and creating other baryons was easy as well. Would it be possible to make new periodic tables of elements using different kinds and combinations of baryons?

submitted by /u/TheLastOne0001
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Why is LSD so powerful?

Posted: 02 Jan 2018 11:35 AM PST

A normal LSD dose is about 100μg and it can cause hallucinations but the threshold is 25μg. How can such small quantities of this substance alter your mind? This has been for a long time one of my curiosities. Thanks for the answers.

submitted by /u/Arlkaj
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Could a friction-less string tie a knot that remains tight when no external force is applied?

Posted: 02 Jan 2018 01:15 PM PST

Does a large diameter, cylindrical, standing body of water, perfectly level and still, slowly rotate on its own axis *inside* its container due to the motion of the planet?

Posted: 02 Jan 2018 12:17 PM PST

An observed phenomenon has not been easily explained and has caused much consternation and argument.

submitted by /u/ThePleasantLady
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What happens to the photons of a light bulb when it us turned of ?

Posted: 03 Jan 2018 04:59 AM PST

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