Why does looking through a tiny hole make things focus? | AskScience Blog

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Saturday, April 3, 2021

Why does looking through a tiny hole make things focus?

Why does looking through a tiny hole make things focus?


Why does looking through a tiny hole make things focus?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 10:45 PM PDT

When I forget my reading glasses and need to read small print I can curl up my forefinger (like making a fist, but only my forefinger) tight enough to leave only a tiny pinhole in the center of my curled finger. If I look through that tiny hole by putting the finger very close to my eye this makes the print come into focus.

Why? How does this work?

submitted by /u/Zamboniman
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After an intramuscular vaccination, why does the whole muscle hurt rather than just the tissue around the injection site?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 08:33 AM PDT

Is there a timeline of when certain symptoms appear for SARS-CoV-2?

Posted: 03 Apr 2021 10:29 AM PDT

Either my google-fu is severely lacking or I am simply unable to find what I am looking for exactly. Any help finding proper scientific sources would be extremely helpful. If this is the wrong place for this, please direct me to a better one.

I am trying to find out if there is a general timeline, with sources and citations, on approximately when symptoms appear in those effected with SARS-CoV-2. For instance do people generally lose taste and smell day one or day 6? At what point would they have difficulty breathing?etc

Most of what I have found is either lacking sources or proper sources(citing reddit threads or political news articles doesn't count for instance), based off of anecdotal evidence or lacking a usable sample size(>100 people isn't a good sample size for this).

With the amount of funding, spread, concern and time SARS-CoV-2 has been around, I would have figured there would be at least some data out in the world that I could find.

submitted by /u/BloodLictor
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What is the mechanism behind the theory that Uranus' tilt was caused by an impact?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 09:21 AM PDT

The current theory as to how Uranus tilted is that it was hit by a large object that caused a drastic change in its orientation. This has always puzzled me. I would think that being a large ball of gas, an "impact" would be different from that of a solid planet, that there's nothing there to hit and it would simply plunge into a cloud of gas. Does gas at that mass behave differently? Is the impacting object so large that it doesn't matter what it's interacting with? Or am I just fundamentally misunderstanding some basic aspect of physics/fluid dynamics?

submitted by /u/BoardfShadowyFigures
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mRNA vaccines are in development to treat cancer. How does this differ from “traditional” cancer immunotherapy?

Posted: 03 Apr 2021 10:57 AM PDT

mRNA cancer vaccines sound incredibly promising—create a personalized vaccine that programs your immune system to target the mutated proteins of your cancer and destroy it.

But immunotherapies are already in use for cancer treatment. How do mRNA cancer vaccines differ from/improve on existing immunotherapy?

submitted by /u/djiivu
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Why do countries like India not have the annual flu vaccine that seems to be so common in the USA?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 01:23 PM PDT

Indian here and I have never taken or heard about the flu vaccine being given in india. We have a really huge vaccination programme otherwise. Is this because the virus is only prevalent in some countries?

submitted by /u/bezwoman
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Galaxy formation: Do we see proto-galaxies at the edge of the observable universe?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 08:19 AM PDT

I understand that the formation process of galaxies isn't terribly well understood. From what I have read, galaxies including the Milky Way formed pretty soon after the Big Bang (13-14 billion yrs ago), so - shouldn't we be able to have a peek at galaxies in the making when we look far enough out into space? As far as I know we already observe galaxies 13 BLY away. Are these in any way more "primordial" than our own Milky Way?

submitted by /u/Schanzenraute
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If HIV only attacks the immune system, wouldnt it possible to put a person who got infected into a sterile room and completely supress their immune system or atleast the cells that HIV targets and wait for the RNA to die off?

Posted: 03 Apr 2021 10:39 AM PDT

By a person I mean someone who knows they have possibly been infected instantly, for example, a nurse who was taking care of a person with HIV and some other complication who coughed blood into their mouth and eyes. IDK im just a high schooler.

submitted by /u/Miraster
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Why is the Astrazeneca vaccine approved for 60 and older in many countries? How does age affect the formation of these rare blood clots?

Posted: 03 Apr 2021 06:21 AM PDT

If a morbidly obese person changes their lifestyle and gets down to a healthy weight, can the damage done to their body by obesity be fully reversed?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 08:31 AM PDT

Working on the assumption that they don't have any specific illnesses like diabetes or heart disease, but just the general effects of years of excess weight. For example, can the accumulated fat around their organs and in their arteries be lost along with their external fat? Is there a level of joint damage that could be reversed or is that generally permanent?

submitted by /u/Arabella-miller
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Did cancer become more common in 1970s or what accounts for its rise in literature during this time?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 08:03 AM PDT

I was looking at Google's Ngram Viewer and it seems like there was big increase in the mentioning of cancer in literature in the 1970s. What could be some possible reasons for the term to gain popularity during that time?

https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=cancer&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2Ccancer%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2Ccancer%3B%2Cc0

submitted by /u/goflowflow
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When both chromosomes have the dominant gene, does one copy need to be silenced?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 08:13 AM PDT

My understanding is that in females, one of the two X chromosomes is inactivated so the body does not receive a "double dose" of the proteins encoded by the X chromosome genes. Is there any equivalent process for dominant genes on other chromosomes? I know that the "Punnett square" view of genetics is not always accurate, but for cases where there is no phenotypic difference between 1 and 2 copies of the dominant gene, does the extra copy need to be inactivated somehow?

submitted by /u/DustinBraddock
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Can you transplant a transplanted kidney?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 10:00 PM PDT

If person A donates a kidney to person B, and person B dies in a car crash a year later, can person B donate their kidney to a person C?

submitted by /u/SUBLALBUS
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How do marine mammals not just constantly have pneumonia?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 12:48 PM PDT

Especially whales......they must have some way of combating a regular flow of water into their lungs. It seems that every time they use their blow hole some water would drip in and make its way to the lungs eventually. I would think that sea water has got to be capable of delivering a steady flow of bacteria too. Is that the case or are they just not affected by fluid in their lungs?

submitted by /u/FordMasterTech
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How do zoologists and the people who make nature documentaries stay safe from the animals they are observing?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 07:36 AM PDT

Does our heart rate increase the same amount in a nightmare as it would if the same situation happened in our waking life - or do we experience a greater level of physiological fear in our waking life?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 07:06 AM PDT

The other night I was having a nightmare - terrible creatures about to eat us alive. I remember just being in terror during the dream. And when the danger was over, I told my friend I was still really scared.

When I woke and thought of the dream, it made me wonder, if I had faced that same scenario in real life, would I have been even more scared (in the physiological sense - fight or flight, raised heart rate, etc.)?

Are there any papers that dive into it? I'm looking on Google Scholar and I'm not seeing any comparisons yet of - I don't know how to phrase it but - degree of fear in dreams vs. waking life.

It kind of goes back to that If you die in your dreams do you die for real (which I know is not true) but the theory was that your physiological systems process the event as if it were a reality and then you'd have cardiac arrest or whatever. Kind of like the scenes in the Matrix where if you were killed in the Matrix you died for real.

Thanks.

submitted by /u/cassiopeia1131
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How do chemicals like lye break down hair?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 08:11 AM PDT

I know that there are some drain cleaners that you can put down the bathroom sink to unclog it. From what I've collected, it breaks down hair and the main chemical doing this is sodium hydroxide.

Can someone explain the chemical reaction going on?

submitted by /u/viverries
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What are the actual differences between the Johnson&Johnson and AstraZeneca shots? What qualities differentiate them as adenovirus DNA vaccines?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 09:55 AM PDT

Why do breeds of domestic house cats not exist?

Posted: 02 Apr 2021 03:45 PM PDT

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