How do old people's chances against covid19, after they've had the vaccine, compare to non vaccinated healthy 30 year olds? |
- How do old people's chances against covid19, after they've had the vaccine, compare to non vaccinated healthy 30 year olds?
- What is the likely mortality rate of COVID without any medical treatment?
- Where do the new layers of earth/dirt come from when talking about how different dinosaurs from different time periods have fossils in different layers underground?
- Rabies is a disease with (untreated) near-100% fatality and a prolonged transmissible period. How is it contained in the animal kingdom?
- Is there a hearing version of blindsight?
- Why do we get knocked out by heavy hits to the head?
- Did the rocket boosters used prior to The Challenger have the same “O-ring Problem” that the right rocket booster had in the Challenger launch?
- Does taking a first shot of the COVID vaccine reduce the intensity or severity of symptoms if infected?
- Why are certain foreign proteins expressed on the outside of host cells rather than exocytosed or kept inside the cell?
- What's the difference between 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G and 6G?
- What actually happens when acids dissolve something?
- Why does the covid-19 virus have that spherical shape?
- Can we use protons instead of neutrons for nuclear fission?
- Is it possible to predict likely virus mutations in the wild by rapidly mutating the virus in a lab? (For example, predict the most likely future covid-19 variations.)
- How are antibodies produced for SARS-CoV-2 for proteins *internal* to the virus particle, and how can these antibodies for internal viral proteins neutralize infection?
- Is it possible for a pathogen to gain a mutation that alters its mutation rate?
- Is there data on the clearance of lipid nanoparticles found in mRNA vaccines from the human body?
- How does human brain learn to distinguish the living from the non-living? Which parts of the brain contribute to this perception?
| Posted: 24 Apr 2021 04:41 AM PDT |
| What is the likely mortality rate of COVID without any medical treatment? Posted: 24 Apr 2021 03:31 AM PDT I've heard about how lots of people die when there isn't oxygen available for COVID patients in the icu. Like what happened in Egypt a few months ago. [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 24 Apr 2021 02:44 AM PDT So I've often heard paleontologists say older dinos' fossils are deeper underground and the later dinos' fossils are shallower comparatively, so where does the new dirt come from to bury these fossils? does the earth get thicker due to the increasing layers? volcanic dust? debris from meteorite impacts? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 23 Apr 2021 02:18 PM PDT Rabies is near-universally fatal unless treated early, at least in humans. In animals such as canines, it also provokes aggression and attacking others, which helps spread the disease, over a prolonged period of time and with an easy infection vector. Diseases are generally thought to fall on the mortality-transmissibility curve, where highly lethal diseases generally kill the host before many others are infected, while highly infectious diseases are usually less lethal, with both ends of the curve limiting the diseases' destructiveness at the species level. Rabies, however, seems to be strong in both categories. What stops it from completely decimating every species it targets? [link] [comments]  |
| Is there a hearing version of blindsight? Posted: 23 Apr 2021 07:03 PM PDT I've heard of blindsight, in which a patient with cortical blindness (ie the eyes and optic nerve are still fine, but the visual cortex is damaged so the visual input can't be perceived) still has some level of unconscious sight and is able to distinguish shapes or detect motion even though they can't "see." Is there an equivalent of this for patients who have working middle ear anatomy and functional cochlear nerves, but the auditory cortex is damaged? [link] [comments]  |
| Why do we get knocked out by heavy hits to the head? Posted: 24 Apr 2021 06:55 AM PDT And when you eventually wake up, what happened in the brain to invoke that response? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 23 Apr 2021 05:35 PM PDT I've read the famous account of the engineer not wanting the Challenger to launch due to the malfunction. But was this problem present in the rockets used before Challenger? Thank you. [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 24 Apr 2021 01:58 AM PDT I am curious, I know the efficacy doesn't build up until the second shot and one can elget infected. If infected after the first shot, does it have impact on the intensity at all? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 24 Apr 2021 12:06 AM PDT For example, in the case of mRNA vaccines that code for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, host cells (say, a myocyte) receive the mRNA for the spike protein, produce the spike proteins internally in the endoplasmic reticulum, and then actively transport these foreign spike proteins along the cytoskeleton from the ER to the cell membrane, where they are implanted into the membrane with the spike expressed on the outside layer of the membrane. Are some spike proteins exocytosed and also kept inside the cell as well? Proteins in general either stay inside the cell, are expressed externally on the membrane, or are exocytosed outside the cell, all scenarios of which are mediated by different processes and (I would think) not random. Is there a name for this process / behavior of taking foreign proteins, transporting them, and expressing them on the outside membrane of the cell? What determines whether a protein is expressed on the membrane or not? [link] [comments]  |
| What's the difference between 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G and 6G? Posted: 24 Apr 2021 02:16 AM PDT Each one's supposed to be generally better than the previous, but what exactly is it that makes each technology somehow iterative on each previous one? [link] [comments]  |
| What actually happens when acids dissolve something? Posted: 23 Apr 2021 04:36 PM PDT |
| Why does the covid-19 virus have that spherical shape? Posted: 24 Apr 2021 01:59 AM PDT The viruses i've seen on books etc always have a icosahedron shape, so why do have some viruses (most famous example would be covid-19) that are sphere-shaped? Is it more advantageous than other shapes? Why do some viruses choose this shape over traditional shapes? [link] [comments]  |
| Can we use protons instead of neutrons for nuclear fission? Posted: 24 Apr 2021 01:54 AM PDT Like in current nuclear power plants the nucleus is split apart by high energy shooting neutrons can we use protons instead of neutrons as using protons instead of neutrons generates no radioactive waste [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 23 Apr 2021 01:35 PM PDT |
| Posted: 23 Apr 2021 11:46 PM PDT "Natural infection, (shown in Figure 1), via ACE2-mediated cellular infection and APC presentation, produces wide variation of immunogenicity with multivalent antibodies-shown as red for anti-S, blue for anti-N, and yellow for anti-ORF8; the latter two are less neutralizing." The N (nucleocapsid) and ORF8 proteins are both internal to the virus membrane. AFAIK they are not expressed on the outside of the virus. - Since they are not expressed on the outside of the virus like the S, M, and E proteins, how are antibodies created for it? - Since they are not expressed on the outside of the virus like the S, M, and E proteins, how are antibodies able to bind to the N and ORF8 proteins of virus particles? My guess: When the virus enters a host cell, the process of viral replication within the host cell cytoplasm creates the individual N and ORF8 proteins, and not all of them are assembled into new virions. Some N and ORF8 proteins (along with other viral proteins) migrate out of the cytoplasm and are expressed on the surface of the host cell (why?). The immune system then creates antibodies for these proteins that are normally internal to the virus. Antibodies identify infected host cells based on their exterior expression of these normally-internal viral proteins, and agglutinate/mark these host cells for destruction. [link] [comments]  |
| Is it possible for a pathogen to gain a mutation that alters its mutation rate? Posted: 23 Apr 2021 08:13 AM PDT |
| Is there data on the clearance of lipid nanoparticles found in mRNA vaccines from the human body? Posted: 23 Apr 2021 12:26 PM PDT Hello, I was wondering if there's any data regarding the clearance of LNPs from the body for the Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech vaccines? My understanding is that LNPs would undergo biodegradation either in serum and/or while being processed by the liver, before the constituents are excreted via the kidneys. [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 23 Apr 2021 10:13 AM PDT |
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