Is it possible for the human immune system to "forget" any pathogen after vaccination as time passes? How does this work considering that information on certain pathogens are also retained by the immune system and does this vary based on different pathogens? | AskScience Blog

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Tuesday, April 27, 2021

Is it possible for the human immune system to "forget" any pathogen after vaccination as time passes? How does this work considering that information on certain pathogens are also retained by the immune system and does this vary based on different pathogens?

Is it possible for the human immune system to "forget" any pathogen after vaccination as time passes? How does this work considering that information on certain pathogens are also retained by the immune system and does this vary based on different pathogens?


Is it possible for the human immune system to "forget" any pathogen after vaccination as time passes? How does this work considering that information on certain pathogens are also retained by the immune system and does this vary based on different pathogens?

Posted: 27 Apr 2021 05:13 AM PDT

If my understanding is correct, after being vaccinated, the body produces antibodies against a particular pathogen. This can offer protection to the body if any live pathogen were to attack the body.

But, and contextually in case of COVID-19, I have also read that, even after vaccination, the antibodies that target the virus drop in number with the passage of time. Contrary to this, I have also read that the immune system does have the ability to remember and retain information about any pathogen for extended periods of time. How do these two correlate with each other?

Does/Can the human immune system essentially forget the information on any pathogen after a set period of time? Is this universal to all pathogens and if not, what exactly affects this?

submitted by /u/Nish_thp
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Question by my 8yr old - Could all the lights on earth ever be as bright as the sun?

Posted: 26 Apr 2021 04:38 PM PDT

If we turned them all on together. How would we work this out? Edit: thanks so much for your generous responses, I guess I knew the answer but not how to help him think about it more deeply. He's a curious kid and I want to help him stay that way!

submitted by /u/asylum33
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What happens whilst crossing a black hole event horizon?

Posted: 27 Apr 2021 02:52 AM PDT

In a large black hole, tidal forces may not 'rip' you apart until you are well within the black hole.

But - due to the fact that events that happen inside the event horizon are cut off from those outside - what happens to things at the moment they cross the event horizon (half in/half out)?

Can your legs no longer send nerve signals up to your brain?

Does a molecule half-in, half-out just fall apart as atoms inside are no longer associated with those outside?

Do atomic nuclei just fall apart when they are half in half out?

Does everything just get destroyed the instant it crosses?

submitted by /u/laz001reddit
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Why are Hilbert spaces used in quantum mechanics formalism?

Posted: 26 Apr 2021 07:39 PM PDT

I feel "Hilbert space" is a term that gets thrown around in regards to quantum mechanics way more often than it actually gets defined. But I looked it up and a Hilbert space is a complete inner product space. I get what that means, I'm just wondering why completeness is required.

The main infinite-dimensional Hilbert space you'd want to use in quantum mechanics is the space of square integrable functions... which is a Hilbert space, provided 1) you use Lebesgue integration, 2) you identify functions which differ on a set of measure 0, and 3) you include very badly behaved functions (not necessarily differentiable or even continuous anywhere).

But then wouldn't that mean that the momentum operator is not actually an operator on this space, given the momentum operator involves a derivative and the space includes nowhere differentiable functions? How does this make sense?

So why is completeness a requirement, if the only thing it seems to do is require you to include badly behaved functions (which then makes the operators on the space ill-defined for some inputs)? Why not just say "inner product space" (which could be complete, but doesn't have to be)?

submitted by /u/miwwdu_sitsom
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Did earth always have the same tectonic plates?

Posted: 26 Apr 2021 09:27 PM PDT

Are the tectonic plates today the same ones we have always had? For example the Rocky Mountains and Appalachian Mountains are not on one of these fault lines, how did they emerge?

submitted by /u/TheSadTiefling
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Is there a neutron star-based equivalent to a Type Ia supernova?

Posted: 26 Apr 2021 07:47 PM PDT

A Type Ia supernova occurs when a white dwarf star accretes enough mass from a companion star to either collapse into a neutron star or kick off a violent burst of fusion, depending on which model you subscribe to.

But what if, instead of a white dwarf, it's a neutron star accreting mass from its companion? Does that produce a specific type of supernova if it hits a certain limit, and if so, what distinguishes it from other types? Are there any known examples, or would this be purely theoretical?

submitted by /u/Reedstilt
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Why is diesel as fuel preferred over petrol in high compression ratio engines? Such as truck/boat/generator engines

Posted: 26 Apr 2021 12:40 PM PDT

What neuron cell types (and layers) fire the most/least frequently per second?

Posted: 26 Apr 2021 01:55 PM PDT

How do wasps locate food sources?

Posted: 26 Apr 2021 11:00 AM PDT

Wasps seem to have an erratic movement pattern, zeroing in on a particular corner and then onto another. Eg. settling on random objects that are not brightly colored and contain no food in them or nearby. However they seem to return to areas where food might have been before. So I assume they use a combo of sense(s) and memory to look for food? Or do they sense a large mammal and therefore likely food sources closeby irrespective of memory? (so it does a random search in the vicinity until it finds food). So, how much do thing like scents and color vision play a role vs memory vs random search?

submitted by /u/nickoskal024
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What's limiting the bandwidth being sent back by Mars rovers/other space probes?

Posted: 25 Apr 2021 06:49 PM PDT

I understand that latency is limited by distance, but why can't we just put a badass transmitter on the rover and get HD live feed with 4-20 minute delay?

submitted by /u/bobombpom
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