Are the Aspen in New Mexico and the Aspen in Colorado the same? | AskScience Blog

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Thursday, April 7, 2022

Are the Aspen in New Mexico and the Aspen in Colorado the same?

Are the Aspen in New Mexico and the Aspen in Colorado the same?


Are the Aspen in New Mexico and the Aspen in Colorado the same?

Posted: 07 Apr 2022 08:41 AM PDT

Just visited Santa Fe and was curious

submitted by /u/jjmac
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In Transfusion science, why do some blood group systems produce predominantly IgM antibodies while others produce IgG?

Posted: 07 Apr 2022 08:17 AM PDT

So the likes of ABO and M/N produce IgM, while Duffy, Rh and Kidd produce IgG. What determines what isotype is produced by each group?

submitted by /u/user280102
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Do other animal species raise young at different ages like humans do?

Posted: 06 Apr 2022 11:54 PM PDT

I know it is very common for animals to have litters or many offspring at once and us humans have kids one at a time. So we could have a preteen and a toddler, which are at very different stages of development. I was curious if any other species also raise their offspring at different stages of development?

submitted by /u/Mrosewater
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Do all animals produce endorphons and dopamine and if so what about insects and bacteria?

Posted: 06 Apr 2022 04:30 PM PDT

I was wondering why would a living organism keep living if it cant feel pleasure?

submitted by /u/1ornone1
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Ommatidium in insects are 10 micrometers in width in certain species but also 30 micrometers or more in others. What benefits do larger ommatidium bring?

Posted: 07 Apr 2022 06:03 AM PDT

Is photosynthesis in plants affected by electric/magnetic fields?

Posted: 07 Apr 2022 04:17 AM PDT

Photosynthesis involves the movement of many charges including H+ ions (protons) and electrons which can be easily influenced by electric and magnetic fields. Their pathways are often manipulated by the cell to produce ATP from ADP, reduce NAD+ to NADHH+, etc. If a plant is placed in the presence of such a field, what is the effect on it's photosynthetic process, if any? If there isn't any effect, why?

submitted by /u/A_Yawn
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where do B lymphocytes get their antigen receptors?

Posted: 06 Apr 2022 08:10 PM PDT

I'm a pre-PA student.

As I understand it B lymphocytes develop with their antigen receptors, and when they encounter their antigen they become activated.

How are they born with the right receptors? How can your body predict what antigens it will encounter?

submitted by /u/pm_me_arthropods
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Why are some drugs’ MOA ‘unknown’ or ‘uncertain’?

Posted: 07 Apr 2022 01:04 AM PDT

if target identification and validation are done prior to or simultaneously with API or lead identification, shouldn't the MOA be certain? or is it being unknown only for indications the drug wasn't designed for in the first place and was just discovered eventually (thru trials/PMS)?

submitted by /u/HairyOpportunity9937
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What is the incubation period for the omicron ba.2 variant?

Posted: 07 Apr 2022 03:56 AM PDT

Why does adding milk allow cheese and butter to mix?

Posted: 07 Apr 2022 01:39 AM PDT

If i try and make a sauce using butter and cheese it won't really mix and will just settle back into little clumps of cheese in butter eventually, but adding just a tiny amount of milk allows the cheese and butter to actually mix.

Have noticed this with other oily type things and sauces too.

submitted by /u/JerkItToJesus
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Why do physical objects squeak or produce sounds when rubbing against each other? Is it friction or something with the molecules?

Posted: 06 Apr 2022 12:20 PM PDT

What tests could a hospital use to determine the presence of absence of Kleinfelter Syndrome and related conditions?

Posted: 06 Apr 2022 04:11 PM PDT

Edit: The title should be "presence OR absence," not "presence OF absence."

Suppose a hospital receives a human patient with severe injuries around the waist level, a missing pelvis, and missing legs. Genital examination is impossible. There is a dispute about whether the chromosomes of this patient are XY, XXY, XYY, or some other configuration. What tests would the hospital require to resolve the question? Would blood samples be the most convenient tissue sample, or would some other tissue sample be more convenient?

submitted by /u/postgygaxian
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How does tar from smoking get out of your lungs?

Posted: 05 Apr 2022 04:52 PM PDT

I've quit smoking. For the first while, my nose was runny for like a month. I think that was because my cilia came back to life. However, now…usually once a day…usually in the morning, I seem to be blowing my nose and black/brownish phlegm comes out. Is that tar? I thought it would come up from coughing.

submitted by /u/Vancity-2020
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How can nuclear reactors control the exponential cascade of neutrons fast enough to prevent an explosion?

Posted: 06 Apr 2022 04:15 AM PDT

The Wiki article on nuclear reactor physics states that

the average neutron lifetime in a typical core is on the order of a millisecond, the exponential factor is as small as 0.01, in one second the reactor power will vary by a factor of (1 + 0.01)1000, or more than ten thousand.

These are called prompt neutrons. It also states that

so-called delayed neutrons (typically <1% of created neurons) increase the effective average lifetime of neutrons in the core, to nearly 0.1 seconds, so that a core with average neutron lifetime of 0.01 would increase in one second by only a factor of (1 + 0.01)10, or about 1.1: a 10% increase. This is a controllable rate of change.

Most nuclear reactors are hence operated in a prompt subcritical, delayed critical condition: the prompt neutrons alone are not sufficient to sustain a chain reaction, but the delayed neutrons make up the small difference required to keep the reaction going. This has effects on how reactors are controlled: when a small amount of control rod is slid into or out of the reactor core, the power level changes at first very rapidly due to prompt subcritical multiplication and then more gradually, following the exponential growth or decay curve of the delayed critical reaction.

This still seems to imply that a very fast control loop is needed since not acting on a criticality increase within a few seconds still leads to an exponential increase, after about 100 seconds it would again be a factor of 10000. So how fast does the feedback have to be and how is it applied? Only through the control rods, moving a few millimeters?

How is it even possible to measure the state of the core so quickly?

How much does the reactor's power vary around the steady state, where one neutron causes exactly one other neutron to be absorbed? Does it look like a cycle? Does the output power vary by a magnitude or less?

submitted by /u/CanonicalSpice69
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