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Saturday, April 30, 2022

Assuming the same rate of sea level rise extrapolated to the next century and a half, how high will the water extend and what major American cities would be partially or completely underwater?

Assuming the same rate of sea level rise extrapolated to the next century and a half, how high will the water extend and what major American cities would be partially or completely underwater?


Assuming the same rate of sea level rise extrapolated to the next century and a half, how high will the water extend and what major American cities would be partially or completely underwater?

Posted: 30 Apr 2022 11:35 AM PDT

Why was it that not all animals evolved together?

Posted: 30 Apr 2022 11:46 AM PDT

This may be a stupid question, but my thought is that if we all started from the same place, then why are there animals like humans and mammals, and others like jellyfish. What determines what evolves and doesn't? I don't know much about evolution but this was a question I always had in the back of my mind.

submitted by /u/ianisonreddit6
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How does one distinguish between lithium toxicity vs poisoning with a cholinesterase inhibitor?

Posted: 30 Apr 2022 10:08 AM PDT

Specifically, I'm asking about the objections brought up here to the Lancet article about Navalny's poisoning. Yeah, I know the former's not the most reputable source (though the author does seem to have been a genuine student/employee at the University of Basel's Neurology department/clinic at least at one point), but the arguments (and the author himself) have been directly referenced by the Russian government multiple times (including in state media), so I think it's worth addressing just because (like anti-vax ideologies) it's made its way to the semi-mainstream.

submitted by /u/umbrellaguns
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Would a rail gun in space produce recoil on the ship it was fired from?

Would a rail gun in space produce recoil on the ship it was fired from?


Would a rail gun in space produce recoil on the ship it was fired from?

Posted: 30 Apr 2022 07:24 AM PDT

Was randomly thinking of space battles in sci fi and it occurred to me that traditional kinetic weapons like fire arms would to some extent be pushing the ship they are mounted on which got me wondering if a rail gun would have the same result.

submitted by /u/4threetwoone
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How genetically related are you to your ancestors a thousand years ago?

Posted: 30 Apr 2022 08:17 AM PDT

Edit for the title: from a thousand years ago

By that I mean if we found a genetic sample of one of my ancestors from a thousand years ago and compared it to mine using modern methods, could you be able to tell we are directly related, as in he is my grand grand grand -... father?

Also this may be a dumb question buy could I be more related to some ancestors than others, as in could some genes could drown out others?

submitted by /u/Lord_Jalapeno
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How did we figure out that mantis shrimp can see polarized light?

Posted: 30 Apr 2022 07:22 AM PDT

What reaction products are formed when potassium bicarbonate is added to a magnesium citrate solution (in water)?

Posted: 30 Apr 2022 08:36 AM PDT

What is the mechanism in which neurons change their connections? How are they able to 'move' their axon terminals to 'undo' a specific connection with neuron A, and create one with neuron B?

What is the mechanism in which neurons change their connections? How are they able to 'move' their axon terminals to 'undo' a specific connection with neuron A, and create one with neuron B?


What is the mechanism in which neurons change their connections? How are they able to 'move' their axon terminals to 'undo' a specific connection with neuron A, and create one with neuron B?

Posted: 30 Apr 2022 05:35 AM PDT

For example, in neuroplasticity, how are the neurons able to 'move' themselves to undo connections and create new connections with other neurons? I remember seeing a microscopic picture of a few neurons not very well connected between each other, and in the 'after' picture (after learning something), they somehow had grown many projections/branches from their cell bodies, connecting with each other. In other words, what is the mechanism behind, when neurons undo a specific connection (synapse) with a neuron, and 'move' it to another neuron? What causes them to 'decide' to undo that connection?

Also, how fast do they move connections and change their shapes (in nanometres per second, for example, or is it more like nanometres per minute)? The speed of which the dendrites and axon terminals move to change connections.

submitted by /u/Chance_Programmer_54
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Do mixed nerves contain fibers that are both sensory and motor in nature? Or do they just contain sensory fibers and motor fibers separately in a bundle?

Posted: 30 Apr 2022 06:01 AM PDT

Title. talking about mixed nerves like some cranial nerves that have both sensory and motor function, and splanchnic nerves which have a sensory and autonomic function (involuntary motor).

Do mixed nerves contain fibers that are both sensory and motor in nature? As in fibers performing both sensory and motor tasks.

Or do they just contain sensory fibers and motor fibers separately in a bundle? As in does the bundle of nerve contain both sensory and motor fibers?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/stashasa
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Does going from a supercritical fluid to a liquid count as a phase change? if a supercritical fluid has no distinguished phase?

Posted: 30 Apr 2022 01:47 AM PDT

Bonus question - why does the heat capacity of a fluid moving from supercritical to liquid have a greatly increased specific heat capacity? What is it about the critical point?

Cheers!

submitted by /u/oneradioheadfan
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Is there a substance that mimics the effect of nicotine on acetylcholine receptors?

Posted: 30 Apr 2022 04:39 AM PDT

Does mining have any impact on plate tectonics and/or the earth's crust/surface on a large scale? Also, could mining eventually impact the earth's rotation?

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 04:06 PM PDT

Just wondering about the impact mining operations have on the world, literally. What's the long term impact in terms of the earth's surface, plate tectonics and perhaps even the earth's spin. Does mining have an impact on the actually mass of the earth? I would assume it's just movie matter from one place to another, but does it have a larger impact?

submitted by /u/1nstantHuman
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May sound like a stupid question, but here goes: Why don't liquids in a vacuum sealed container stay hot forever since the heat energy has no medium to travel through? How does it lose its energy

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 02:36 PM PDT

Is it possible to develop a drug that specifically targets the part of the occipital lobe that controls color perception and vividly changes a person’s perception of color for a temporary period?

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 12:46 PM PDT

Think temporary kaleidoscope vision, or something like that. Is there any way to do this without interfering with other important brain functions? I feel like any kind of testing could seriously mess someone up neurologically, and that's if it's even hypothetically possible. Imagine the profits to be made though; sounds like quite the party drug.

submitted by /u/Professional_Lake_85
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Why is there a vocal range difference between the sexes in humans and why is it not as apparent in other animals?

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 12:23 PM PDT

In humans males generally have a lower-pitched voice than females. From a quick google search, I found that male duck quacks are slightly deeper but not as apparent as humans. This difference isn't as evident in other vertebrates as in humans (or our hearing doesn't catch them). Are there any advantages to having different pitches? Is it a remnant of our hunter-gatherer lifestyle?

submitted by /u/Dordo912
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Is there an identifiable difference between hair follicles on the scalp vs. the follicles from the side and back of the head?

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:13 AM PDT

Besides DHT receptors, what are some other differences? Why are hair on top of he head more susceptible to stress and loss? Thanks.

submitted by /u/Armchair-Expert
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Why do we sleep less as we get older?

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 08:48 AM PDT

By what mechanism do you become more flexible when you stretch daily?

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 12:57 PM PDT

I started working out this year, and on top of the muscle, I've noticed that I'm massively more flexible, which I assume is due to my long stretching routine before working out.

I know that muscle builds with use because it is damaged, then repairs itself to be even stronger. Do you become more flexible in the same way

submitted by /u/NoNazis
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What is roughly the smallest planet size able to sustain a long-lived magnetosphere?

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 10:37 AM PDT

I'm looking to design a low(er) gravity planet for a project I'm working on, and can't seem to find any leads on this question. Obviously, there are many issues with a planet being too small, such as inability to hang onto an atmosphere or sustain a long-term internal dynamo. But...how small is too small? Is Mars too small, or were there other factors at play, like unideal core composition or inopportune asteroid impacts? If Mars is too small, could there be an intermediate size between Mars and Earth that would be viable? Do humans even know the answer to this question?

With Earth being relatively small and having an internal dynamo that's lasted 4.5 billion years, expected to go on for another billion years, is it really the smallest a potentially habitable planet could be?

submitted by /u/Elhammo
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Are more sugary drinks worse for your teeth than drinks with less sugar?

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 02:18 PM PDT

The last couple of days I have been wondering whether my teeth get more damaged if I drink let's say a drink that has 10 grams of sugar per 100 ml opposed to a drink with 2 grams of sugar per 100 ml.

In both cases, all my teeth get soaked in sugary fluid which in return damages my teeth because bacteria converts it into acid.

So does it even make sense to swap to less sugary drinks if both hurt my teeth equally as bad?

If both drinks do the same amount of damage, only drinking fluids with 0 grams of sugar per 100ml would mean less risk of cavities right?

submitted by /u/Malte4345
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If the minimum wage kept up with inflation ($21.50)*, what would be the increase in income tax revenue for the government from minimum wage workers?

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 01:26 PM PDT

Why does the citrate ion have 3 distinct pKas for the 3 carboxyl groups? Wouldn't resonance on the 2nd carboxyl group make the 1st and 3rd carboxyl groups symmetrical?

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 06:54 PM PDT

If Mars' core is completely molten, could a dynamo start up once its iron and nickel begins to freeze out into a solid inner core?

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 12:31 PM PDT

If I remove all the contents of my fridge and place a can of beer, will it cool down faster than If I just left it with everything inside?

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 05:31 PM PDT

Mandatory "Sorry for bad english, not native speaker"

submitted by /u/germancc
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Does the stress from having a nightmare affect health in the same way as daily stress?

Friday, April 29, 2022

If the JWST tried to take a picture of Earth and had been properly calibrated/designed to do so, how magnified would the picture be?

If the JWST tried to take a picture of Earth and had been properly calibrated/designed to do so, how magnified would the picture be?


If the JWST tried to take a picture of Earth and had been properly calibrated/designed to do so, how magnified would the picture be?

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 07:55 AM PDT

Could it take a picture of my house? Of the ants on the ground?

This is probably a stupid question.

submitted by /u/ThumbWarVeteran
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How do we fall asleep?

Posted: 28 Apr 2022 08:20 PM PDT

How does our body go from conscious to unconscious?

submitted by /u/impeesa75
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Will we get color images from the James Webb Space Telescope?

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 06:44 AM PDT

So far the only images we've seen are from calibration and they're monochromatic. Does JWST have different filters or sensors for different wavelengths of light that can be combined to generate a color or false color image?

submitted by /u/baseketball
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Why does adding a single extra oxygen atom to H20, which is something we need to survive and drink daily, suddenly causes it to become extremely toxic to even breathe? (H202)

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 05:37 AM PDT

Do creatures surviving (or thriving) on radioactivity have any basis in reality outside of fiction? (example: godzilla, fallout ghouls)

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 12:29 AM PDT

This probably sounds pretty stupid but...I mean, you hear it enough times, you have to wonder, right? I mean forgive me if I'm oversimplifying or misinformed but I was told that radiation was a wave of matter-scrambling anti-life that fucks your DNA. Alot of media treats it like a poisonous gas that certain life can acclimate to. Is there even a purely hypothetical life form that could actually make any of that a positive?

submitted by /u/D3wdr0p
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Are there studies showing the impact of anti-COVID vaccination attitudes on vaccination rates against other diseases?

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 06:34 AM PDT

Have those who are against the COVID vaccines also turned against other vaccines they used to get without hesitation?

submitted by /u/hwc000000
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Can very weird gravity field create any kind of trajectory? If not, which kind of curves can be trajectories?

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 05:06 AM PDT

More specifically, given the Newtonian law of gravity (force in m/r2) and an arbitrary 3D curve, can I construct a static mass field in which this curve is a trajectory?

First thoughts: Obviously, one can think of non trivial curves that work, but not all curves satisfy this condition (at least they have to be continuous and have some regularity, I would assume), then my question is what does the family of said curves look like?

In more mathematic words, what is the set of solutions to equations of the form:

d2x/dt2 = integral_space ( M(r)/(r-x)2 dr)

Let's say M>=0, is static, and can include Diracs (or not?).

It's like solutions to the heat equation all can be expressed in a similar form. What does solutions to the gravity equation look like?

The question came to me when walking this morning and has bothered me since… happy to hear people's perspective on this.

submitted by /u/JustaCitizenofEarth
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Does the vestibular system HAVE to be located on the sides of your head?

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 04:28 AM PDT

Is there any reason why it has to be located by the ears, or could it be located elsewhere on the face/body to accurately judge movement and direction?

submitted by /u/justkidding1043
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Energy can be neither created or destroyed. All enegry in the universe has been present since the big bang. In our bodies enegy is turned into to ATP for us to use. The sun stores and emits massive amounts of energy. My question is on a fundamental level, what is energy?

Posted: 28 Apr 2022 10:44 PM PDT

Do we normally get exposure to the flu even when we don't catch it?

Posted: 28 Apr 2022 04:24 PM PDT

The title isn't great so I will try to explain better here. In Australia we have had basically no flu for the last two years. They are worried that this year will be a bad season, particularly for young children under the age of two who have had no exposure to it before.

But normally we only get flu every several years anyway, so I'm just wondering by that do they mean that there is just a larger number of people who haven't caught it and are therefore vulnerable to it, or does having it in the community give us low levels of exposure to it normally? (Enough to give us some protection to it.) Meaning all those young children are more vulnerable to it.

Hope that makes sense.

submitted by /u/778899456
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Can cysts be contagious?

Posted: 28 Apr 2022 08:45 PM PDT

I got a pilonidal cyst / abscess about a month ago. I was prescribed antibiotics, and it went away.

This week, my girlfriend got one. I can't imagine it's "contagious," but maybe caused by similar environmental factors—however, we don't live together, work together, etc.

Could this just be a coincidence?

submitted by /u/15ItemsOrLess
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What happens to radio waves when reflected/bounced to other paths?

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 12:19 AM PDT

I'm interested to learn how radio transmission works. In network transmission specifically when data is being carried by Internet Protocol, the packet will traverse every router until the packet arrives at the destination host. I read that radio waves bounces. Does that mean that some radio waves that were transmitted by a radio transmitter will never land on the receiver? If that's the case, radio transmission is a best-effort delivery like UDP protocol. It just transmits and transmits and whatever is received by receiver, it gets decapsulated.

submitted by /u/Oxffff0000
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Biochemists! Is there any reason phytol (the tail of chlorophyll) is almost completely saturated?

Posted: 28 Apr 2022 07:06 PM PDT

Supposedly the biosynthesis of this molecule involves isoprene, a monomer of natural rubber, but even polyisoprene molecules have a lot of double-bonds. What am I missing? Sorry in advance if this is a dumb question.

submitted by /u/Billiam_Ball
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Does hypovolemia cause metabolic acidosis or alkalosis?

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 03:10 AM PDT

I read that shock causes metabolic acidosis because decreased perfusion causes a switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism causing lactic acidosis. But I also read that volume contraction causes "contraction alkalosis" because of the increased aldosterone secreted to compensate for volume loss, which causes increased H+ secretion with subsequent metabolic alkalosis. And so, does hypovolemia cause acidosis or alkalosis or does it depend on the situation?

I am not sure if this explanation is correct:

- if the hypovolemia was severe enough to compromise perfusion to organs -> lactic acidosis (metabolic acidosis)

- if there is hypovolemia but perfusion to tissues is still adequate -> metabolic alkalosis

Am I thinking of this correctly?

submitted by /u/MedSJO
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Why do we push so much on saving water?

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 01:42 AM PDT

I get that is important, but isn't water "easily" cleanable compared to other resources? In all the processes we use water it doesn't get transformed like gas that burns and disappears, it just gets dirty, so why is it so important to save water if it doesn't actually get lost after most processes?

submitted by /u/FederLa
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How did the extended mandibular symphysis evolve in separate species?

Posted: 29 Apr 2022 04:19 AM PDT

Barbourofelis and Thylacosmilus are two unrelated extinct mammalian predators, with the former being a feliform placental mammal and the latter being a marsupial. Despite that, along with their saber-teeth, the two have also convergently evolved extended mandibular symphyses. How did the adaptation arise in the two respective lineages, what evolutionary advantage did it provide, and why isn't it more common in other saber-toothed animals?

submitted by /u/bigasshuntsmanspider
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How is tuberculosis actually transmitted? I've been searching for quite a while now but cannot find a "definitive" answer.

Posted: 28 Apr 2022 02:29 PM PDT

I haven't got into the academic/medical journal but from websites like who, cdc, nhs etc. it is stated that it can only be transmitted through the air when the person that got TB talks with another person. CDC even stated it cannot spread by kissing (hhmm what??) it just doesn't make sense to me that this bacteria can survive months outside the human body but it cannot spread by kissing? can it spread through food if the food is prepared by an infected person, or perhaps by using utensils handled by an infected person? if the bacteria can survives months outside the human body, isn't it only logical that it can spread through food, utensils and surfaces too? and close contact like kissing?

Thank you in advance

submitted by /u/Stoicamphora
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Does the mass trade of foods like fruits and vegetables between different areas change their soils and hydrology?

Posted: 28 Apr 2022 12:17 PM PDT

So I had this thought while eating an imported cucumber from Spain today. Since it's grown in spanish soil, it absorbs nutrients and water from the local soil. When I consume it in Germany, the remains presumably don't make it back to Spain, but stay in Germany after making their way through the local sewage system and a water treatment plant.

So if large numbers of foods are exported from Spain to other places over long periods of time, could that lead to a depletion of soils and water ressources in Spain? And does that increase the amount of water and other things elsewhere? Or is the total amount transported just too small to be significant and measurable?

submitted by /u/chemistry_jokes47
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When making bread is there a difference between using more yeast and just letting the dough sit for longer?

Posted: 28 Apr 2022 11:21 AM PDT

So I do a no knead bread that involves letting the bread ferment for a long time, 2 - 5 days in the fridge. Is the yeast multiplying when I do this? Would it be the same if I used twice as much yeast and let it sit for, say, half the time? What about half as much for twice the time?

submitted by /u/Flopsey
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Two cars, totally identical in every way, both hit a brick wall at 50 mph. Car one had been accelerating from 0mph at the moment of impact and car two had been decelerating from 100mph at the moment of impact. Does one car hit the wall with more force that the other?

Posted: 28 Apr 2022 09:55 PM PDT

Of the infectious diseases that were the leading causes of death in the 1850s, which ones are now easily curable and which are still dangerous?

Posted: 28 Apr 2022 11:14 AM PDT

I found this display at a science museum in San Diego which showed the leading causes of death in 1850, all infectious diseases. If I (a 20-something woman with normal medical history) were diagnosed with any of these tomorrow morning, will I survive and/or be cured? Which of theses diseases are still a real threat?

  1. Tuberculosis
  2. Dysentery/diarrhea
  3. Cholera
  4. Malaria
  5. Typhoid Fever
  6. Pneumonia
  7. Diphtheria
  8. Scarlet Fever
  9. Meningitis
  10. Whooping Cough
submitted by /u/avalon-girl5
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