Why is a swab required to be inserted deep into your nasal cavity to determine a positive or negative covid case, yet it can be spread merely by speaking too close to somebody? | AskScience Blog

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Tuesday, July 7, 2020

Why is a swab required to be inserted deep into your nasal cavity to determine a positive or negative covid case, yet it can be spread merely by speaking too close to somebody?

Why is a swab required to be inserted deep into your nasal cavity to determine a positive or negative covid case, yet it can be spread merely by speaking too close to somebody?


Why is a swab required to be inserted deep into your nasal cavity to determine a positive or negative covid case, yet it can be spread merely by speaking too close to somebody?

Posted: 06 Jul 2020 08:43 AM PDT

If very small transistors, like those in modern processors, were used as analog devices, would they have limited number of discrete steps based on the number of atoms in the gate?

Posted: 07 Jul 2020 05:25 AM PDT

I read that a 14nm transistor is only 67 atoms across, would that limit the resolution?

submitted by /u/DeFex
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How does blackbody radiation work?

Posted: 07 Jul 2020 05:46 AM PDT

I'm clearly stuck with some misconceptions about how blackbody radiation works, but am having trouble figuring out where my thinking is wrong. (This is not a question about uv catastrophe.) I'll try to trace my line of thinking below and would appreciate anybody pointing out my misunderstandings.

  1. When a blackbody absorbs electromagnetic radiation how that energy gets absorbed depends entirely on the radiation's frequency. Some frequencies cause molecular vibrations, rotations, bending...other specific frequencies cause election excitation.

  2. When the object reaches thermal equilibrium (determined by the absorption of frequencies causing various vibrations), it begins to emit energy to maintain an equilibrium. It emits energy both through heat and light. The light is due to only the relaxation of elections to lower energy states. This means the emitted light is only "returning" the radiation in various frequencies that went into electron excitation - not the radiation that caused vibrations.

  3. If (and that's a big if) the above is an appropriate way of describing it, it seems as though backbodies should not emit continuous spectra, but line spectra instead. I want to justify this by saying there are so many interactions in a solid that weird stuff happens with the orbitals and energy levels so there's nearly an infinite number of possible states for excited electrons. This would imply zooming enough, the continuous spectrum would actually look like a line spectrum (I know, blackbodies are an idealized situation anyway).

  4. An overarching concept: Is ALL light attributed the excitation/relaxation of electrons?

Hopefully that articulated something about what I'm trying to understand...

Thanks y'all.

submitted by /u/AsaKlubs
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If 4 out of the 7 known coronavirus types cause the common cold, then is it likely that when those 4 types first infected humans, they caused pandemics similar to COVID-19 before becoming less lethal over time?

Posted: 06 Jul 2020 10:02 PM PDT

Interested in finding out whether we know where those older common cold coronavirus types came from, and whether they could reveal how COVID-19 will end up as the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to mutate in the future.

submitted by /u/TCTriangle
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What would happen to forests if there were no wildfires?

Posted: 07 Jul 2020 03:48 AM PDT

Does the sample size of different test groups in an experiment have an impact on the outcome of the experiment, in a medical trial?

Posted: 06 Jul 2020 11:04 PM PDT

I was reading through a journal that was testing the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin for treating Covid-19, and noticed that the control group (neither hydroxychloroquine or azithromycin) consisted of 409 subjects. In contrast to this, the hydroxychloroquine group had 1202 subjects.

Is there any concern for the fact that the hydroxy group is ~3 times larger than the control group? How does this effect a medical study, if at all?

The journal: https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(20)30534-8/fulltext

submitted by /u/Surpex
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Is abundance of near planet surface metals abundant or rare in the universe?

Posted: 06 Jul 2020 09:29 PM PDT

If the theory is true about the moon being created by a collision between Earth and a Mars-sized planet, could this also have stirred up metals to the surface of Earth? Making them available for technological advances?

If so, this could also be part of The Great Filter. Or is lava convection always going to bring up metals to the surface in Earth-like planets?

submitted by /u/nuke-from-orbit
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Do aquatic mammals drink water while swimming?

Posted: 07 Jul 2020 01:36 AM PDT

Why do bug bites itch?

Posted: 07 Jul 2020 06:36 AM PDT

How does PCR, a process used to amplify DNA, test for COVID-19?

Posted: 07 Jul 2020 02:28 AM PDT

How many electrons are used in graphene sigma bonds?

Posted: 07 Jul 2020 05:40 AM PDT

Three sp2 electrons per atom are used in sigma bonding, but each atom has 2 single and 1 double bond requiring four electrons.

Where does the extra electron come from?

submitted by /u/pag32
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Is there an equivalent to rust for plastic?

Posted: 06 Jul 2020 05:56 PM PDT

Is there any risk of covid reinfection causing cytokine storms, thus killing people?

Posted: 06 Jul 2020 02:44 PM PDT

Early on in China there were numerous examples of people walking or working, dropping dead on the spot. It was believed that maybe an immune response caused a cytokine storm due to SARS antibodies.

What happened to this theory?

Is there risk that corona could do this?

submitted by /u/GodOfTheThunder
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Are the common cold viruses really that mild or did we just never really bothered studying/tracking them?

Posted: 06 Jul 2020 05:53 PM PDT

Are the common cold viruses really that mild or did we just never really bothered studying/tracking them?

There are a few viruses causing the cold each year, some have the potential to cause more severe illness. However, there are no death rates, nothing much really mentioned about each,

submitted by /u/nilaul
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When x-rays are attenuated, what does that actually mean?

Posted: 06 Jul 2020 08:20 PM PDT

I googled that it means REDUCED IN ENERGY. But, this didn't help me much. I know bone attenuates more than air, but does this mean that the x-rays are ABSORBED by the bone more than they are by air? My textbook says that certain areas on a film will appear darker, because they were exposed to x-rays more.

I am new to this stuff. Please help. Thank you.

submitted by /u/lolomghelp
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Does improving certain mental abilities limit others similar to how physical abilities do?

Posted: 06 Jul 2020 10:29 PM PDT

A professional marathon runner is never going to be the weightlifting world champion, but is a professional chess player limited at language learning for example?

I hope the flair fits.

submitted by /u/loloman333
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Can electricity flowing through C4 set it off?

Posted: 06 Jul 2020 12:43 PM PDT

How do scientists estimate how long an extinct species lived?

Posted: 06 Jul 2020 01:55 PM PDT

For example, H. erectus is said to have lived between 1.89 million and 110,000 years ago (thus the species survived for more than 1 million years)

H. neanderthalensis is said to have lived between 400,000 - 40,000 years ago (thus their species lived for about 350 ky).

How exactly do we know how long their species survived?

submitted by /u/JSBach1995
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How do epidemiologists study viral transmission rates under various conditions?

Posted: 06 Jul 2020 03:16 PM PDT

I'm unclear about how viral transmission rates can be accurately studied mostly because it seems difficult for people to report exactly how they contracted a virus. Not saying I'm doubting them, just wondering how they do it.

Is it simply based on self-report? For example, Covid seems to be quite difficult to transmit outdoors with appropriate precautions. There was a study done in Wuhan that showed out of thousands of Covid contractions, only one occurred outdoors - how are they able to estimate that? How is it that we know that those who contracted it did so at whatever indoor event rather than some random outdoor interaction?

submitted by /u/NPDoc
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Since there are always new land masses being formed in the ocean, will the earth after billions of years become predominantly land?

Posted: 06 Jul 2020 09:49 AM PDT

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