When we visit other moons or planets in the search of life, how do avoid bringing bacteria or other microorganisms with us? | AskScience Blog

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Wednesday, July 29, 2020

When we visit other moons or planets in the search of life, how do avoid bringing bacteria or other microorganisms with us?

When we visit other moons or planets in the search of life, how do avoid bringing bacteria or other microorganisms with us?


When we visit other moons or planets in the search of life, how do avoid bringing bacteria or other microorganisms with us?

Posted: 28 Jul 2020 01:54 PM PDT

What if we do, and the microorganisms essentially become invasive species?

If thats the case, then how would we tell the difference between an organism from Earth and an organism that had its origins on the celestial body we're studying?

submitted by /u/Si_Ra_Pi
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What is the ISS minimal crew?

Posted: 29 Jul 2020 06:08 AM PDT

Can we keep the ISS in orbit without anyone in it? Does it need a minimum member of people on board in order to maintain it?

submitted by /u/Tartiflesh
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When alcohol evaporates, does it leave any residue?

Posted: 29 Jul 2020 04:28 AM PDT

If i make 96% edible alcohol evaporate from an herbal extract, will the remaining dry residue be free from alcohol, or does alcohol leave something behind when it evaporates?

submitted by /u/Teriose
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AskScience AMA Series: Happy Global Tiger Day! We are big cat conservation experts - ask us anything!

Posted: 29 Jul 2020 04:00 AM PDT

The tiger is one of the most iconic animals on earth, but the largest of the big cats is on the brink of extinction. There are only about 3,900 tigers left in the wild, compared to the nearly 100,000 that roamed a century ago. This catastrophic population decline is driven by a variety of threats, including the illegal wildlife trade, overhunting of tiger prey, conflict with people and habitat loss and fragmentation.

In a new short film by PBS Nature, you can learn about the state of tigers and conservation efforts on the species' behalf by the Wildlife Conservation Society and Panthera. Watch "Tigers: Clawing Back" here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_lxlYo4MEXM&t

Today's AMA participants:

We'll be here at 1 pm ET (17 UT) to answer anything you want to know about tigers and tiger conservation!

Usernames: AlexandraTVarga, luketbhunter

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Why does fission produce harmful radiation but fusion does not?

Posted: 28 Jul 2020 08:32 PM PDT

I read about the possibility of a "clean" nuclear weapon that uses only fusion (and not a two-stage reaction with fission and fusion), but I was left wondering why fission releases long-term radiation, but fusion doesn't.

Cheers!

submitted by /u/MadeasKingdom
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What physically enables USB’s speed increase between generations?

Posted: 28 Jul 2020 11:18 PM PDT

Each new standard seams to double the theoretical maximum transfer speed, yet they aren't adding new lanes each time. What enables this increase?

submitted by /u/orsikbattlehammer
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 29 Jul 2020 08:09 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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How Likely is it that COVID could have disastrous long term health effects?

Posted: 28 Jul 2020 11:35 PM PDT

I've been browsing Reddit lately and it seems there is a lot of doom and gloom surrounding the virus and with so much unknown it's hard to get a concrete answer, and I know we won't get one for a while. However, from looking at profiles of the first recovered patients (virus has been around for almost 9 months now) and from it's related family of coronaviruses, how likely is it that this virus would have permanent damage to one's body in the case of mild or asymptomatic cases?

There are a lot of people on Reddit preaching that this virus will leave you disabled or significantly lower your quality and life expectancy even if you get a mild case.

From the available evidence, how is it looking so far?

submitted by /u/REVERSEZOOM2
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Have any viruses evolved to self-replicate?

Posted: 29 Jul 2020 02:26 AM PDT

I know a lot of people suggest viruses evolved from bacterial cells that lost certain functions. Has the reverse ever been noted?

submitted by /u/Spaceman9800
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Do viruses stay in the human body forever after symptoms stop?

Posted: 29 Jul 2020 01:42 AM PDT

I don't remember where I had heard it from but I thought that it was impossible to get rid of all individual viruses from a body even after symptoms have stopped and the person has recovered. Is it true that all viruses stick around in the body for the rest of our lives after we've contracted it, just in very small, undetectable quantities?

submitted by /u/ifimnotdrowning
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How does moisture/liquid detection works in phones?

Posted: 29 Jul 2020 05:21 AM PDT

Most moisture detection devices are pretty huge, How does phone knows there is moisture or water in usb port with such form factor?

submitted by /u/MrDuckRocks
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What is the current deal with hydroxychloroquine around the world? Should it still be used or do the negatives overweight the positives?

Posted: 29 Jul 2020 02:26 AM PDT

What is the time difference between apparent sunset and actual sunset (at the equator)?

Posted: 28 Jul 2020 09:55 PM PDT

Apparent sunset vs. actual sunset:

Apparent sunset: When the sun goes down the horizon for an observer.

Actual sunset: When the sun actually goes down below the horizon.

I know that sun light takes around 8 and a half minutes to reach the earth. Recently I learnt from watching a video by Dr. Tyson in StarTalk episode that there is also the effect of refraction. I never realized that the refraction would huge impact. Now he casually mentions that the sun has already set 5 minutes back and that is due to refraction. Now this is what confuses me is the time difference 8 1/2 + 5 minutes or is it just 5 minutes? It seems to me that it should at least be 8 and 1/2 minutes because refraction is adding to the delay.

Searching the web has me even more confused. When I search for difference between apparent and actual sunset it's only the refraction that they talk about and not the speed of light. In several websites it's mentioned that we say the sunset after about 2 minutes after the sun has actually sunset.

Now I understand that the effect of refraction can vary at different latitudes, and with varying atmospheric conditions. But I am very confused about the net time difference. I am surprised that a web search didn't give me concrete answers, or maybe I am not looking at right resources, or having difficulty in understanding basic concepts. This seems to be like a basic science question not sure how I am getting it all messed up.

submitted by /u/GoluDholu
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Do tetrachromats like birds see more non-specral colors? Does it take more than a 2D shape to model their color vision?

Posted: 28 Jul 2020 03:06 PM PDT

This is a question about color perception in animals that have more than three types of cone.

I'm a bit of a geek about color perception and color theory. So, if you study this, you are more than familiar with how Magenta is a non-spectral color. It's not fundamentally different from how our brains perceive colors between red and green, and between green and blue. It's just a weird artifact of the way our biology and neurology are wired, that we perceive this color that doesn't key to a specific wavelength of light.

As a result of our brains making these interpolations between three points of data, the list of perceivable hues can be modeled as a closed two-dimensional shape.

So I got to thinking about tetrachromats, like many species of bird. Using the example of a creature that has cones for red, green, blue, and ultraviolet light. There are a lot more possible non-spectral combinations of cones than in a trichromat! I think I count five (RB, GU, RU, RBU, RGU), and this suggests to me that a tetrachromat could see a whole host of non-spectral colors, leading to a much more complex color space that you couldn't model with a 2D shape.

We obviously can't read a creature's mind to know what colors it sees that our brains can't comprehend, but has any research been done to determine if tetrachromat animals can actually perceive and distinguish these extra non-spectral colors?

submitted by /u/Krail
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From my five year old, what do bomber worms eat?

Posted: 28 Jul 2020 11:03 AM PDT

Brought to you by Octonauts and their episode on bomber worms. Google tells me they were relatively recently identified (2010) so maybe we don't know exactly what they eat but what do other similar types of worms that live in the sea eat?

submitted by /u/beedleblorp
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How does yeast survive inside the packet?

Posted: 28 Jul 2020 10:35 AM PDT

Yesterday I was making bagels and realized the yeast I was using was easily a couple years old (not expired, don't worry). That led to me wondering how it lives in that little paper packet for so long. Presumably it needs to eat, and then it makes carbon dioxide as waste too, so do the manufacturers put a food source in there or something?

submitted by /u/comeonvirginia
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