- We are Professor Tim Lenton and Dr Damien Mansell from the University of Exeter and we're about to launch our free global climate change course. Ask us anything about Climate Change, from challenges to solutions!
- How come the voltage drop across two parallel resistors on a circuit is the same even if the resistors have different resistances?
- If our universe is expanding at certain rate which started at the time of The Big Bang approx 13.8 billion lightyears ago with current radius of 46.6 billion lightyears, what is causing this expansion?
- Why do we need a quadrupole "oscillation" to get gravitational waves, but a dipole for electromagnetic waves?
- Why is water reflective even though it is transparent?
- Are the antibodies used in ELISA diagnostic tools monoclonal or not? How are these antibodies produced in the industrial scale?
- Do all animals have REM cycles when they sleep?
- Could a computer generate a truly random number using copy errors?
- I grok elements; the number of protons determines the electron field, which determines interaction with other elements. The periodic table is just a chart of electron fields. Is there anything on this level of simplicity about sub-atomic particles? I can't get my head around "exchanging bosons" etc.
- [Physics] Is there process where entropy does not change? Or at least close to nound change?
- What causes retention of methyl groups between generations?
- What's the largest stable atom you could or has been created (i.e. theoretical or actual) out of just protons and electrons?
- What's the tensile strength of the human intestine?
- Why did inflation happen in the early universe? Do we have any idea what triggered it?
- How are the instructions and language for a processor designed?
- Are we only detecting gamma ray bursts pointed at us?
- If a transmit at a constant RF power from a circularly polarized antenna, how would you describe the behavior in terms of photons?
- How do man made filters compare to the kidneys and livers of healthy humans?
| Posted: 19 Jan 2017 04:00 AM PST We are Professor Tim Lenton and Dr Damien Mansell from the University of Exeter and today we're joined by a few of our student facilitators to answer your questions about Climate Change. We've designed a free online course, 'Climate Change: Challenges and Solutions' to show you some of the science behind Climate Change, present the challenges and identify potential solutions to these global problems. Today we want to open this up to r/askscience, so please ask us anything about Climate Change! Professor Tim Lenton is actively researching tipping points in the Earth system, especially the Climate system, and identifying early warning signs for them. He is also studying the revolutionary transformations of the Earth System, including the co-evolution of life and the planet. Dr Damien Mansell's principal research interests include the calving processes of tidewater-terminating glaciers, glacier surges, cryosphere instabilities and remote sensing for glaciological applications. His teaching specialises in GIS and remote sensing techniques and understanding the cryosphere. We'll be on starting at 4pm UK time (11 AM ET)! [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 18 Jan 2017 06:28 PM PST |
| Posted: 18 Jan 2017 12:41 PM PST Consider this as a follow-up question to /r/askscience/comments/5omsce/if_we_cannot_receive_light_from_objects_more_than posted by /u/CodeReaper regarding expansion of the universe. Best example that I've had so far are expansion of bread dough and expansion of the balloon w.r.t. how objects are moving away from each other. However, in all these scenarios there's constant energy applied i.e in case of bread dough the fermentation (or respective chemical reactions), in case of baloon some form of pump. What is this pump in case of universe which is facilitating the expansion? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 18 Jan 2017 06:52 AM PST I was told that this is the case and I don't know where to start to untangle why. [link] [comments]  |
| Why is water reflective even though it is transparent? Posted: 19 Jan 2017 04:56 AM PST |
| Posted: 19 Jan 2017 06:55 AM PST I would guess that the antibodies used in ELISA diagnostic tools are monoclonal for consistent results. Are these antibodies produced by mammalian cells or microbial cells (e.g. yeasts)? What are the major companies that produce these antibodies? [link] [comments]  |
| Do all animals have REM cycles when they sleep? Posted: 19 Jan 2017 05:29 AM PST |
| Could a computer generate a truly random number using copy errors? Posted: 19 Jan 2017 06:43 AM PST Suppose we had a binary file and copied it continuously until a copy error caused the checksum to fail. If we used the resulting binary as a seed to generate a random number by traditional means, could we consider the result to be truly random rather than pseudo-random? By using worse hardware or bombarding the RAM with EM radiation, we could set the error rate to be arbitrarily large. [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 18 Jan 2017 04:13 PM PST |
| [Physics] Is there process where entropy does not change? Or at least close to nound change? Posted: 19 Jan 2017 05:19 AM PST |
| What causes retention of methyl groups between generations? Posted: 18 Jan 2017 03:02 PM PST I'm curious if the removal of methyl groups in meiosis happens randomly, or if there is a known pattern to it. From what I gather, most methyl groups are removed from the DNA in meoisis, however some are retained and as such are passed on to the offspring. Since methyl groups are acquired, this leads to a weakly heritable set of traits which is acquired, which is very interesting. However methyl groups and other epigenetic modifications also control cell differentiation, as I understand it, and those modifications seem to be uniformly removed. Are epigenetic modifications removed through a random process, or are they all removed in some areas and retained in others (according to some pattern)? I ask about methylation, but I suppose the same question could be asked about histone winding as well. [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 18 Jan 2017 08:07 AM PST |
| What's the tensile strength of the human intestine? Posted: 18 Jan 2017 04:46 PM PST |
| Why did inflation happen in the early universe? Do we have any idea what triggered it? Posted: 18 Jan 2017 12:14 PM PST |
| How are the instructions and language for a processor designed? Posted: 18 Jan 2017 01:12 PM PST So I've done a lot of research on the subject, but still don't quite understand it. I've been studying Electrical Engineering in college, and understand how transistors are fabricated from silicon (the entire process, lithography, etc), I also understand how logic gates are created and how they can be put together to make full adders and such. I've also taken programming classes for both high (Swift, Java) and low level (Assembly, C) languages. I've programmed micro controllers. At every turn, however, I still have not fully understood the bridge between software and hardware. Whenever people talk about how to make your own OS, for example, it always revolves around using a pre-existing software to do the work for you, and to code things in a high level language. I want to actually understand, how, physically, an ADD or MOV instruction is programmed. I've seen tutorials on how to build your own computer from scratch, and it seemed that people were choosing specific bit patterns for opcode to their liking. How is that possible? When processor fabricators choose 0xF1-0xF7 as the opcode for a MOV, how do they physically enforce that? Do they physically wire everything so that these specific patterns work for a bit sequence? In said tutorials, it seemed that picking the bit sequences were done after wiring, so is it something that can be chosen? Please help me understand how one goes from the gate level to the assembly language level, if possible, which bridges through the instruction set. EE centered explanations welcomed! [link] [comments]  |
| Are we only detecting gamma ray bursts pointed at us? Posted: 18 Jan 2017 03:50 PM PST I've recently read a number of articles on GRBs and watched some documentaries. I completely understand that there is a directionality to them, that the spin of the collapsing star ultimately results in something vaguely like a "pinched donut" sort of effect as the matter compresses so that consistently exactly two jets are ejected, one from each pole, that blast in a line (or a fairly narrow cone at any rate) outward. What I'm NOT clear on is, at this time, are we only detecting GRBs where we happen to be "in line" with one of the jets? Are we seeing these GRBs specifically because these ones happen to be pointed at us? Or are we seeing GRBs because the power emissions are so cosmically massive that even though we are NOT "sighted in" by one of the poles, simply the staggering power means that even of being aligned equatorially would still send enough energy our way to be seen? Apparently we detect a GRB every few days, so they are quite common. Which leads to my real question, is our situation more like: A) We are essentially out in the woods surrounded by a huge number of hunters with high-powered rifles. These hunters are drunk and firing completely randomly. They have no clue where they are shooting. Every few days we hear the sound of a gunshot, but it was fired away from us... or... B) There are even vastly more drunk hunters than that spread out over an even vaster distance that the first scenario. So guns are being fired all the time, but we only know about them because we actually get hit by a bullet, but we are fortunate that even though we are feeling a bullet hit us ever few days, they are from SO far away that they have lost almost all their power and just fall on us lightly by they time they arrive. All of this is really to ask: If a GRB happens "close" to us (in our galaxy or in a nearby galaxy) are we fried regardless of which direction the poles are pointed? Or only if the drunk hunter nearby happens to be pointing at us when he pulls the trigger? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 18 Jan 2017 10:10 AM PST Would it be a constant emission of circularly polarized photons? Or would it be a stream of photons with ever-changing polarizations? Or would the photons be more densely emitted at times when the current density is high in the antenna? (I forgot to say you are tansmitting a pure sine wave at a single frequency) If the photons would be constantly emitted and circularly polarized, then how could phase information be transmitted about the phase of the transmitting antenna? [link] [comments]  |
| How do man made filters compare to the kidneys and livers of healthy humans? Posted: 18 Jan 2017 02:37 PM PST So are kidneys better and filtering than artificial filters are? Are they about the same? How do the processes differ? [link] [comments]  |
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