Can birth defects be detected in eggs or sperm? | AskScience Blog

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Can birth defects be detected in eggs or sperm?

Can birth defects be detected in eggs or sperm?


Can birth defects be detected in eggs or sperm?

Posted: 20 Jan 2017 10:13 PM PST

Why flunitrazepam or benzodiazepines decrease delta wave activity (or time in slow wave sleep)? What are the first few studies discovering this fact?

Posted: 20 Jan 2017 06:50 PM PST

Dear friends and professionals on r/askscience:

The Wikipedia page of flunitrazepam states:

"Flunitrazepam produces a decrease in delta wave activity. The effect of benzodiazepine drugs on delta waves, however, may not be mediated via benzodiazepine receptors. Delta activity is an indicator of depth of sleep within non-REM sleep; increased levels of delta sleep reflects better quality of sleep. Thus, flunitrazepam and other benzodiazepines cause a deterioration in sleep quality."

But without noting what studies do these facts come from. I have putted "citation needed" tags on them. Could someone please answer me: Why flunitrazepam or benzodiazepines decrease delta wave activity (or time in slow wave sleep)? What are the first few studies discovering this fact?

submitted by /u/wiseschizo
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How were radio waves discovered?

Posted: 20 Jan 2017 05:59 PM PST

I've googled Maxwell's equations, but I don't understand it.

You would first have to understand electromagnetic waves, both in light and electricity, then expand the concept to conceive of, and include wavelengths that we have no means of perceiving.

How did the concept of waves come about from the experience of light and electricity? And how did it lead to theorizing and proving the existence of waves outside of those we can directly experience?

submitted by /u/KritiosMan
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When a photon redshifts, it's wavelength becomes larger, which corresponds to a lower photon-energy. What happens with this energy difference?

Posted: 21 Jan 2017 05:19 AM PST

Was the ground more fertile when the giant dinosaurs and other animals were around?

Posted: 20 Jan 2017 04:15 PM PST

I ask because larger animals have larger BMs. Since poop can be used as fertilizer, wouldn't more poop on the ground mean more fertile land?

submitted by /u/UppercaseVII
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Where does NASA get its old (e.g. 1884) climate data?

Posted: 20 Jan 2017 12:37 PM PST

Friend of mine contests that climate change data is invalid because of poor sampling technique and data collection.

One of his points of contention is that the old data was not reliable enough to cite, e.g. http://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/global-temperature/ has a chart of data from 1884.

I don't see on that page where that data is from or how it was gathered. Do others know?

submitted by /u/bnovc
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Is there a "universal speed limit" lower than the speed of light for an object of a given mass?

Posted: 20 Jan 2017 01:07 PM PST

Let's say there's a 100kg object traveling through space. Obviously it can't reach the speed of light because it has mass. But since we know its mass, do we know how fast it can go according to the laws of physics? Or could it theoretically reach 99.9999999% of c but just never quite reach c?

submitted by /u/graaahh
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If you flip a coin an infinite amount of times, will you also at some point have an infinite streak of heads?

Posted: 20 Jan 2017 08:41 AM PST

[Social Science] is there any evidence that publicly available databases for offenders, such as Megan's Law, have decreased incidents of said offenses?

Posted: 20 Jan 2017 12:57 PM PST

For anyone who doesn't know, in the U.S., people who commit a crime of a sexual nature against a minor are placed in a database for public viewing, which includes their residence and photograph, among other things (Megan's Law). My understanding is that this is a permanent thing and violators are not able to remove themselves from the database.

I recently heard that the federal gov't is presenting an idea for a similar database to Megan's Law for juveniles and adults who commit animal abuse crimes, so I wondered how effective it would actually be.

submitted by /u/teamchuckles
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How much iron is required to stop the sun's fusion process?

Posted: 20 Jan 2017 04:43 PM PST

The Colour Force gets infinitely strong at a distance - so how are we breaking apart protons at the LHC?

Posted: 20 Jan 2017 02:09 PM PST

So I definitely am missing something - I was under the impression that the colour force holding quarks together gets infinitely strong as distance increases.

If this is true - are we 'breaking' protons in the LHC? If so, how?

Or are the protons 'healed' from other particles popping into existence from the vacuum?

Someone tried to explain this to me but I got very lost.

Thanks!

submitted by /u/ohmscience
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If all of a female's eggs are created while she is still in utero, why does the probability of having a child with a chromosomal abnormality (like Down's syndrome) rise with age?

Posted: 20 Jan 2017 02:43 PM PST

How does medicine/antibiotics know how to "attack" and "who" to "attack"?

Posted: 20 Jan 2017 03:19 PM PST

How does The Sun have more than 4.6 billion years of fuel?

Posted: 20 Jan 2017 10:46 AM PST

I'm having a "glitch in the Matrix" moment. What I believe are facts:

  • The Sun continually burns through a fuel source that is itself

  • Although it's very big, so is its "burn". It sends Earth enough "heat" to create our climate. I think Earth is apx 100 times the Sun's diameter away -- so, it's like standing in absolute zero, 100M from a fireball that's 1 metre across and being significantly heated. I.e., the output is beyond the scale of normal human experience.

  • The Sun doesn't send its "heat" (or radiation) only in our particular direction. Any Earth-sized body 93 million miles from the sun would get an Earth-sized dose of "sunlight". That must mean its total "heat" in any moment is millions of times the heat we receive. I.e., while it's big, its "burn" is also big.

What I suddenly can't process is: not running out of fuel after 4 billion years.

I mean, if I just learned of the concept of a star -- a really gigantic ball of fire -- my instinct would be that they burn for perhaps 1,000 - 10,000 years before running out of fuel. I'd be surprised at 1 million years. Burning fuel for 5 billion years, and still going strong ... how can that happen?

Did it shrink?

submitted by /u/Biuku
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Are there any gasses with negative GHP? (green house potential)

Posted: 20 Jan 2017 01:54 PM PST

I've seen that sulfur hexafouride has a GHP of 22600 times the GHP of CO2.

I would like to tally up the current greenhouse effect, but it occurred to me that we may also be emitting gasses that have a negative greenhouse effect and that I would need to take these into account for an accurate result.

Thank you.

submitted by /u/uber_kerbonaut
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Concerning the simultaneity paradox of relativity in the "train and lightning" example - Suppose the train has batteries in front and back of the train that dictate if it stops or goes if struck by lightning. Does the train stop running? Clarification in post.

Posted: 20 Jan 2017 10:41 AM PST

Here is a video of the simultaneity paradox I am referencing. Someone standing still on a platform while watching a train pass by at close to c sees and concludes that two bolts of lightning strike the front and back of the train at the same time. Due to the fact that an observer inside the train perceives light's speed as constant regardless of direction of travel, she sees and concludes that the bolt of lightning hit the front of the train before the back of it. The order of events are different to both observers, yet both are correct for their respecitve reference frames.

So here is my thought experiment. Suppose there is a battery at the front and rear of the train. If the front battery is struck, the train keeps going (even if both are struck at the same time). If the rear battery is struck, the train stops.

Okay, so the observer standing still on the platform sees two bolts of lightning hit both batteries on the train. Since the front battery was hit, and this battery keeps the train going when struck with a bolt, the train keeps running regardless of the fact that the rear battery was struck.

However, an observer inside the moving train perceives the front battery being hit first, and then the rear battery being hit second. The front battery gets struck, so the train keeps running. But then the rear battery was hit alone, so the train must stop.

So what happens when lighting strikes both batteries - Does the train stop or not? How does each person perceive this? How do we reconcile this?

submitted by /u/AlbanianDad
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Why do some babies learn to walk or run faster than others? What is that indicative of?

Posted: 20 Jan 2017 10:26 AM PST

Why does friction cause heat?

Posted: 20 Jan 2017 01:43 PM PST

Could there be enough tectonic plate activity since the last interglacial period to make a 6-9 meter difference in sea depth or is tectonic plate activity too slow compared to glacial/interglacial periods?

Posted: 20 Jan 2017 05:22 AM PST

I saw that sea levels were 6-9 meters higher during the last interglacial period on a recent Science post. Is there a way to tell whether the change was due solely to melted ice and higher temperatures or is it possible that tectonic activity changes the height of land masses & depth of oceans to the extent that the geologic record indicates sea levels higher than we'd expect with todays tectonic plate arrangement? This is definitely the case for sea beds from dinosaur days now being dry land. Could there be enough tectonic plate activity since the last interglacial period to make a difference or is tectonic plate activity too slow compared to glacial/interglacial periods?

submitted by /u/a5121221a
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What is the. Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle?

Posted: 20 Jan 2017 07:10 AM PST

I read the explanation on Wikipedia, but I don't think I understand. Why does it get harder to determine location as you determine momentum?

submitted by /u/forte_bass
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In mammals, what determines the average number of babies born during one pregnancy?

Posted: 20 Jan 2017 01:59 PM PST

Mammals like cats and dogs produce several babies while humans, on an average, produce only one baby during a pregnancy.

submitted by /u/oswaldthatendswell
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Can someone please explain what "clean coal" technology entails?

Posted: 20 Jan 2017 05:21 PM PST

The new white house page on energy says:

The Trump Administration is also committed to clean coal technology, and to reviving America's coal industry, which has been hurting for too long.

What do they mean by "clean coal" technology, and how will it impact our environment?

submitted by /u/Jehovacoin
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