Why does our immune system need one or two injections to learn to fight a new threat and many injections to unlearn to fight a perceived threat (e.g. dust mite)? Thanks | AskScience Blog

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Why does our immune system need one or two injections to learn to fight a new threat and many injections to unlearn to fight a perceived threat (e.g. dust mite)? Thanks

Why does our immune system need one or two injections to learn to fight a new threat and many injections to unlearn to fight a perceived threat (e.g. dust mite)? Thanks


Why does our immune system need one or two injections to learn to fight a new threat and many injections to unlearn to fight a perceived threat (e.g. dust mite)? Thanks

Posted: 19 Mar 2021 12:00 PM PDT

Could thorium reactors be used to recycle waste from currently used nuclear reactors?

Posted: 19 Mar 2021 12:27 PM PDT

I fell in love with general concept of thorium-based nuclear reactors, which promise cleaner, cheaper and much safer nuclear energy, thanks to thorium being fertile, not fissile like uranium or plutonium. If I understand it correctly, for such reactor to start its cycles, there needs to be a small amount of fissile materials.

But does it have to be a specific isotope, or can it use at least some of byproducts from currently used nuclear reactors, materials that are unusable for them, but still fisile and radioactive?

submitted by /u/mardabx
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How does the stomach regulate stomach acid while it exits into the intentional tract?

Posted: 19 Mar 2021 01:26 PM PDT

The stomach makes acid. Acid goes out with food.

How does the intestine deal with rate of incoming hydrochloric acid and how does the stomach generate this amount of acid?

More importantly, why do I not get HCL burns when pooping???

submitted by /u/trogfield
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Has there ever been a study of how children of parents with advanced degrees do at poor/mediocre/average schools in K12 compared to peers at highly ranked ones? If so, what were the results?

Posted: 19 Mar 2021 07:50 AM PDT

Why J&J only needs one dose?

Posted: 19 Mar 2021 11:23 PM PDT

Does anyone know what is the molecular / biochemical reasoning for J&J to work with only one dose? It's adenoviral competitors AstraZeneca and Sputnik V need two. J&J only needs one, meaning it must reach a stronger or more sustained immune response than any other vaccine currently being used. So what gives?

I've come up with a few ideas about it, however I haven't found any legit info that would answer this question...

Is there a higher dose in J&J? Or is it more stable and less prone to degradation after manufacturing? Or does the adenovirus enter cells more efficiently? Or are the intracellular mechanisms more efficient somehow? (transport/transcription/translation) Or is the DNA more stable? Or are the produced protein more stable than in the competitors' vaccines? Does it use any adjuvants to stimulate the immune response?

Any references that answer this question would be super-welcome!

submitted by /u/heymanki
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Assuming the universe is infinite, would that mean the universe was already infinite immediately after the big bang?

Posted: 19 Mar 2021 11:20 AM PDT

As I understand it, space isn't really a thing at the point of the big bang. So let's say, at a single unit of Planck time following the big bang, was the universe already infinitely large?

submitted by /u/jeffufuh
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What difference is there in neurotransmitter levels while you’re asleep?

Posted: 19 Mar 2021 03:32 PM PDT

are most plant species heterosporous or homosporous?

Posted: 19 Mar 2021 01:27 PM PDT

What percent of mental illnesses cannot be treated/managed?

Posted: 19 Mar 2021 10:27 AM PDT

Basically the title, what percent of mental illnesses cannot be reasonably treated or managed and are just too extreme for any kind of normal living or recovery?

submitted by /u/SnooOpinions6419
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What's the drug (or action) opposite of a NSAID? Is there anyway to cause inflammation / a stronger immune response?

Posted: 19 Mar 2021 01:15 PM PDT

Could the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protect against SARS?

Posted: 19 Mar 2021 01:59 PM PDT

How close can a ring be to a gas giant?

Posted: 19 Mar 2021 06:07 AM PDT

Could a really low density planet look like it has a ring attached to its atmosphere? Considering drag, could a situation like this be maintained for a while after the ring was formed?

submitted by /u/adnecrias
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Regarding the AstraZeneca/Oxford vaccine, why did they choose to administer two standard doses instead of going for one half dose followed by a standard dose?

Posted: 19 Mar 2021 10:20 AM PDT

Hello! I hope everyone is doing well.

I've been reading some articles and I'm slightly confused because from what I understand the the efficacy of a half dose followed by a "full dose" was 90% while two regular doses resulted in ≈ 60% success rate and I've seen people saying that this difference occurs due to the number of days between the first and second dose (apparently longer dose gap increases the vaccine's efficacy) and the half dose didn't really play a role in increasing the efficacy of the vaccine.

So my question is, why didn't they choose the half dose followed by a standard dose option anyway? It might not increase its efficacy but from what I understand it also doesn't lower it so using this "method" might lower the costs of each vaccine and it might increase vaccination rates since the first standard dose could be split between two people.

(I want to apologise in advance for my ignorance ahah)

submitted by /u/i00999
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Does the placebo effect work on non human animals?

Posted: 19 Mar 2021 04:13 AM PDT

Most interested in dogs but any animal besides humans will do.

submitted by /u/DaveSteel
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Can a fission explosion occur naturally?

Posted: 19 Mar 2021 05:35 AM PDT

I'm currently studying nuclear physics and was wondering if it's possible for a natural source of uranium 235 to have enough of that isotope to form a critical mass. I know it's usually around .7% but has there ever been a case where an unusual amount formed?

submitted by /u/AlextheGoose
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Is left ventricular diastolic dysfunction reversible?

Posted: 19 Mar 2021 03:48 AM PDT

Why do the two species in the genus Pan (Chimpanzees and Bonobos) have completely distinct names while every species in the genus Pongo are called Orangutans and every species in the genus Gorilla are called Gorillas?

Posted: 18 Mar 2021 11:10 PM PDT

I understand the technical name for Chimpanzees is Pan troglodytes and Bonobos is Pan paniscus, but I'm kinda confused why they're not both just collectively referred to as either Chimpanzees or Bonobos.

If every other great ape genus has each of it's species given a unifying name, why are they different?

submitted by /u/Francesco-Viola-III
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Do flounders have a dominant eye?

Posted: 18 Mar 2021 10:35 PM PDT

And if so, which one?

submitted by /u/GeorgieWashington
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Could the adult brain adjust to vertically oriented binocular vision?

Posted: 18 Mar 2021 10:37 PM PDT

I know about the famous upside-down glasses experiment, and that it doesn't work as well as commonly believed[1].

None the less, people are able to adapt and function in this state. Do you suppose, and is there any evidence, that people could adapt to images which came from cameras at the normal interocular distance, but one above the other instead of side by side?

This would require changing how the images in each eye overlap to form a single perceived image, stitching them together vertically instead of horizontally. Depth perception would also become based on vertical rather than horizontal differences in features found in both images.

http://wexler.free.fr/library/files/linden%20(1999)%20the%20myth%20of%20upright%20vision.%20a%20psychophysical%20and%20functional%20imaging%20study%20of%20adaptation%20to%20inverting%20spectacles.pdf

submitted by /u/elfballs
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