What controls the production of ear wax? | AskScience Blog

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Wednesday, March 3, 2021

What controls the production of ear wax?

What controls the production of ear wax?


What controls the production of ear wax?

Posted: 02 Mar 2021 08:01 PM PST

Are vaccines preventative only? Are there any diseases that can be cured by administering their respective vaccine? What's the case for COVID-19?

Posted: 02 Mar 2021 04:55 PM PST

From my little knowledge about biology I know vaccines are given before you get infected with a disease so that your body already has the respective antibodies in case you do get infected. Are there any vaccines that can be given when the person is ill already? To help maybe boost the process of making antibodies. Additionally can the COVID-19 vaccine be given to people already suffering from the virus? Will there be any ill effects?

submitted by /u/dreamylucifer
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If we can vaccinate chickens against salmonella, why haven’t we done the same for humans?

Posted: 03 Mar 2021 06:25 AM PST

Could we eliminate the Flu if we all got vaccinated for the flu and wore masks during flu season?

Posted: 03 Mar 2021 04:45 AM PST

Masks have been pretty effective at keeping my family healthy this year and I was wondering if some viruses like the flu are so endemic that there will always be substantial spread, or if mask use would be effective at isolating or eliminating the flu?

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AskScience AMA Series: Hi! I am Tel Aviv University cancer biologist, Prof. Neta Erez. I'm developing a novel approach to treating breast cancer. Ask Me Anything!

Posted: 03 Mar 2021 04:00 AM PST

Hi! I am Tel Aviv University cancer biologist, Prof. Neta Erez. I study the tumor metastasis microenvironment.

Tumors are more than just a bunch of cancer cells. They are better described as multicellular organisms. In each tumor there are complex interactions with immune cells, which cause inflammation processes in the connective tissue and blood vessels.

In my lab, we study these interactions to understand how tumor cells "hijack" physiological pathways and use them to support their growth. Additionally, we also study the link between cancer and inflammation,specifically how cancer cells metastasize and grow in distant organs from their original host.

Prof. Erez studies the biology of tumor metastasis, focusing on the metastatic microenvironment, cancer-related inflammation and the role of stromal and immune cells in facilitating the early and late stages of metastasis. Prof. Erez's work focuses on these crucial aspects of cancer. She uses mouse models of carcinogenesis and metastasis of melanoma, breast, and ovarian carcinoma. The main goal of her research is to identify and characterize key molecular pathways in the communication between tumor cells and their microenvironment that can be targeted by novel therapeutics.

Prof. Erez began her academic career at the Weizmann Institute of Science. She obtained her PhD in the field of molecular cell biology under the guidance of Prof. Varda Rotter. Supported by a fellowship from the Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Prof. Erez carried out her postdoctoral research in the laboratory of Prof. Doug Hanahan at UCSF, working in the field of tumor biology (2005-2010). During her postdoctoral fellowship she demonstrated a novel role for cancer-associated fibroblasts in mediating tumor-promoting inflammation. Following her postdoctoral work, she joined the Department of Pathology at the Sackler Faculty of Medicine in October 2010, and currently serves as the Department Chair.

I will be on at 10am PT (1 PM ET, 18 UT), Ask Me Anything!

Learn more about my lab: https://www.netaerezlab.sites.tau.ac.il/

Username: /u/IsraelinSF


EDIT: Please note the correction in time.

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Posted: 03 Mar 2021 07:00 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away!

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Why is the protective factor of covid vaccines and immunity through previous infection different?

Posted: 03 Mar 2021 05:46 AM PST

Im Brazillian and im a health professional, so im almost embarassed of asking this, but i was reading about our new p.01 covid 19 mutation, and it has been demonstrated that it can dodge with more efficiency the natural immunity that we get after being infected by a non p.01 mutation of covid19, but it doesnt seem to behave the same way in vaccinated people.
What im wondering is: if a vaccine with a weakened virus just triggers a complete immune response and it follows by immunity, just not the severe symptoms that come with the infection, why does it differ from the natural immune response from having a full infection? I mean, it should be the same protection for both natural infection and weakened virus vaccines, if im assuming the same mechanisms are in action, shouldnt it?
I had only one semester in immunology, but this has been bugging me for a few days now.
if i wasnt clear in my question im sorry, i will try to clarify, my english is a little rusty.

submitted by /u/Hypnotic_Mind
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Should I still get the COVID vaccine if I’ve already had COVID?

Posted: 03 Mar 2021 01:50 AM PST

If the purpose of a vaccine is to stimulate antibodies as if you were exposed to the disease that you're being vaccinated for, then why should people who have already had COVID still get the vaccine?

submitted by /u/Chibaglover
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In adenovirus vaccines, like the Johnson and Johnson vaccine, how do they get the right DNA inside the viruses?

Posted: 02 Mar 2021 02:31 PM PST

What processes do they use to insert the DNA? And how do they manufacture large quantities of them?

submitted by /u/Hack_the_Gibson
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Can we predict earthquake aftershocks, and if yes, with how much accuracy?

Posted: 03 Mar 2021 04:13 AM PST

Is carbon fiber a heat conductor or a heat insulator?

Posted: 03 Mar 2021 12:25 AM PST

No matter how much I google, I keep getting constantly contradicting results on the thermal conductivity of carbon fiber. Some say that since it has low thermal conductivity that it's an insulator, but I keep constantly seeing other contradictory remarks about it having a lot of potential for heat conductivity, so if anyone can clarify I'd appreciate that.

submitted by /u/ReluctantCucky
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Does the shape of our skulls change over the course of our life from things like sleeping on one side more or leaning against hard surfaces?

Posted: 03 Mar 2021 01:18 AM PST

Say you like to sleep on your left side more often than your right, would that side of the skull eventually have the slightest indentations from being placed against surfaces for a prolonged period of time?

If yes, can you detect these indentations from excavated skulls and make scientific assumptions from them?

submitted by /u/LightShadowMC
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How were ‘eye floaters’ viewed prior to knowledge of the eye’s structure?

Posted: 02 Mar 2021 11:33 PM PST

Is there a change in carbon concentration with altitude?

Posted: 02 Mar 2021 10:19 PM PST

Have we observed a difference in carbon concentration at ground level, 1 km and 100 km? And if so by how much does it change?

submitted by /u/glakshya02
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Is it posible to have two invisible light beams combine and form a visible spot on the wall? (to the naked human eye at least)

Posted: 02 Mar 2021 05:05 PM PST

Hello guys,

Let me try to be more clear on my question. With invisible light beam i mean a light with a waveform not in the visible spectrum of human eyes, could be infrared or ultraviolet not dangerous to us, but when combined with other light beam that has a slightly different waveform make a visible spot in a wall or in a surface they hit.

One light by itself of course wont be visible to us. But is there any combination of short/long wavelenght lights that when combined become visible to the human eye? If you guys imagine it as laser lights it might make more sense.

I made a crappy drawing but it might help me explain more.

here is the link: https://imgur.com/I8R8K19

Thanks a lot in advance!!!

submitted by /u/InformalAttempt9
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Is there a shape that would create no sonic boom?

Posted: 02 Mar 2021 12:30 PM PST

I guess this question has two facets, weather the object is self propelled or not (bullet or rocket)

The mass shouldn't be 0, otherwise what's the point.

Mach 1

That's all I can think of.

submitted by /u/hugo_bauer
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How is the J&J vaccine able to only get away with one dose while still being highly effective?

Posted: 02 Mar 2021 09:43 AM PST

All other vaccines are two doses. That includes different types of vaccines such as the mRNA ones (Pfizer and Moderna), the protein ones (Novavax), but even the similar adenovector ones (Astra Zeneca).

How is it that J&J has been able to make a single dose vaccine that is so effective? The other adenovector ones use two doses, so why is the J&J adenovector vaccine any different? I've learned more about immunology in this pandemic, and my understanding is that the second dose helps refine that initial subset of antibodies to greater affinity, as well as create a stronger memory response to prevent re-infection. It seems the J&J vaccine has resolved concern on the first point (the antibodies are definitely strong), but what about the second point (the second dose reinforces the long term memory response)? Is there not still a very real concern that the immunity won't last longer than 6 months or so?

submitted by /u/orangeboomerang
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Is it possible to build a big optical telescope with aperture synthesis, like radio telescopes?

Posted: 02 Mar 2021 12:23 PM PST

All the current satellite telescopes are single big pieces of machinery, they are expensive to build and when they fail - they fail completely.

Is it possible to build a lot of smaller telescopes and have them connect in some way on orbit to synthesize images?

Even if these telescopes need to be connected mechanically to be a one big structure, I think it still can be beneficial to have an aperture size of a hundred or two hundred meters. And if you want to make a bigger telescope - "just" build another batch of the same hardware, launch and connect on orbit to existing structure.

I understand it's not easy, but in principle could be easier than building a really big new one-off telescope for more than a decade, spending many billions on it (e.g. JWST).

submitted by /u/Murkt
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Function of a steroid response complex binding to a steroid response element (SRE)?

Posted: 02 Mar 2021 12:31 PM PST

Hi all,

Please excuse me if this is a dumb question, but:

During my studies, my textbook outlines that when a sex steroid (such as androgens) binds to a receptor, it creates a steroid-receptor complex that can bind to specific DNA sequences in chromatin, also known as steroid response elements (SREs). However, my textbook doesn't highlight why a sex steroid would need to bind to DNA.

What role does this play in the overall conformation of DNA? Does the complex affect replication/transcription? And if yes, why would it need to do so? Does it affect hormonal levels/production within the body?

I tried googling this, but was unable to locate an answer for it as it's really a finicky question.

Many thanks in advance.

submitted by /u/cowjk
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What are the risks of delaying the second dose of the COVID vaccines beyond manufacturer's guidelines?

Posted: 02 Mar 2021 12:04 PM PST

British Columbia (Canada) just announced an aggressive plan to get all residents their first dose by the end of July. In order to reach this goal, they also announced delaying the second dose for up to four months.

Huffington Post Article

submitted by /u/Crakkerz79
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