The Colorado river "has rarely reached the sea since the 1960s." How has this changed the gulf of mexico ecologically or climate wise, etc.? | AskScience Blog

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Friday, March 12, 2021

The Colorado river "has rarely reached the sea since the 1960s." How has this changed the gulf of mexico ecologically or climate wise, etc.?

The Colorado river "has rarely reached the sea since the 1960s." How has this changed the gulf of mexico ecologically or climate wise, etc.?


The Colorado river "has rarely reached the sea since the 1960s." How has this changed the gulf of mexico ecologically or climate wise, etc.?

Posted: 11 Mar 2021 11:10 PM PST

EDIT: Aw jeez I mean the gulf of california, but yeah same question.

I've read on wikipedia about how it being dry has changed the delta and other areas of the river, and that it used to deposit a bunch of silt in the gulf. But how has the change affected the gulf itself? Thanks.

submitted by /u/master_bacon
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Do animals within the Arctic Circle have a day-night rhythm during polar nights?

Posted: 11 Mar 2021 07:10 PM PST

Is it possible for genotypes to "converge" over time, as phenotypes sometimes do in different species?

Posted: 11 Mar 2021 10:21 PM PST

I used to be a docent in a museum, and one of my favorite things to point out on tours was a set of ichthyosaur fossils next to a picture of a dolphin skeleton, showing convergent evolution.

I understand convergent evolution on the phenotypic level, but I never really thought about what's going on genetically. After so many random mutations in the genetic code, is it possible for the genotypes of different organisms to "converge" like this over time? Or is that really what underpins convergence on the phenotypic level?

Another part to the question: we hear a lot of comparisons of genomes between species, like how we share "X.X%" of our genetic code with bananas, chimpanzees, etc. I was wondering if it's possible for convergence on the genetic level to confuse our phylogenetic analyses in a way that would make us believe two species are more closely related than they truly are.

submitted by /u/Beauregard89
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Why does "e" come out as "x" for the maximum "y" value for the function of f(y) = x^(1/x)?

Posted: 12 Mar 2021 01:20 AM PST

This question is tied to a fact that, while I had a little fun with tetration (in the x^x^x^x... form), I noticed that there is a region that does not go to infinity, while the number of exponents go to infinity. So I started searching for the max "x" value where this happens.

Long story short, I arrived at y = x^(1/x) as the function I need the maximum "y" value of. I was lazy, so I homed in on the "x" any "y" values simply by using a calculator and trying numbers. After about 20 steps, I got 1.44466786 as "y" and 2.71815 as "x".

I was really surprised that I homed in on "e". This also means, that for infinitley many tetration of the same value as in x^x^x^x..., the maximum finite value is "e", and the "x" value where this happens is e^(1/e). Which is very interesting.

So my question question again: why does f(y) = x^(1/x) has it's maximum at x = e?

I'm a third year physics bachelor student, so I can handle higher level math if it's needed for the answer.

submitted by /u/Koppany99
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Is sparkling water heavier or lighter than non-sparkling?

Posted: 12 Mar 2021 05:09 AM PST

What are the odds of finding an exoplanet with a moon the perfect size as to create a solar eclipse like on Earth where the viewer can see the sun’s corona?

Posted: 12 Mar 2021 03:18 AM PST

Earth's moon just happens to be the perfect size for this in relation to the sun's size in the sky. Sure, total or partial solar eclipses happen on every planet with a moon, but how rare is it that it would be like what we see on Earth?

submitted by /u/SNRNXS
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What are the differences between veterinary and human SARS CoV 2 vaccines?

Posted: 12 Mar 2021 01:56 AM PST

I just saw the news that the veterinarian SARS CoV 2 vaccine is available for primates. Is it similar to the human vaccines? Are the animal SAR CoV 2 strains different from the human strains? Do the drug companies just use the animal data (phase 2) to make the animal vaccine?

submitted by /u/AlaskaNebreska
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Does removing a gas from a blimp/ridgid airship cause it to have more lift or less?

Posted: 12 Mar 2021 06:26 AM PST

As the title states, would it increase the lift if say a ridgid airship that was originally filled with helium had a portion of the gas removed?

As much of the gas as possible before collapsing in on itself anyway. Please explain it as though I am stupid, as I have little knowledge on this subject and google was rather unhelpful.

submitted by /u/Unilateralrailgun
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As the tectonic plates are averaging 100-200km in depth, why don't we see 100-200km high walls where one tectonic plate is submerged under the other?

Posted: 12 Mar 2021 02:08 AM PST

An example is where an oceanic crust 'goes under' a continental crust, like The Andes mountains, if I understood my professor correctly.

submitted by /u/Hello_Its_Microsoft
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What would be the speed of sound within neutron stars or other degenerate matter? Does the concept even apply?

Posted: 11 Mar 2021 02:25 PM PST

I was pondering, as one does, exotic materials that might have really high speeds of sound. As I understand it, within objects like neutron stars made of degenerate matter, matter is packed together about as tightly as it possibly can be. In normal matter, I would imagine this would mean the speed of sound was relatively high since atoms don't have to travel far to collide with one another and spread waves of motion. But now I'm wondering if that kind of vibration is even possible given degenerate matter is supposed to be so tightly packed that there's not actually any space for particles to vibrate around.

If you whacked a neutron star with a big cosmic hammer or rock or something, could there even be any internal vibrations? Would the striking material just kind of flow around the outside and join it because there's nowhere for the material it collides with to go?

submitted by /u/Lorpius_Prime
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Is there a difference between "zero gravity" on space stations and zero gravity in the void of space?

Posted: 11 Mar 2021 07:58 PM PST

I know there are places that have planes that can simulate the "zero g" experience by falling, and I know that space stations themselves are constantly falling due to still being "in the atmosphere", kinda, and being affect by Earth's gravity, but are there differences in the zero g's felt on space stations and the zero g's you get out in space?

submitted by /u/Kadziet
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I’m confused about what the fourth dimension is?

Posted: 11 Mar 2021 10:22 PM PST

So I'm quite unlearned in physics, and in my unlearned understanding, time was the 4th dimension, but I've been reading some literature that states that the 4th dimension is an additional physical dimension that we do not have the faculties to perceive. Does this mean that time is a dimension that we can detect but not fully perceive or is the fourth dimension something different entirely?

submitted by /u/Kaiser_Ryuu
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What is stopping smallpox from being retransmitted to humans the same way it was the first time?

Posted: 11 Mar 2021 09:10 PM PST

I assume the first case ever had to come through some sort of vector, why can't the same thing happen again now that we no longer vaccinate for it? Was the first infection a fluke?

submitted by /u/RealBowsHaveRecurves
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Is there a liquid that is more viscous at high temperature than at low temperature?

Posted: 11 Mar 2021 11:28 AM PST

When I look online I see a lot of things like "In general, liquids tend to decrease in viscosity as temperature goes up." Is there a counterexample?

The only thing I can think of is something like a custard where denaturing proteins cause it to thicken when temperature goes up, but this is irreversible — it won't get thin again when it cools down. Any examples of a liquid that can get thick when hot and thin again when cooled down?

submitted by /u/WildAvis
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How does the Ribosome read the "instructions" in the mRNA vaccine, on the molecular level, to create the expected protein? How were these "instructions" designed?

Posted: 11 Mar 2021 04:03 PM PST

As far as I understand, the mRNA goes through the Ribosome and the output is a protein, that was built based on the "instructions" the mRNA had.

  1. How does the Ribosome, on the molecular level, read the mRNA and make a protein based on it.

If I understand correctly, mRNA is a single-stranded DNA, "one-ladder" of a ACGT sequence.

  1. How was the ACGT bases' sequence for the mRNA chosen/designed for the mRNA, that in result, the Ribosome will create the expected protein.
submitted by /u/Seeryoos
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How can viruses infect bacteria?

Posted: 11 Mar 2021 05:36 PM PST

Viruses can pass through cell membranes either through endocytosis with a protein interacting with antigen attaching to receptor or through the envelope joining with membrane. In order to pass a cell wall, a bacteriophage must be used for injection. So once a virus passes through the first barrier (either cell wall (gram positive) or cell membrane (gram negative)) how does it pass through the next barrier?

submitted by /u/Portielife
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Do any parts of the cerebrum effect respiration?

Posted: 11 Mar 2021 07:07 PM PST

Do have parts of the cerebrum effect respiration? I ask because I've heard of people suffocating as a result of a cerebral injury (especially if their cerebrum then swelled).

submitted by /u/Stock_Butterfly_4954
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How much better are we at treating Covid now than we were a year ago when the U.S. faux lockdown began?

Posted: 11 Mar 2021 10:05 PM PST

I recently read an article that says we are getting better at treating the symptoms.

Are there efficacious treatments for Covid symptoms on the near horizon? Are we also moving towards bringing down the mortality rate for Covid, in addition to the severity of the symptoms?

submitted by /u/StrictlyRockers
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How is the height of a smokestack determined?

Posted: 11 Mar 2021 03:32 PM PST

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