What happens in the ~10d it takes for the first dose of a mRNA vaccine to have any efficacy? | AskScience Blog

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Saturday, January 2, 2021

What happens in the ~10d it takes for the first dose of a mRNA vaccine to have any efficacy?

What happens in the ~10d it takes for the first dose of a mRNA vaccine to have any efficacy?


What happens in the ~10d it takes for the first dose of a mRNA vaccine to have any efficacy?

Posted: 02 Jan 2021 05:55 AM PST

I'm familiar with the mechanism of action for the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. What I'm wondering is what happens after the injection and before one is said to likely have some protection from symptomatic Covid-19 (~10d, according to trial data). In other words, why does it take that many days to have some effective immune response? Doesn't the immune response to actual Covid-19 infection mount sooner?

submitted by /u/purrthem
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If you are infected with multiple similar viruses at the same time, do they compete for resources (your cells or whatever)?

Posted: 01 Jan 2021 07:32 AM PST

Why do potassium and sodium explode when put into water?

Posted: 01 Jan 2021 11:21 PM PST

Can the mRNA technology(?) be used in other ways that is beneficial for medical science?

Posted: 02 Jan 2021 06:51 AM PST

I roughly know how mRNA works, which sounds amazing. But can it be used to re-programme other medical conditions like autoimmune diseases, cancer etc?

submitted by /u/ChickenChopRice
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Why does electron delocalization lower the energy of the electrons?

Posted: 02 Jan 2021 03:40 AM PST

In valence bond theory, compounds which undergo resonance can also undergo resonance stabilization. Presumably, this works by allowing pi electrons to delocalize, lowering their energy. But why exactly is their energy lowered in resonance stabilization?

I found these answers:

  • they are able to occupy a larger area over the molecule, reducing the repulsive forces between one another

  • they can partially fill several orbitals localized on different atoms

  • some quantum physical phenomena are going on

Now, I do realize the valence bond theory is a major oversimplification as it views electrons as either localized on atoms or in a bond, and that this issue is non existent in the molecular orbital theory, as it already operates on delocalized electrons and "resonance hybrids".

But how does this work in the valence bond framework?

submitted by /u/Mikolmisol
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Why is carbon relatively low abundance in the Earth's crust relative to other elements such as oxygen, silicon, and iron, while it is very abundant in the solar system and Milky way?

Posted: 01 Jan 2021 01:38 PM PST

Is there a theoretical limit to the size of natural gemstones?

Posted: 01 Jan 2021 10:24 AM PST

The largest precious gemstones are pretty big but you could still hold them in your hands. There seem to be some very large rough jades around and absolutely massive quartz crystal formations.

Could gemstones the size of cars and larger exist in the earth somewhere?

submitted by /u/Pyrothei
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How does tidal locking occur?

Posted: 02 Jan 2021 12:30 AM PST

In the absence of an external torque, the body should be conserving its angular momentum. But what makes it tidally locked in the first place? And why should everything end up being tidally locked to the barycenter of the orbiting system?

submitted by /u/interstellarlad
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In nuclear fusion, how are neutrons made?

Posted: 01 Jan 2021 10:02 AM PST

A hydrogen atom is made up of a proton and an electron. It's said that when two hydrogen atoms collide during nuclear fusion, a helium atom is made. But how is this possible if a helium atom requires two neutrons and two protons in it's nucleus?

submitted by /u/AleksDaboss
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In lab testing with animals, how do you know when they are experiencing an invisible symptom?

Posted: 01 Jan 2021 09:45 AM PST

I was researching tinnitus as I have Meniere's and saw that there was testing on lab rats with medication to see if they have more or less tinnitus. How do they know a rat is experiencing that at all? How can you tell if it's better or worse for them?

Adding link per request: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4364172/

submitted by /u/parciesca
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Do Adenovirus based vaccines (such as the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine) for SARS-CoV-2 result in immunity to the specific adenovirus variant used in addition to SARS-CoV-2?

Posted: 01 Jan 2021 12:02 PM PST

Is the weak hypercharge related to the imbalance of matter and antimatter in the universe?

Posted: 01 Jan 2021 05:45 PM PST

So a right-handed electron possesses the weak hypercharge and a left-handed electron doesn't. Since this is a symmetry breaking property, is it at all related to the abundance of matter compared to antimatter in our universe (another symmetry breaking phenomenon)?

submitted by /u/HGazoo
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If global warming puts us in danger through temperature rise, and super-volcanos put us into danger of global cooling, shouldn’t those two dangers balance each other out?

Posted: 01 Jan 2021 10:57 PM PST

Why aren’t perihelion and the winter solstice on the same day?

Posted: 01 Jan 2021 09:15 AM PST

Trying to visualize it in my head, I always thought that due to the earths tilt, the closest point in the orbit would also be when the northern hemisphere experiences the least daylight. Why aren't they on the same day?

submitted by /u/BigGibbo
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How do antivenoms work?

Posted: 01 Jan 2021 04:35 PM PST

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