How exactly do flashbangs produce light? | AskScience Blog

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Monday, January 25, 2021

How exactly do flashbangs produce light?

How exactly do flashbangs produce light?

How exactly do flashbangs produce light?

Posted: 24 Jan 2021 08:03 PM PST

Why do we have kneecaps but no elbowcaps?

Posted: 24 Jan 2021 01:10 PM PST

Why are some chemical reactions irreversible?

Posted: 25 Jan 2021 03:06 AM PST

How is hearing protection from impulse noise different than that from continous nose?

Posted: 24 Jan 2021 04:08 PM PST

Hi,I'm curious if someone with background in audiology and/or hearing protection could explain the following:

  1. I have some background in acousitcs and I remember, that maximum allowed exposure to continuous noise that does not result in any permanent damage is 82dB for 8 hours/day and that this time is halved wtih each 3dB of increase (at least by EU norms, I know that in the US the limit is less strict). The question I have is following: how was that limit established and how accurate it is? Could I blast my ears everyday with let's say 103dB of noise for exactly 3 minutes and expect no hearing loss whatsoever?
  2. Hearing protection with respect to impulse noise like gunfire. From various sources online I found out that gunshots can measure anywhere in the range form 140dB to 170dB, at the shooter's ear. How many dB of noise reduction is needed for complete safety in that case? Is it enough if the shooter uses earmuffs that reduce the noise by let's say 30dB - from 170dB to 140dB and if so, how do we know it's safe and won't cause damage over the course of years or decades? Is there a limit, on how many shots could a shooter take in such case before damage to hearing occurs, in spite of using hearing protection and if so, how can that limit be established?
submitted by /u/M_ish_A
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When boiling the substance, are the bubbles that appear air that's becoming trapped inside the liquid then escaping? Or is it the material itself evaporating?

Posted: 24 Jan 2021 03:06 PM PST

How exactly does loud noise and/or frequency cause damage to the structures of the ear?

Posted: 24 Jan 2021 01:06 PM PST

Based on my Google/Wiki/YouTube research so far, sound pressure waves hit the eardrum / tympanic membrane - and this membrane is connected to a series of small bones (ossicles) which ultimately push into the "oval window" (fenestra vestibuli) of the cochlea and cause ripples through the fluid inside. The movement of this fluid stimulates hair cells (and somehow the different frequencies only impact certain areas of hair) which connect to nerves, where the signal gets processed by the brain.

However, damage doesn't seem to get covered in detail anywhere - just that it happens, but without elaboration as to why or how it happens.

My question is twofold:

  1. How do loud noises cause hearing damage exactly? Does a loud / strong pressure wave move the tympanic membrane too harshly and cause it to rip? Does it damage the ossicles by making them move too strongly or sharply? Does it damage the round window underneath (the fenestra cochleae) that allows the fluid to move in the first place? Does the pressure wave cause damage to the hairs by moving them too aggressively? What exactly is prone to damage with a loud noise?

  2. How about damage caused by frequency? Human hearing ranges from 20 - 20000 Hz, which I presume is due to the types of hair cells in our cochlea and the frequencies they are sensitive to. I don't understand how a pressure wave through the liquid somehow wouldn't stimulate all the hair cells or why only certain hairs are triggered over others, but how might frequency cause damage even if we can't hear it? Similar to question 1, which areas are prone to damage?

submitted by /u/RedVelvetIsntAThing
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What makes platinum such a good catalyst in organic chemistry?

Posted: 24 Jan 2021 11:07 PM PST

Why don't T cells divide into memory T cells before encountering a pathogen?

Posted: 24 Jan 2021 07:24 PM PST

then body can already be immune to the disease or at least combat it better

submitted by /u/yyfcdthyfdfooh
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Are electric car lithium batteries recyclable? Will there be parts of the battery that will be dangerous to earth that we don’t hear about everyday?

Posted: 24 Jan 2021 11:42 AM PST

Sorry if the flair is wrong. With all this news about electric cars and lithium and cobalt mining being the next step to 'go green', I have no idea what the end result really is nor find it online.

submitted by /u/HannukahJizzTonsil
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Is there any particular reason why all of the gas giants formed in the outer reaches of the solar system and not closer to the sun?

Posted: 24 Jan 2021 01:33 AM PST

Have we observed any behavioral responses to viral pandemics among other mammals?

Posted: 24 Jan 2021 08:47 AM PST

I am curious to know if we have observed any behaviors among other mammals that seem to be responses to viral pandemics (abandonment, isolation, etc.)?

submitted by /u/SannySen
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What is the purpose of lowering PCR thresholds for Coronavirus tests?

Posted: 24 Jan 2021 08:13 AM PST

In Texas a day or two after rain, tiny piles of pill-shaped dirt cover fields- what are these and where do they come from?

Posted: 23 Jan 2021 04:03 PM PST

I was walking my dog this afternoon and noticed them.

But then I remembered I've seen these like all my life, and I'm pretty sure it's only after rain.

submitted by /u/Jakeysuave
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How did the sexual process evolve in eukaryotes?

Posted: 23 Jan 2021 08:42 PM PST

I've been trying to find answers to this question on this sub and online, but I couldn't find much about the theory of how organisms developed haploid cells and a way to transfer them, and what I did find I had a hard time understanding. I've gathered that eukaryotes are the ancestors of organisms that reproduce sexually, so the mutation would have likely started in eukaryotes millions of years ago. What enabled a eukaryotic organism to transfer its genetic material to another eukaryotic organism?

In my layman's understanding, it seems that if an organism has a mutation that is useful for sex (like haploid cells or a sexual mechanism, some way to transfer DNA), but then can't find another organism with a complimentary sex mutation in reasonable proximity before it dies, it won't reproduce that useful mutation and the mutation ends there. How did sex evolve when two organisms that needed complimentary sex mechanisms/DNA-combining systems had to mutate that at the same time and place?

side note: on a lot of the threads where this question is asked, responses point out the advantages organisms would have had once they evolved a sexual process, but I understand that and am asking how it happened specifically, as an accidental mutation

Also, please correct me if I'm wrong with my basic ideas on the subject! I really need some help understanding this

submitted by /u/PinkNinjaKitty
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