What does it mean for an atomic nucleus to have a shape? Can elemental isotopes have different isomers based on their shape? | AskScience Blog

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Monday, August 19, 2019

What does it mean for an atomic nucleus to have a shape? Can elemental isotopes have different isomers based on their shape?

What does it mean for an atomic nucleus to have a shape? Can elemental isotopes have different isomers based on their shape?


What does it mean for an atomic nucleus to have a shape? Can elemental isotopes have different isomers based on their shape?

Posted: 19 Aug 2019 03:50 AM PDT

I thought that atomic nuclei were defined the same exact way that an electron shell is; that is to say, just as electrons are parts of probability clouds, so are the nucleons. Just as electrons have specific shapes of probability clouds due to the electromagnetic force, nucleons would be bound to each other into a similar probability cloud by the residual strong nuclear force.

However, I only ever see the liquid drop model used, which (presumably erroneously) implies that nucleons are ball-like "molecules" in a "drop" and can jostle around to rearrange themselves in a semi-rigid fashion, which confuses me as to what is the "correct" description of nuclear models, because that would also imply that a whole new can of worms of nucleon arrangement isomers would be opened (such as a Ca-40 nucleus divided into a proton hemisphere and a neutron hemisphere, or a neutron core with a proton shell), which I have not seen mentioned anywhere.

I have seen nuclei described as not necessarily being spherical, but also as prolate, oblate, ellipsoidal, and even banana and pear/mushroom-shaped. What exactly does this mean, and what effect does it have on chemical and nuclear properties and how are they classified in terms of isomerism? Is the liquid drop model correct, or does the strong nuclear force allow for asymmetrical probability clouds? If not, what keeps nucleons ("molecules") in these configurations, i.e. why are the shapes of asymmetrical "drops" stable?

submitted by /u/notacuckreee
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[Biology]Can all animals with livers process alcohol? Do all liver's function the same across species or is there variations on what can be processed and to what degree?

Posted: 19 Aug 2019 05:43 AM PDT

How do the beam splitters in a Michelson interferometer split the light initially and then only allow 1 returning beam to reflect and the other returning beam to travel through?

Posted: 19 Aug 2019 04:28 AM PDT

Im not sure how the beam splitter can act as something transparent and reflective(im not talking about the initial splitting but when the light splits and it returns somehow the 2 split beams paths are altered or not altered through the beam splitter into the detector).

On another note: no light is reflected back towards the laser right?

The setup im looking at is found here: http://wanda.fiu.edu/teaching/courses/Modern_lab_manual/michelson.html

submitted by /u/PocketCharacter
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In glycolysis NAD+ is required, but which other metabolic process provides NAD+ to fuel the glycolysis process?

Posted: 19 Aug 2019 05:15 AM PDT

Why are certain carboxylic acids lipophilic?

Posted: 19 Aug 2019 05:10 AM PDT

So I know salicylic acid is lipophilic- is there a trend among the carboxylic acids? Is there some experiment one can do measuring the rate of dissolution in oil among carboxylic acids or something similair-- any ideas relating carboxylic acids and lipids? Also, if there is a trend, can someone explain it in terms of molecular structure/ functional group? Anyone have any sources about this (preferably at a high-school level readability)? Thanks!!

submitted by /u/ranann123
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What is the common ancestor, if there is one, between spiders (or at least arachnids) and insects?

Posted: 19 Aug 2019 04:13 AM PDT

How do monosaccharide isomers glucose and fructose arise?

Posted: 19 Aug 2019 03:20 AM PDT

How does the same chemical formula arise to those different structures? I know that for galactose and glucose the stereoisomeric difference arises because the pi-bond between carbons can't be rotated, but how does the difference in aldehyde and ketone arise?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/mattwigm
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How do we determine the age of the universe and why couldn't it be more than 13.8 billion?

Posted: 19 Aug 2019 02:36 AM PDT

Why do ships and submarines use sonar to measure the depth, but not laser based measuring?

Posted: 18 Aug 2019 10:28 PM PDT

It is know that sonar waves have a bad influence on whales, and even may be a risk to their health.

There must be a wavelength of light that's usable under water and that doesn't get blocked off by particles in the water.

So, why is the sonar still so common?

EDIT: Pardon my English, but I'm still tired. I hope this text is readable!

submitted by /u/SpotlessBird762
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How is it possible for a smoke ring to wobble back and forward while keeping the same "main" initial velocity ? (video example)

Posted: 19 Aug 2019 01:41 AM PDT

Hi,

So i just watched a video by Physic Girl, and this part blew my mind.

 

Just to clarify my position, i came from a game development background, and the first thing i thought about when i saw this, is how relatively complex it's gonna be to code this behavior (not manually animate it)

 

The easiest way to do it is this :

  • Have an invisible parent object and apply a force to it, now the parent object has a specific direction & speed (velocity).

  • put a bunch of points inside the parent objects, and move them back and forward, in local space, so they stay in the "correct position" relatively to the parent object.

 

What i don't understand is that how this behavior is possible with smokes ? noticed how i highlight "bunch of points" ? because as far as i know, this is what smokes or any sort of "fluid" is, its a collection of so many objects that follows the same "flow", now that flow make sense when its following the same direction.

 

What doesn't make sense (to me), is that when the components of that fluid objects, loops in opposite directions ?

let's just follow one single "element" of the many elements that creates that smoke ring, how is it possible for it to have 3 different velocities during its life cycle without the interference of another extra force ?

 

this element is going forward (yellow line), and at the same time its either going back (red line) or forward (blue line)

 

It's like that element is not "independent", that behavior looks almost "alive" to me, and it kinda acts like a spring.

 

What's going on please ?

 

PS:

here is the full video if anyone is interested

 

Thanks!!

submitted by /u/alaslipknot
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How does a neuron get rid of the Calcium that enters during a chemical synapses?

Posted: 18 Aug 2019 02:43 PM PDT

Why doesn’t the adhesive on a post-it note glob off onto a wall?

Posted: 18 Aug 2019 08:21 PM PDT

It just stays on the paper. How?

submitted by /u/woofwoofwoof
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Do very large buildings’ foundations curve slightly with the Earth?

Posted: 18 Aug 2019 12:09 PM PDT

Mud Daubers paralyse spiders and cram them into their nests. If these spiders were released, would they eventually regain control of their bodies?

Posted: 18 Aug 2019 06:47 PM PDT

I recently bumped into a mud dauber as it was carrying a spider and it dropped it. The spider seems to be dead, but some quick searching online shows that it is only paralysed. Is this permanent? I have found very little information about the venom that these Daubers carry.

submitted by /u/Talkashie
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What causes the force in magnetic/electromagnetic fields?

Posted: 18 Aug 2019 11:57 AM PDT

Hello, I don't understand how it works. Could please help me?

I have several questions about fields in general and magnetic/electromagnetic fields:

  • What "field" is? Is it some kind of math abstraction?
  • Why moving charge makes magnetic field?
  • And why there are forces of attraction for example between magnets. What causes this forces? What transfers the field? Are there some particles?

Thank you!

submitted by /u/slepogin
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Hope this is science, but how do people who determine the authenticity of signatures (for art or maybe official documents) do it?

Posted: 18 Aug 2019 08:21 PM PDT

My signature is rarely the same and over the years I have tried a number of different signature styles. I don't understand how someone would ever be able to verify with any certainty that I had done those signatures and that they weren't just someone trying to copy my signature.

submitted by /u/TheWellFedBeggar
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Can you re-donate an organ that was donated to you?

Posted: 18 Aug 2019 09:39 AM PDT

If you received an organ (e.g. kidney), and you yourself are an organ donor, when you die would that kidney be harvested to give to someone else, living in 3 people total? If not, is it because of an actual medical reason (such as being unsafe or not working properly) or is it just a legal thing?

submitted by /u/SeparateTea
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Why do violet and purple look so alike, if they're so apart?

Posted: 18 Aug 2019 12:06 PM PDT

How do medically induced comas work, and why are they used?

Posted: 18 Aug 2019 02:54 PM PDT

Based on this question, I wanted to ask about medically induced comas. The top answer there indicated that comas happened as a result of some disconnect which prevents the body from waking up, usually as a result of injury. So what is the purpose of an induced coma? Why are they better than say, painkillers or sedatives? How do you put someone into one, how do you know they will come back out, and how do you bring them out when the time comes?

submitted by /u/gjsmo
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Which serotonin subreceptors compete?

Posted: 18 Aug 2019 05:27 PM PDT

I know certain serotonin sub receptors compete with each other. Is there a list of sub recrptors that compete? For example 5-ht1a competes with 5-ht2c at a certain site.

submitted by /u/dietderpsy
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How natural or naturally-occurring are different kinds of cancer? How prevalent were these cancer types in centuries before ours?

Posted: 18 Aug 2019 05:21 PM PDT

I understand that each cancer type is different. Two people may work side by side, eat the same food and one may develop cancer while the second stays healthy. Crap shoot. Other cancers seem almost assumed, like a smoker developing lung cancer or sunbather developing skin cancer. Did all of these cancer types not exist prior to 100/200 years ago or did we not xxxx back then (insert "eat the same food," or "live as long," or "have a sedimentary lifestyle," etc) and this is why I don't recall hearing of Great Great Uncle Mike developing thyroid cancer, because he died a grandfather at the age of 34?

submitted by /u/Strive--
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