AskScience AMA Series: I am Joseph LeDoux, a neuroscientist at NYU. My research focuses on how the brain detects and responds to danger, and the implications for understand fear and anxiety. Ask Me Anything! | AskScience Blog

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Thursday, August 29, 2019

AskScience AMA Series: I am Joseph LeDoux, a neuroscientist at NYU. My research focuses on how the brain detects and responds to danger, and the implications for understand fear and anxiety. Ask Me Anything!

AskScience AMA Series: I am Joseph LeDoux, a neuroscientist at NYU. My research focuses on how the brain detects and responds to danger, and the implications for understand fear and anxiety. Ask Me Anything!


AskScience AMA Series: I am Joseph LeDoux, a neuroscientist at NYU. My research focuses on how the brain detects and responds to danger, and the implications for understand fear and anxiety. Ask Me Anything!

Posted: 29 Aug 2019 04:00 AM PDT

I am a neuroscientist, author, and musician. My research focuses on how the brain detects and responds to danger, and the implications for understand fear and anxiety. I am a member of the National Academy of Sciences, and have published hundreds of scientific papers, as well as several books for lay readers, including The Emotional Brain, Synaptic Self, and Anxious. My new book is The Deep History of Ourselves: The Four-Billion-Year Story of How We Go Conscious Brains. I also write songs for my band, The Amygdaloids, and the acoustic duo, So We Are.

I will be on from 3-5 ET (19-21 UT), ask me anything!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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What kind of impact does sleeping position and sleeping posture have on spine health?

Posted: 28 Aug 2019 09:34 AM PDT

Examples --

Position: Back, stomach, or side sleeping

Posture: Head turned to the side on back, knees position on stomach, hunched over with chin tucked in on side, etc. vs lying with the spine straight

submitted by /u/i_do_maths_not_words
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What food doesn’t come indirectly or directly from soil?

Posted: 29 Aug 2019 06:41 AM PDT

The FAO has a statistic that 95% of our food is either indirectly or directly from soil.

My lab mate and I are scratching our heads trying to think of foods that don't come from soil and we thought y'all might have better ideas than us.

submitted by /u/Lizz196
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WIMP detection: what's the current status, what are the proposed new experiments, and what are their improvements in the hope to detect what the previous ones missed?

Posted: 28 Aug 2019 01:10 PM PDT

There's a lot of info around the internet but not all of it is easily understood by those of us who are not in this field.

My current understanding is that the failure to detect them has put an upper bound on their weak interaction cross-section, is that correct? How will the proposed future experiments try to detect smaller ones?

Also, can you explain the neutrino background? I understand it would introduce a lot of noise in the data, but will it rule out the possibility of detecting WIMPS below a given mass/cross-section or will it just make it harder?

submitted by /u/katinla
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Do trees have a lifespan or are they immortal?

Posted: 28 Aug 2019 05:00 PM PDT

When charged particles spin, they exhibit magnetic or polar properties. If I spin a large body of a highly charged element on its axis fast enough(saying the material can withstand this) will it also exhibit these properties?

Posted: 28 Aug 2019 09:27 PM PDT

What mechanism leads people to demonizing ideological opposition? Having ideologically tight knit tribes makes some sense for survival, but why does it so quickly get to a point of demonizing opposition?

Posted: 28 Aug 2019 08:51 PM PDT

Has there been any research on the effectiveness of music on exercise and enhancing performance or temporarily improving the cardiovascular system?

Posted: 29 Aug 2019 06:57 AM PDT

Has there been any medical research done on seeing if there's any link or efficacy of listening to certain music that can help with physical exercise or improve performance and improve the cardiovascular system in anyway? I know this is just a colloquial example but I feel like when I exercise and listen to certain music it will get my heart rate up and I see a short burst of performance occur even if I'm tired or fatigued. I will be in the middle of doing a laborious task like rowing but if I listen to a certain song, I will be able to do it with more resolve than I could before.

submitted by /u/Bertrum
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Does greenhouse effect increase the albedo (whiteness) of Earth?

Posted: 29 Aug 2019 06:14 AM PDT

I am confused because to me it seems that gasses would not necessarily make Earth more black since they are colorless and transparent.

submitted by /u/hedup42
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Barotrauma: What happens when a diver is wounded at extreme depths? Would the pressure cause saltwater to enter the body?

Posted: 29 Aug 2019 05:59 AM PDT

This video of a diver getting attacked by a marlin got me thinking (apparently it only punctured the emergency pack). What if a diver received a deep cut or puncture wound at those depths? It would certainly cause freezing water to enter the diver's suit, but would it force its way into the bloodstream?

submitted by /u/tacomcnacho
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What happens when people train themselves to hold their breath longer?

Posted: 29 Aug 2019 05:54 AM PDT

Untrained people can typically hold their breath for around 1 minute, amateur divers for 3 minutes, professional divers for 4-5 minutes, and experienced freedivers for 7 minutes and more.

What does this "training" actually do to the body? I'm guessing it's not simply adapting to do the same functions with 7x less oxygen, because if that were possible, the body would be laughably inefficient to begin with.

submitted by /u/iwanttobepart
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Cable-stayed bridges seem to be being built more and more frequently, particularly for longer spans. What are the main advantages of the cable-stayed design over suspension bridges and cantilever bridges? And has there been a recent advancement that's driven the shift?

Posted: 29 Aug 2019 05:31 AM PDT

What are some ways of assessing UV damage on polymers?

Posted: 29 Aug 2019 07:04 AM PDT

I'm exposing rubber bands to UVC radiation. I already have two ideas in hand: 1. Microscopic analysis for damage 2. Checking the change in Young's modulus (would ideally reduce)

submitted by /u/VaccinatedApe
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How long does it take for an individual red blood cell to do half a body cycle (i.e. left ventricule through body vessels to right atrium)?

Posted: 29 Aug 2019 06:17 AM PDT

Upon what basis did Newton even believe the existence of the Philosopher's Stone (lead to gold)?

Posted: 28 Aug 2019 09:33 PM PDT

I really admire Sir Isaac Newton, but his alchemy really seems off the deep end (meaning: crazy).

Upon what basis would Newton assume that anything could turn lead to gold?

Am I right in thinking that it's similar to Newton's Bible studies? Both take information from the past and try to build upon it. People don't do alchemy today, but many people believe in the inerrancy of the Bible (as perhaps did Newton). Is it because the alchemists saw that people can turn two chemicals into another, and thus they see no bounds to doing so? And that: in the 1700's, they didn't have the periodic table structure that can show what can and cannot be done?

PS: the NY Times article on periodic table was what got me thinking of that today. I didn't find the answer in Reddit.

submitted by /u/PeterfromNY
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Can you slow a neutron till it stops?

Posted: 28 Aug 2019 10:59 PM PDT

Literature around nuclear reactors talks about moderating fast neutrons to slow them down. This seems to imply removing velocity, which suggests you could continue to apply this until the neutron stops (has zero velocity). Is this a thing that can actually happen or is this idea tied to my understanding of neutrons as tiny little balls whizzing about which is probably not reality.

If this is possible, can you continue to apply this process to many neutrons until you have a.. pile? of neutrons? just sitting there? Do neutrons decay or change into other things as they slow (eg, the concept of being a neutron is tied to its velocity?).

submitted by /u/Bergasms
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Oxygenated blood circulation without breathing?

Posted: 29 Aug 2019 02:44 AM PDT

First time posting, I did quickly read through the rules. I saw this scenario on a TV series I watched. Was wondering if it is at all possible, or if it is currently being used in the medical field, i.e. I just don't know about it.

Can a person receive constant oxygenated blood circulation (assisted by some medical device) without having the need to breathe? Is this how life support systems work? Can it be done while the person is conscious? While conscious, how would the person 'get past' his/her natural breathing instinct?

I did Google this and just got a bunch of health problem sites.

submitted by /u/CoffeeNinja1
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Why do JUNO's photos of Jupiter look so different from Galileo's? They almost look like paintings. Is it upgraded cameras, or the way they are processed?

Posted: 28 Aug 2019 06:02 PM PDT

Are nuclear weapons test safe?

Posted: 28 Aug 2019 02:44 PM PDT

Why is it that places like Chernobyl and the other plant in Japan are dangerous to visit for prolonged periods of time where as places like Hiroshima, Nagasaki and multiple nuclear test sites are safe to visit?

Isn't it technically the same thing, but one is a weapon and the other one is just being used for it energy?

Also, what about the nuclear fallout from atomic weapons tests? Doesn't the wind transport the nuclear particles?

I just don't understand why nuclear weapon tests are safe and the real thing is dangerous...

submitted by /u/biernat
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Will the continents shift, break apart, or change like they did with Pangea?

Posted: 28 Aug 2019 10:14 AM PDT

What makes the L4 and L5 Lagrange points stable?

Posted: 28 Aug 2019 08:54 PM PDT

For example, if a satellite is orbiting the Earth and some small outside force acted on it to push it a little closer to the moon, why wouldn't the moons gravity pull it closer and destabilize it?

Does being called "stable" just refer to it continuing without the outside force?

submitted by /u/Fibonacciscake
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Where does the snapping/cracking sound come from?

Posted: 28 Aug 2019 05:08 PM PDT

I'm not talking about finger snapping. I'm talking about the sound that breaking a twig or pencil or plastic or even a slab of ice. Where does that come from?

submitted by /u/kuyamj
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