How are drugs made to be active transdermally? | AskScience Blog

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Thursday, August 22, 2019

How are drugs made to be active transdermally?

How are drugs made to be active transdermally?


How are drugs made to be active transdermally?

Posted: 21 Aug 2019 09:05 PM PDT

Do drugs have to be treated to be able to be absorbed through the skin? I am a nurse and got a few drops of fentanyl solution directly on my skin while spiking a bag for a fentanyl drip. I know based on the concentration that a few drops is not enough to have any effect, but it got me thinking, does it have to be treated to make it capable of being absorbed transdermally or is it just the fact that the fentanyl patch keeps it in close contact with skin for a prolonged amount of time. Another nurse once spilled testosterone on her shoes and it soaked through. The physician said she would be fine and wouldn't be growing chest hair bc it's not active transdermally. There is a transdermal version of testosterone (androgen), so I'm just curious how drugs are made to work like this.

submitted by /u/GrassAndKitties
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Are there "deep-lake" creatures at the bottom of lake Baikal ?

Posted: 21 Aug 2019 07:14 PM PDT

I know that deep-sea fish and arthropods adapted to the extreme conditions of these depths and are really weird looking, bioluminescent or transparent. Are there creatures like that in the depths of lake Baikal ?

submitted by /u/MichaelD-21
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Is it possible to have a planet and a moon in close enough proximity that their atmospheres mix?

Posted: 22 Aug 2019 06:46 AM PDT

I'm thinking of planets something like Pluto and Charon (yes, I know, Pluto's not a planet) where you have 2 large objects spinning around each other in fairly close proximity. Assuming that these 2 objects both have an atmosphere, would it be possible for these atmospheres to mingle? Or would an orbit that close together be unstable (due to atmospheric drag perhaps?).

I'm writing a science fiction story where it may be possible to travel from the planet to the moon while remaining in atmosphere (albeit, a very thin atmosphere).

submitted by /u/KnowanUKnow
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Is the Amazon fire as beneficial to the growth of the forest in the same way as other forest fires?

Posted: 22 Aug 2019 06:11 AM PDT

I've been seeing a lot about the Amazon burning. One thing I haven't heard about is "is this good?"

I've always read that forest fires are good for the ecology of a forest. It gets rid of dead growth, lets new growth go, etc. Is this the case for the Amazon as well? While short term yes, it's burning, in a hundred years or more won't it be getting back to the way it was, but refreshed?

Edit: I should also say yes, I am aware that overall this probably isn't a good thing.

submitted by /u/DelianSK13
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Are there black holes that feed on galaxies?

Posted: 21 Aug 2019 10:47 PM PDT

We know theres a black hole at the center of every(?) galaxy but is it possible for a black hole to exist that feeds on entire galaxies? Probably a stupid question, sorry.

submitted by /u/juicycurlbro69
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Would the birth control pill work for boys/men with acne in the same way as it helps some women with their acne problems?

Posted: 22 Aug 2019 05:59 AM PDT

Always feeling super tired in the morning, which led me to be curious: is there a genetic basis behind being a morning / night person, or is it just a myth?

Posted: 22 Aug 2019 05:30 AM PDT

I've never really been a "morning person". I'd always sleep during school and stay up until 3AM. But, due to work, I have to wake up at 6AM in the morning. The thing is, I get a solid 7-8 hours of sleep every night, but I'm still feeling super tired in the morning. But, the interesting thing is, if I were to get the same amount of sleep, but, instead of it being from 10PM-6AM, if I were to sleep from 2AM-10AM, I'd wake up feeling more refreshed. I'm just curious if this is all just in my head or if there is an actual biological basis behind being a morning/night person.

In other words... are people really genetically wired to be morning / night people, or is it just personal preference in the end?

submitted by /u/yoon-ho
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Did crabs and turtles/tortoise ever share a common ancestor?

Posted: 21 Aug 2019 10:06 PM PDT

Why does paper lose structural integrity when wet with water, but not so much with oil?

Posted: 21 Aug 2019 06:36 PM PDT

Do all benign tumors continue to grow?

Posted: 22 Aug 2019 03:14 AM PDT

Hey All, found out someone i know has a benign brain tumor and was curious if all tumors continue to grow to the point where they need to be removed? Is it possible for a tumor to stay the same size and not be harmful?

submitted by /u/xpliset
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What could be consequences from the Amazon fires?

Posted: 21 Aug 2019 02:35 PM PDT

Apparently some people have been burning the Amazon forest for weeks now. What will or could happen if they keep burning it?

submitted by /u/3ikooc
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Can mother’s diet create gas in breastfed baby?

Posted: 22 Aug 2019 02:58 AM PDT

Can there be a connection between what the mother eats and baby gas issues? How does this work?

submitted by /u/lostlight
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How do they make mobile phones water proof?

Posted: 22 Aug 2019 02:33 AM PDT

How they prevent electronics from being damaged by water?

submitted by /u/singh_1699
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If you die while you're laying out in the sun, will your body get a sunburn?

Posted: 21 Aug 2019 08:14 AM PDT

Is a sunburn a biological process that wouldn't happen if you weren't alive, or is it the skin actually "burning"?

submitted by /u/eddieeddiebakerbaker
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As modern humans, we spend a significant percentage of our lives wearing shoes and other related footwear. How does this affect the development of our feet and legs, if at all?

Posted: 22 Aug 2019 12:39 AM PDT

Why are antimatter islands considered unlikely?

Posted: 21 Aug 2019 02:44 PM PDT

An initial search turned up this article, with the tl;dr being that we should expect to see gamma radiation generated by the interface between any matter and antimatter regions in space. This answer doesn't feel complete, and I wanted to dig a bit deeper.

1) Does the expectation of an energetic boundary imply that we expect intergalactic gas clouds to be diffusing at a very high velocity? The velocity of convergence at the boundary would have to outpace the rate at which the universe is expanding, so what kinds of speeds and spatial scales are we talking about here?

2) Hypothetically, if such boundaries existed in the past, could the resulting radiation pressure have acted as a counter-balancing force? I would expect any net separating force, applied over a long enough time period, to ultimately confine the diffusing gas into orbits within each cloud's respective gravity well. Is that pressure so weak that we wouldn't expect such containment to have happened yet, or are there internal pressures that would be expected to overwhelm any such separating force?

submitted by /u/AntiTwister
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Is Pluto covered in ice or stuff that looks like ice?

Posted: 21 Aug 2019 04:20 PM PDT

Is pluto covered in frozen water or other solids that look like frozen water from far away and we just call it ice to make it simple to learn about?

submitted by /u/FactoryBuilder
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Could we create a "telescope" like the one used to take the first picture of a blackhole, but instead of using different points on earth, use the planets and moons of the solar system or by sending out satelites? Would we be able to detect light futher in the universe?

Posted: 21 Aug 2019 12:28 PM PDT

How might the Amazon forest fires affect the weather?

Posted: 21 Aug 2019 09:32 AM PDT

If it weren’t for climate change, would most of the glaciers we see today still be retreating?

Posted: 21 Aug 2019 09:54 PM PDT

When looking at information on the history of glaciers in the U.S. today, it appears that most of these glaciers started retreating at least as early as 1910s (that I have read at least). Given that climate change was not as big of a favor back then (or was it?), it made me wonder if glaciers today would still be retreating if there were no climate change?

Disclaimer: I'm certainly not a "climate change denier". The science is clear there. But would like to understand this better.

submitted by /u/millamb4
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Is the Earth getting more or less round over time? Why?

Posted: 21 Aug 2019 01:25 PM PDT

How is Titan able to retain an atmosphere?

Posted: 21 Aug 2019 09:26 AM PDT

From what I've heard, Titan has a nitrogen atmosphere much taller than our own due to its lower gravity. It sounds like it has a pretty tenuous hold. Is this a permanent feature? How is it not stripped away by solar winds?

submitted by /u/JankstonSpongDong
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