Is there a formal way of deciding what fraction of a game is chance? | AskScience Blog

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Saturday, August 27, 2016

Is there a formal way of deciding what fraction of a game is chance?

Is there a formal way of deciding what fraction of a game is chance?


Is there a formal way of deciding what fraction of a game is chance?

Posted: 26 Aug 2016 12:16 PM PDT

The card game of "war", in which players flip cards and compare their values without ever making any decisions is clearly entirely probabilistic, (each player will win half the time, as long as the deck is perfectly shuffled before each game.) The game of chess has no probability involved because the game state is entirely dependent on input from the players. These are examples of games at the extreme ends of the scale, but is there a way of assigning a specific value of how much probability plays a part in a game for those that are in between the extremes?

submitted by /u/graciousgroob
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Can an atom be made of only from protons and electrons? Why are neutrons needed?

Posted: 27 Aug 2016 02:45 AM PDT

Hey geologists/historians and other smart people, what is underneath all of the sand in the Sahara desert?

Posted: 26 Aug 2016 10:45 PM PDT

I've just been watching the Wildest Middle East series, and it jogged my memory on a question I've always had. What would be underneath all of the sand in the Sahara desert? What would it look like if one were to remove all of the sand? Side question: where did all of the sand come from?

submitted by /u/Hcapade
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As far as I know we can trace the origin of humans back to Africa. Does the same apply to other animal species?

Posted: 26 Aug 2016 11:28 PM PDT

Not nessecarily Africa, but can each species be traced back to having their origins at specific areas on Earth?

submitted by /u/shadowmoses
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What is the state of an object halfway through the event horizon of a black hole?

Posted: 26 Aug 2016 02:11 PM PDT

In a recent thread, /u/GrandmaBogus asked a very intriguing question, but I feel it got buried a bit too deeply before someone with more knowledge could see it:

Let's assume the simple case of a non-rotating supermassive black hole and a hapless astronaut being exactly halfway through the event horizon. This being a supermassive black hole, let's assume that the tidal forces at the event horizon are not strong enough to rip the astronaut apart.

Now, GR would tell us that all the worldlines beyond the event horizon point towards the singularity. There is no possible way for anything beyond the event horizon to increase it's distance from the singularity, or even to stay put. Everything always moves towards the center.

This would then mean that anything crossing the event horizon gets disintegrated into the most elemental particles as pretty much every form of force that could communicate information would be broken at the "membrane". The lower half of the astronaut would be completely decoupled from the upper half - or put more precisely, every time a bit of the astronaut moves beyond the horizon, it gets decoupled from the remaining part outside.

Put simply, it seems like it is impossible for anything more complex than the most elementary particles to exist beyond the event horizon, because no known form of force can exist between two objects where one of them is beyond the horizon while the other isn't.

This goes against the often repeated notion that with a sufficiently large black hole, one can cross the event horizon unscathed. Or perhaps this notion should be qualified that it won't be tidal forces that cause the demise of the astronaut?

Now I understand that black holes and event horizons are a GR concept and therefore are incompatible with quantum effects, but it would be nice to hear the opinions of experts on the topic.

submitted by /u/short_sells_poo
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What happens when Barium touches Mercury?

Posted: 26 Aug 2016 10:22 PM PDT

What makes the Magnets attractive?

Posted: 27 Aug 2016 12:07 AM PDT

Given an interesting sequence of numbers can we determine the probability that they are random?

Posted: 27 Aug 2016 03:16 AM PDT

I was reminded of this problem by a recent post.

Let's say we have a random number generator RNG which generates numbers uniformly in the range [1, 1000].

You are given an envelope and you are told that it contains 5 numbers in the range [1, 1000]. You are also told there are two possibilities.

  1. This envelope was filled with the first five numbers which came out of the RNG.
  2. The numbers were determined using some other process, for example they were picked by hand.

You have to determine the probability of the RNG having been used.

You open the envelope. The numbers are: {111, 111, 111, 111, 111}.

If the RNG was used, the probability of this exact outcome is 1 in 1015.

Intuition says no, the RNG was not used. Is there a rational basis for this intuition? Remember there are (1015 )-1 other outcomes which did not occur, for example {1, 20, 400, 20, 1}. Is there anything special about {111, 111, 111, 111, 111} and {1, 20, 400, 20, 1} which we can use to solve the problem?

I don't know why this is so difficult.

submitted by /u/rryderr
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What is it about being in a moving elevator that cuts off your cell service?

Posted: 27 Aug 2016 06:27 AM PDT

I don't know if this is specific to where I live but I find that whenever I'm in an elevator and it's moving I don't get a cell signal.

submitted by /u/ASexualZebra
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Does people that have lost limbs have higher blood pressure?

Posted: 26 Aug 2016 11:38 AM PDT

Why is increasing your heart rate through exercise beneficial for your health, but increasing it via stress, fear, or shock detrimental to your health?

Posted: 26 Aug 2016 01:03 PM PDT

Could be a ridiculous question, but how is it that one method for working out your heart is good for you and other bad for you? It seems like the end result is the same, an increase in heart rate and stronger heart muscles. Am I missing something here?

submitted by /u/thevidyy
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How do autopilot cars know when it's safe to make turns?

Posted: 26 Aug 2016 07:05 PM PDT

I'm not quite sure how to describe what it is that I'm asking but let me try to put it into perspective. Imagine you're in an intersection and you want to make a left turn. There are 2 oncoming lanes and one of them is also making a left turn, and there are still cars going past its blind spot in the next lane. Every now and then you'll see an opportunity to make a turn but very quickly you realize you actually don't as the gap gets filled by another oncoming vehicle in the blind spot of the car turning left. So then because of that blind spot, we tend to be more hesitant and slower in making left turns because we're never quite sure if it's safe to go. I find this to be especially true if you're trying to make a left turn at an intersection on a hill.

So how does say... Google's or Tesla's autopilot make these decisions? I live in Vancouver, and I'd say during a busy hour I'm usually only able to ever clear that left turn safely until it's near the end of a yellow light. Because for people here, they tend to treat the yellow light as a "speed up and beat the red".

submitted by /u/sKyLineCA
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What is the difference between a single loop railgun and a series augmented railgun, and how does the latter work?

Posted: 26 Aug 2016 04:26 PM PDT

Since storage on computers isnt "actual" sound, could we replicate a famous persons voice?

Posted: 26 Aug 2016 05:31 PM PDT

I saw this question on a askreddit comment thread but never saw an actual answer. But since sound pictures etc etc is stored as binary digits, could we modify or do something to them to replicate a famous persons voice or something similiar to that?

submitted by /u/Topdogedon
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Question about being surrounded by a large mass?

Posted: 27 Aug 2016 01:51 AM PDT

Hello,

Imagine the setup in this image.

I wonder what would happen gravitationally if we placed a small spherical object (blue), inside a spherical but very massive object that is empty/hollow on the inside, with just a thin surface (gray).

Would there be movement between objects or would they stay in the same position? Would the result change if the object on the inside was heavier?

submitted by /u/PhysicsQuestion02
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Sinclair method claims 78% success rate in treating alcoholism, why is it not used universally or at least more often if this is the case?

Posted: 26 Aug 2016 04:16 PM PDT

I just read that cold cannot be created, only heat can. This makes no sense to me, as air conditioners pump out cold air. Can someone please explain?

Posted: 27 Aug 2016 12:21 AM PDT

I read in an article that cold cannot be created and it's apparently a law of thermodynamics. The article said this: "It's a general thermodynamic fact (a law even!) that generating cold is impossible. You can generate heat, and you can move it around by taking advantage of the fact that heat always tries to "even out""

So refrigerators work by "sucking" the heat out, making it cold. But air conditioners, you can actually feel air blowing at you, not air being sucked out. I don't understand how this works. How is an air conditioner not generating cold air when I can feel cold air blowing at me every time I use one?

submitted by /u/rkerr97
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When light is reflected off a surface, is that same photon being bounced back or is that photon absorbed and then another one emitted?

Posted: 26 Aug 2016 03:07 PM PDT

If air and water are both considered "fluids" in Physics sense, why are their applications labeled pneumatic/hydraulic, respectfully, and not just hydraulic?

Posted: 26 Aug 2016 11:34 PM PDT

How old are the oldest bat colonies still living?

Posted: 26 Aug 2016 12:43 PM PDT

Does a material exist that becomes more malleable the colder it becomes?

Posted: 26 Aug 2016 05:04 PM PDT

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