Has the speed of sound ever been surpassed underwater? What would an underwater sonic boom be like? | AskScience Blog

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Friday, August 5, 2016

Has the speed of sound ever been surpassed underwater? What would an underwater sonic boom be like?

Has the speed of sound ever been surpassed underwater? What would an underwater sonic boom be like?


Has the speed of sound ever been surpassed underwater? What would an underwater sonic boom be like?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 12:47 PM PDT

The speed of sound underwater is 1481 m/s (at 20 degrees C), which is 4.2 times faster than in air - so mach 4.2. This is fast. The fastest recorded fish is the black marlin, which swims at 36 m/s. Modern rifles have muzzle velocities greater than 1200 m/s and some tank guns are up around 1700 m/s (in air of course), so it seems at least plausible that an object could be fired underwater fast enough.

submitted by /u/mlukeman
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Are there languages or dialects that have no shared history but, surprisingly, have a lot of the same phonemes?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 09:33 PM PDT

What happens if I, in weightlessness, heat a bucket of water, will diffusion "mix" the water or will there exist a sharp temperature gradient in the water resulting in boiling water at the bottom and cooler water on top?

Posted: 05 Aug 2016 04:13 AM PDT

On Earth if I heat a bucket of water from the bottom convection would mix the water. In other words does convection in fluids by heating exist in space?

submitted by /u/Goodkat2600
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Why didn't the universe collapse into a black hole immediately after the big bang?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 10:24 PM PDT

All the stuff, matter, energy that would ever be was in a space that would seemingly have to be dense enough to be a black hole. Why are we not crushed inside of a black hole?

submitted by /u/deebeeoh
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Why are the words for "mother" and "father" so similar in so many distinct languages?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 06:39 PM PDT

I've recently realized that "mother" and "father" all sound quite similar all across the globe, even in places far away from Europe such as China (Mandarin: Māmā) and Southern Africa (Zulu: umama).

Is this due to European influence, or is it something else?

submitted by /u/Valkaus
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Why was there such low entropy after the big bang?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 09:47 PM PDT

Why are dark matter halos spherical while most of the other matter in galaxies is on a plane?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 03:01 PM PDT

Does it have to do with dark matter being weakly interacting?

submitted by /u/BAOUBA
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What is at the bottom of deep fresh water lakes like the Great Lakes?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 10:19 AM PDT

The science of holding your breath: there's no discomfort caused by running out of Oxygen?

Posted: 05 Aug 2016 12:27 AM PDT

I've been looking into the world of Free Diving, essentially people who are good at holding their breath for a long time. I've heard in a couple of places that there's no sense of pain or discomfort in running out of Oxygen, you just pass out. The pain of holding your breath is only caused by too much Carbon Dioxide.

Is this true, scientifically? And is there any evolutionary reason or advantage to this, is it harder to detect that lack of one thing rather than the buildup of the other, or is it just that "too much Carbon Dioxide" is, under normal circumstances, a good enough proxy for "not enough Oxygen" that it makes no difference?

submitted by /u/FleaBargain
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In ketosis, does the decomposition of fat into ketones release energy? If yes, where does it go and how does it affect the body's energy expenditure?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 08:05 AM PDT

The energy density of fat is 37 MJ/kg, but ketones have just 30 MJ/kg. My reasoning is that this difference must be released in the liver as heat.

If that's the case, then the rest of the body cannot use that energy. It must burn ketones instead. But in order to let the brain and muscles burn 1 kcal of ketones, the liver must decompose a bit more than a kcal of fat, so the total daily energy expenditure must be a bit higher (except for that fraction of energy in which we burn fat directly).

Does that make sense?

submitted by /u/bouillon9
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What would happen to an electron and proton in a vacuum?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 08:09 PM PDT

I know that they would accelerate towards each other due to the electromagnetic force. But, what happens once they become very close, to the point where they reach their highest velocity? Would they collide, with the kinetic energy accumulated in the acceleration being used to form a chemical bond (making a hydrogen atom)? If they would stick together and make a hydrogen atom, how does that entire process not lead to an increased entropy of the universe?

submitted by /u/letsgetmolecular
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If one were to mine the craters on the moon, would one find what made the impact?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 10:20 AM PDT

Do we have an explanation for the 150 million years worth of rocks missing in the Grand Canyon?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 09:51 AM PDT

I recently saw a debate on youtube where the creationist claimed that there is a place in the grand canyon where 150 million years worth of rock is completely missing. He says that there is a layer of cambrian rocks (600 million years old) and a layer above this of "carbiniforus?" rocks (450 million years old). Between these two layers there is supposedly a major gap. 150 million years old to be precise. Now, I am by no means a creationism by any stretch of the definition, but I'm still curious as to how (if this is true), this can be? I'm sure there is a scientific explanation. Could it be erosion, or any other geological explanation?

Thanks for any help!

submitted by /u/ProningPineapple
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Can Hamiltonian chaos be seen in quantum systems?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 07:03 PM PDT

Is the small divisor problem represented in quantum systems? Or is this all purely deterministic and classical?

submitted by /u/BillOReillyFetish
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Why does Zinc only rust on the outer layer while iron rust all the way through?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 10:59 AM PDT

When it comes to light, is it all or nothing when it comes to gravitational influence?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 10:17 AM PDT

My understand based on what I have read, is that light can not escape a black hole, due to the gravitation forces in play.

I was wondering if the gravitational force of neutron star in moments away from collapsing into a black hole, has any impact on light?

submitted by /u/Karmaa
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How does an electron absorb energy from a photon in a solar cell?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 10:06 PM PDT

When an electron and a photon interact to raise the energy level of the electron, what happens? How is energy transfered from the photon to an electron? Is this some passing of quarks?

submitted by /u/PythonEnergy
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(Statistics) What is the difference between selection bias and healthy user bias?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 10:38 AM PDT

I am reading a book on statistics and in one part it mentions all of the different kind of biases that can occur when analysing data from samples. Two of the biases mentioned are selection bias, and healthy user bias.

The author provides examples, and from what I can tell, they seem to be the same thing, but healthy user bias is restricted to health-related data.

I am by no means whatsoever a statistician however, so any input is appreciated, as I can't find any comparison between the two.

submitted by /u/MythicalBeast42
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Why don't all clouds form at the same elevation?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 10:57 AM PDT

Clouds seem to form at different levels, some lower or higher than others- what is the reason for this? Why do clouds form at different heights?

submitted by /u/constructingphysics
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How do the signals inside of a PC "know" where they have to go?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 10:41 AM PDT

A signal inside of a PC has to go from A to B, but how the signal know the path where it has to go? There are probably an "infinite" amount of possibilities where it could go and end up, but it takes the one that is right. How?

edit for spelling

submitted by /u/Katie_Deely
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What would happen if I compressed a spring and then welded the coils together?

Posted: 04 Aug 2016 09:58 AM PDT

Would the resulting cylinder have the same "springiness," or would I simply be left with a tube of coiled metal?

submitted by /u/whowantstoplayrisk
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