Does the dark matter in a galaxy form a disk or a sphere? | AskScience Blog

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Tuesday, August 30, 2016

Does the dark matter in a galaxy form a disk or a sphere?

Does the dark matter in a galaxy form a disk or a sphere?


Does the dark matter in a galaxy form a disk or a sphere?

Posted: 30 Aug 2016 03:39 AM PDT

Ordinary matter in most galaxies forms a disk. Does the dark matter also collapse into the same disk or does it remain a big blobby sphere around the center of a galaxy due to its lack of interaction through forces other than gravity?

submitted by /u/Speterius
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Wikipedia says that on very long timescales, "all matter is liquid". What does this mean, how does it work?

Posted: 29 Aug 2016 06:56 PM PDT

From this article, if you scroll down the timeline to 1065 there's the following description:

Assuming that protons do not decay, estimated time for rigid objects like rocks to rearrange their atoms and molecules via quantum tunneling. On this timescale, all matter is liquid.

I vaguely understand how quantum tunneling works, and how it might allow particles to move over time, but why is all matter described as liquid? What would it look like if you were able to set up a (very very) long time lapse video of a rock, or a planet?

submitted by /u/007T
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What are the alternative ways to measure advancements of civilisation other than the Kardashev Scale, and what are their pros and cons?

Posted: 30 Aug 2016 06:32 AM PDT

On the back of the recent Alien hype a lot has been publicised about the Kardashev Scale. While I'm no scientist, I noticed this all assumes the evolution of a civilisation is based purely on how well they capture energy from their sun (though I see this as being the easiest for us to observe from Earth). I'm wondering if this is the best method out there, what other methods exist and what are the pros and cons of each? Thanks :)

submitted by /u/holman8a
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Can a planet's orbit cross the surface of a star? Could it orbit entirely within it?

Posted: 29 Aug 2016 09:30 PM PDT

If a star is in it's quick expand-contract-expand-contract phase (on the order of tens or hundreds of thousands of years), what would happen? When it expands, the mass would not increase, but its radius would. It's Roche limit would stay the same or decrease.

How long would a planet be able to orbit within it? I'm assuming that, even completely molten, it can still stay together because the density would be low. It would be high enough to cause significant drag, though.

submitted by /u/masasin
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Consider a machine which uniformly generates random real numbers in the range [0, 1]. Would the set of all possible outputs include numbers with a finite number of digits?

Posted: 29 Aug 2016 06:16 PM PDT

Possibly excluding 0 and 1?

submitted by /u/rryderr
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How many sieverts/rads would you get per second if you were spacewalking without a suit?

Posted: 29 Aug 2016 10:33 PM PDT

I'm wondering exactly how much radiation one would be exposed to if they were in space without a space suit (perhaps beside the ISS). I can find readings for astronauts throughout an entire mission as well as a theoretical mission to Mars (0.66 sievert), but I can't seem to find anything on how much you would get if you were drifting in space without a suit.

submitted by /u/ruhtraeel
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What do liquid hydrocarbons look like?

Posted: 29 Aug 2016 06:29 PM PDT

I know that Titan has lakes/oceans of it, but I don't know what they look like other than just big things of dark liquid. I couldn't find any good pictures of lab-based liquid hydrocarbons, but I would like to get an idea of what "dropping a sub" into it would look like.

submitted by /u/Deminixhd
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The Boeing new 737Max has a winglet that save 1.8% on fuel. How is that possible when it also adds drag?

Posted: 29 Aug 2016 01:21 PM PDT

I just saw this claim in an ad/"news" piece. I understand that a winglet adds drag, simply because it exists. How does it achieve a fuel saving? Is that the purpose of all winglets?

submitted by /u/vertebrate
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If you add magnets to car wheels (use their spinning as a turbine) would it be possible to produce electricity and thus reduce the usage of fuel or just create a self-sustainable electric car?

Posted: 30 Aug 2016 06:07 AM PDT

What non-biological factors contribute to regional soil fertility?

Posted: 29 Aug 2016 02:21 PM PDT

I'm looking to develop a simplified model for estimating soil fertility across arbitrary, random terrains that are generated by a computer program. I'd like to understand what geographical and geological factors are predictive of soil fertility in the real world, in order to make my model reasonably believable-looking.

As a non-scientist, the things I can think of are:

  • Water - terrain closer to and downhill of water, especially freshwater, would seem to be more fertile
  • Temperature - Hotter areas would evaporate faster, mitigating the effects of nearby water sources
  • Volcanism - Volcanic ash, I understand, can be very helpful to plant growth
  • Wind - I would assume areas with more wind suffer from more erosion, and that plants and rich soils have a harder time establishing there. On the other hand, wind that originates over water would carry rainclouds, increasing fertility

Am I missing or overestimating certain factors? What other aspects of the shape, history, and composition of a piece of terrain would influence soil fertility once life establishes itself there? Planetary/astronomical considerations (day length?) are also fair game.

submitted by /u/Kastornak
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Is there any simple explanation in terms of spacetime for why c is invariant in every inertial reference frame?

Posted: 29 Aug 2016 03:20 PM PDT

I can just about grasp that any such explanation probably invokes spacetime geometry and length contraction, but I can't seem to think of an explanation for either length contraction or invariant c. I also have an inkling that a non-invariant c would require a universal fixed reference frame, and we can't have that. I would happily consider speculative explanations, btw.

submitted by /u/consciousrealism
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How can something be redox inactive?

Posted: 30 Aug 2016 01:51 AM PDT

Hello, I understand that redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons and a change in oxidation state. But how can something like Zn2+ be redox inactive?

Thank you!

submitted by /u/bucketfullofcats
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How do they keep radiation from contaminating the water which evaporates out of the top Nuclear Power Plants?

Posted: 29 Aug 2016 09:19 PM PDT

Okay, so in Water Moderated Reactors, I understand that they use rods to contain the radioactive materials (usually Uranium-235), and because of the nuclear reactions these rods get really hot and they use the water to cool them down which is where all the water vapor comes from. (Please correct me if I'm wrong about any of this)

So what confuses me is how do the keep the radiation inside of the rods? If it contaminated the evaporating water wouldn't that result in toxic rain? And because we know this is bad and don't want it to happen I have to believe that we've done something to prevent it. I know lead blocks all sorts of radiation but lead contamination would be almost as bad as fallout. So how do we do it?

submitted by /u/zthompson2350
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When I use a nail clippers and cut a little chunk of skin off the end of my thumb, what am I cutting? Is it skin?

Posted: 29 Aug 2016 01:22 PM PDT

Why is it see-trough and why doesn't it hurt when normally breaking skin would?

submitted by /u/Shentai-
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Why is it possible to recover data from a drive after a zero-fill?

Posted: 29 Aug 2016 11:27 PM PDT

I've read from multiple sources that writing zeros on the whole drive once is not enough to guarantee that the data will not be recoverable, how come?

submitted by /u/KingKunter
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Does Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle imply that we will never need to determine the position of an electron?

Posted: 29 Aug 2016 11:07 PM PDT

With people that have brown/blue eyes, is their a difference between nighttime vison?

Posted: 29 Aug 2016 10:40 PM PDT

In scientific fact, lighter colors reflect light while darker colors absorbed it. With night vision, shouldn't darker eyes be able to see better because of this if so/not explain?

Thank you =)

submitted by /u/trollteemo
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What issues would be be worried about if we were experiencing global cooling, instead of global warming?

Posted: 29 Aug 2016 09:56 AM PDT

With global warming, there are many interesting consequences that I never would have considered. What would these be if the planet was cooling?

submitted by /u/greysplash
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