In what order were fundamental particles created? | AskScience Blog

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Monday, August 8, 2016

In what order were fundamental particles created?

In what order were fundamental particles created?


In what order were fundamental particles created?

Posted: 07 Aug 2016 07:04 PM PDT

Does modern science have some grasp of the order in which the first particles formed? If not from the beginning, than at least from the start of the electroweak era?

submitted by /u/chunkylubber54
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Does one hemisphere have a more intense summer than the other?

Posted: 07 Aug 2016 07:35 AM PDT

Due to the Earths elliptical orbit, one hemisphere will be closer to the Sun during it's summer months, meaning the light intensity from the Sun is greater. However, it also travels faster as Kepler's second law tells us, so it is in this part of the orbit for a shorter time. Do these factors balance out? Or does one hemisphere experience more radiation/m2 /s?

submitted by /u/EdominoH
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Would the Earth's gravity be the same if it were a spheroid of uniform density, but same average density, rather than layers of different densities?

Posted: 07 Aug 2016 10:10 AM PDT

The average density of the Earth is around 5.515 g/cm3. The planet's made up of a crust, a mantle, and a core -- all of which are made with different materials, and have different densities.

If the Earth were made of some hypothetical material of the same average density, resistant to the effects of compression and temperature-based deformations associated with it, would the gravity at the surface stay the same?

submitted by /u/verandaguy
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If I had a quarter that was as hot as the surface of the sun in my hand, what would it do to the earth?

Posted: 08 Aug 2016 07:12 AM PDT

Why is the critical point in temperature/pressure?

Posted: 08 Aug 2016 07:05 AM PDT

H2O has it's critical point at 647,3°K and 218 bar

What does that mean?

submitted by /u/Katie_Deely
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What advancements could quantum computing provide for future videogames?

Posted: 07 Aug 2016 06:50 PM PDT

Would CPUs and GPUs be more powerful, resulting in realistic game physics and unlimited AI? What other effects could we potentially see? I'm new to the ideas and potential of quantum computing.

submitted by /u/YouMadeMeCringe
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How do operating systems tell the CPU to start up/shut down cores?

Posted: 08 Aug 2016 06:04 AM PDT

Hey everyone! At the moment I try to write a program, that emulates a simple CPU (a few registers, a simple instruction set, a bus that makes request to RAM, and a "pipeline" that stores the following lines of RAM whenever an instruction needs to be loaded from there).

I split the implementation up into a "CPU" and a "Core" struct because I wanted to reserve myself the possibility to make it use multiple cores later. I had lectures at uni about how simple CPUs and operating systems work, but now that I'm trying to implement those things I notice a lot of things that I didn't truly understand. Among the things I never thought about are:

  • Let's say at the start the CPU starts executing at ram address 0. How does the program there tell the CPU to start another program on another core?

  • How much of that process is typically managed by the hardware and how much is managed by the OS?

  • Is there a "main core" that catches interrupts from the other cores (e.g. when one of the cores throws and exception or interrupts for a system call) or does that specific core jump into the kernel/exception handler?

thanks a lot in advance!

submitted by /u/Steve_the_Stevedore
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Why does the boiling point of water changes with the attitude, but the freezing point always remains 0 °C, no matter the attitude?

Posted: 08 Aug 2016 05:50 AM PDT

In a Dye Sensitized Solar Cell, why doesn't the redox shuttle "short out" the cell between the anode and the cathode?

Posted: 07 Aug 2016 06:57 PM PDT

What does the wave component of light mean? I'm having a hard time wrapping my head around this one.

Posted: 07 Aug 2016 05:32 PM PDT

I understand light (electromagnetic radiation) is composed of photons. Photons have a dual nature - they are simultaneously a particle and a wave. I can grasp the particle component. How a photon can interact with matter (electrons), causing electrons to change orbital level, eject other photons, in displays of absorption, reflection, refraction, etc. However, I have a difficult time envisioning the wave modality. I know this corresponds to frequency and energy of the photon, but I don't understand what is actually happening. As an example, let's say the source has a frequency of 1 hertz. One peak and trough of the wave every second. Does this mean that photons (from the light source) are emitted one every second, photon after photon? Does it literally mean the photon is traveling in a oscillating wave motion once per second? Does it mean the photon is vibrating back and forth once per second, and if so, how much distance does it vibrate? Or something much more complicated than I can't simply imagine?... In other words, how is the energy stored in the photon as a wave? I've been trying to find an answer that satiates my curiosity for a day or so now, but all I find is information regarding electromagnetic fields, and maybe it's my lack of understanding in that area that is making this difficult to imagine. Please help. Cheers.

submitted by /u/fartingmaniac
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What makes Swedish iron ore so special?

Posted: 07 Aug 2016 07:29 AM PDT

In both WWI and WWII, the German factories turning out weapons were heavily dependent upon steel produced from Swedish iron ore. In WWI, the supply of this ore via merchant ships in the Baltic was protected by Germany's High Seas Fleet (which otherwise did not have much of a purpose). In WWII, the supply of Swedish iron ore was so critical to Germany's war effort that it was the primary reason Hitler invaded Norway (nothing can be shipped from Sweden to Germany via the frozen Baltic in the winter, so ore travels overland by rail to the coast of Norway and thence to Germany by ship; hence the need to invade Norway to secure the ore supply year-round) and why he had plans in place to invade Sweden if necessary.

What exactly are the chemical properties of Swedish iron ore that made it so desirable for steel production? Why was Germany unable to produce sufficient steel for its war effort using only the iron ores available in the areas of Continental Europe under German control? What was "wrong" chemically with those ores as far as steel production was concerned?

I'm not sure this is exactly a "science" question, more about geology/manufacturing processes etc.

submitted by /u/AreYouNotShpongled
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Have subatomic particles ever been measured?

Posted: 08 Aug 2016 02:37 AM PDT

How do we know that quarks even exist? Have we ever measured them (like how we can detect alpha, beta, gamma particles)?

Isn't it more reasonable to assume they do not exist? Further, that a neutron is made of a proton and electron rather than 3 quarks? How could we determine this (such as firing neutrons at a strong magnetic field and seeing if half half split due to difference in electron/proton orientation)?

submitted by /u/zenmasterzen3
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Is there a special Case of all unknowns having the same value?

Posted: 07 Aug 2016 04:35 PM PDT

For example, I have some function A = f(X,Y,Z), and A=X=Y=Z. In other words, the unknowns are interchangeable in this situation. Is there some particular/special way of talking about this?

thanks!

submitted by /u/aggasalk
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Why did most plants end up being hermaphrodites while most animals end up with two distinct sexes?

Posted: 07 Aug 2016 10:35 AM PDT

The vast majority of plants have both male and female sexual organs, and when two or more plants fertilise each other, all normally produce seeds or spores.

However in most animals the population is divided into males and females, of which only the females bear offspring.

submitted by /u/googolplexbyte
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Can someone explain Rayleigh scattering leading to the color of the sky?

Posted: 07 Aug 2016 09:18 PM PDT

Looking at the Wikipedia page and Example 11.1 of Griffith's Electrodynamics 3rd Edition, I'm a bit confused about the process. From what I understand, dipole radiation of air molecules has a quartic dependence on frequency. This means that among all wavelengths of visible light hitting the molecules, blue light is re-radiated by them most strongly. This re-radiated light is what we call scattered light and is why the the sky appears blue. One question is why is the sky a darker blue farther away from the sun? Is that because Mie scattering takes over along the sun's line of sight?

According to my readings, sunsets are red because the atmosphere is thicker when the sun shines tangent to the Earth's surface, and a thicker atmosphere leads to more scattering. But we established that scattered light makes the sky blue--which is why I'm confused. Is there some "critical mass" of scattering where things can get so scattered that the blue light is very dispersed and the red overpowers it?

submitted by /u/DarkAvenger12
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What happened to planet X?

Posted: 07 Aug 2016 09:09 PM PDT

All the noise i heard about planet X was just how we found the orbit of it.

submitted by /u/Iwantchangenotchange
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Granite is the most abundant type of rock in the continental crust. Why is it not found on any terrestrial planet(or moon) other than Earth?

Posted: 07 Aug 2016 05:23 PM PDT

What defines the size (radius) of a star?

Posted: 07 Aug 2016 08:12 PM PDT

How do they decide which isotope of an element to put in the periodic table?

Posted: 07 Aug 2016 07:14 PM PDT

C12 and C13 are both stable, but C12 gets on the periodic table. Why?

submitted by /u/Lofty_Hobbit
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Why do we get Vertigo after getting off a boat? What causes Vertigo?

Posted: 07 Aug 2016 02:33 PM PDT

What is the main bottleneck preventing high resolution (4K, 8K, 16K) monitors from being produced?

Posted: 07 Aug 2016 01:37 AM PDT

Is it cost effectiveness? computing power needed to run that high resolution? risk of damaging a pixel? What is stopping manufacturers from making a 1,920,000 x 1,080,000 screen?

submitted by /u/Dapianoman
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How do babies perceive the world around them?

Posted: 07 Aug 2016 04:15 PM PDT

basically, how do babies think?

submitted by /u/lifeisupherebut
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