The Pauli Exclusion Principle doesn't apply to Bosons. Does this mean any number of bosons can occupy the same space? | AskScience Blog

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Monday, November 22, 2021

The Pauli Exclusion Principle doesn't apply to Bosons. Does this mean any number of bosons can occupy the same space?

The Pauli Exclusion Principle doesn't apply to Bosons. Does this mean any number of bosons can occupy the same space?


The Pauli Exclusion Principle doesn't apply to Bosons. Does this mean any number of bosons can occupy the same space?

Posted: 21 Nov 2021 11:19 PM PST

Let's say I observe a photon. How would I know that's not, for instance, ten photons in the same state? Once two particles are in the same state, is there some mechanism by which they can diverge?

submitted by /u/Rare-Technology-4773
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Why is argon used in sputtering PVD processes?

Posted: 22 Nov 2021 12:42 AM PST

Last week during a lecture about PVD and sputtering my professor showed a graph of sputter yield for each atomic number, and it looked like the opposite of atomic radii for each atomic number, the yield goes up as you move to the right in the periodic table, and drops down when you move from a noble gas to an alkali metal. He said this graph explains it because argon has the highest yield, but it doesn't. Every noble gas below it in the periodic table has better yield (according to that graph). My question is - why use argon? And what makes noble gases have the best yield for their row in the periodic table?

submitted by /u/PizzaBlasterZ
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Satellite LiDar has been used to discover lost and buried ruins on earth; is it possible to use LiDar in the ocean to look for wreckage or submarines?

Posted: 22 Nov 2021 02:16 AM PST

Why is it much more costly to make antiprotons than positrons?

Posted: 22 Nov 2021 10:06 AM PST

Do diffused and focused mode of thinking actually exist?

Posted: 22 Nov 2021 08:14 AM PST

I read this in a book called mind for numbers and is this an actual thing with credible research behind it or not If so how can I rapidly change between them

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How are we able to work with things on the atomic scale?

Posted: 21 Nov 2021 08:28 PM PST

How on earth are we able to move individual atoms/manipulate them in any way?
Aside from atoms, something that never made sense to me is transistors. Those things that make computers run are to my knowledge, the size of electrons! How are we able to manufacture them and precisely make electronic parts such as CPUs and whatnot with things the size of electrons and not accidentally break them by blowing a little on them? Even more fascinating is how these things don't break just by touching them.

As an example, here's a video about some guy who tried to take a picture of an atom. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ialegYl3cko (skip to 0:40). It says "he placed an atom between two rods and took a picture of it". How?

If anyone can help make sense of this that would be really cool, I've never understood how this stuff is possible.

submitted by /u/MyPing0
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How does frame of reference in physics being arbitrary reconcile with kinetic energy being proportional to square of velocity?

Posted: 22 Nov 2021 07:44 AM PST

I'm having a difficult time reconciling my understanding of kinetic energy being the square of the velocity with my understanding of frames of reference being arbitrary.

So given some frame of reference, say a spacestation traveling through a starless void at a speed signficantly less than the speed of light, a spaceship with mass of 1 Kg (guess it's a small ship) traveling at exactly the same speed (0) has 0 J energy of kinetic energy. If that ship speeds up to 1 m/s, it should now have 0.5 J of kinetic energy. Presumably this means that it fired its thruster for some length of time. Now if the spaceship doubles its speed, it's now going 2 m/s but its kinetic energy will have increased to 2 J. Did it need to 'expend' 3 times at much energy from it's thrusters to get to this speed?

Now I run into the problem that I thought frame of reference is arbirary. What if we instead start with the moving 1 m/s frame of reference? Does it take less fuel for the spaceship to change speeds if we change our frame of reference?

What am I missing here?

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