AskScience AMA Series: I'm Iñigo San Millán, a researcher who trains world-class athletes, including the two-time Tour de France winner, with the goal of learning more about cancer, diabetes and other diseases. I've learned exercise is the most powerful medicine in the world. AMA! | AskScience Blog

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Thursday, November 4, 2021

AskScience AMA Series: I'm Iñigo San Millán, a researcher who trains world-class athletes, including the two-time Tour de France winner, with the goal of learning more about cancer, diabetes and other diseases. I've learned exercise is the most powerful medicine in the world. AMA!

AskScience AMA Series: I'm Iñigo San Millán, a researcher who trains world-class athletes, including the two-time Tour de France winner, with the goal of learning more about cancer, diabetes and other diseases. I've learned exercise is the most powerful medicine in the world. AMA!


AskScience AMA Series: I'm Iñigo San Millán, a researcher who trains world-class athletes, including the two-time Tour de France winner, with the goal of learning more about cancer, diabetes and other diseases. I've learned exercise is the most powerful medicine in the world. AMA!

Posted: 04 Nov 2021 03:37 AM PDT

Hi, Reddit! I'm Iñigo San Millán. I am an assistant professor in the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes and Medical Oncology at the University of Colorado School of Medicine and associate research professor in the Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition at the University of Colorado, Colorado Springs.

I've also coached Slovenian cyclist Tadej Pogačar to two consecutive Tour de France victories and I try to provide the most precise, scientifically-based training for athletes at the top of their game. But that's only part of it. I also work with elite athletes to better understand the intersection of metabolism and disease, and I've developed new insights into how regular exercise shapes our long-term health.

I'm here to talk about and take your questions on a variety of topics including:

  • What is metabolic health?
  • What's the relationship between exercise and cancer? Or Type II Diabetes and Alzheimer's?
  • Why is exercise the most powerful medicine in the world? And how can different exercises affect how our mitochondrial functions?
  • What kind of training do elite athletes do in order to perform their best?
  • What is the nutrition of a Tour de France winner?

My research is trying to help to identify the role that metabolism could play in the development of different diseases characterized by mitochondrial impairment or dysfunction. I can elaborate on the connection between Type II Diabetes and Alzheimer's, as well as the role that lactate plays in cancer development. I can also explain the most effective form of exercise to maintain metabolic health and how fueling and exercise efficiency looks different for everyone.

I'll sign on around 10AM MT (1 PM ET, 17 UT), AMA!

More Info:

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I got both a flu shot and a covid booster yesterday, how can my immune system learn from both vaccines at once without getting confused?

Posted: 03 Nov 2021 10:20 AM PDT

I tried to look up "how can I get 2 vaccines at once" but nothing I found answered my question, it was just saying it's safe to have multiple. What I'm curious about is how exactly it's working. Does the fact that they were injected into different arms have something to do with the effectiveness as well?

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In a frozen lake, is the water closer to the surface colder than the deeper water?

Posted: 04 Nov 2021 06:15 AM PDT

I know in the ocean the colder water is denser and therefore closer to the bottom. But if this is the case in a lake why would the ice be at the surface?

submitted by /u/RagnarBaratheon1998
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Are there any places where massive earthquakes might go undetected?

Posted: 04 Nov 2021 12:07 AM PDT

As I'm sitting in the dark next to the water on an island In the middle of the pacific, I started to wonder if its possible for underwater or remote earthquakes to go undetected. Is it possible for an earthquake to occur on an underwater or remote fault line and there's no warning until a tsunami or other subsequent catastrophic event occurs? Do seismographs detect earthquakes everywhere? Are there blind spots?

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Is possible to get 2 viruses at once? If so, would one be more dominant than the other?

Posted: 03 Nov 2021 03:13 PM PDT

For example, if you got a flu-like illness but also a cold, would they combine to make you more ill, or would one dominate the other to produce the majority of your symptoms?

Likewise, if you got a viral sickness bug, is it possible to get a bad cold at the same time and have both viruses expressing symptoms simultaneously?

submitted by /u/candytuftalice
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How is heat distributed in the deep ocean compared to shallower parts?

Posted: 03 Nov 2021 04:47 PM PDT

I'm not sure how accurate this is, but I remember learning somewhere deep sea creatures would be the first to cause a major food chain disruption due to global warming and the rise in water temps. However, I was researching the coral reefs and saw the raise in water temp is partly why they're dying. So— do the typical ocean heat patterns apply to the deep sea? If there is a x° change in measurable ocean water temps, does the same apply to the deep sea? Basically I wanna know how doomed we actually are :,)

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Influenza testing covid-19 swabs?

Posted: 03 Nov 2021 10:44 PM PDT

I read an article saying that a strain of Influenza-B might have been wiped out. How do we know what strains are out there?
Are swabs for Covid-19 tests also checked for strains of common influenza?
eg "Covid-19 not detected, Influenza-A detected"?

Or do health departments check a percentage of swabs for influenza and other anonymous research?

submitted by /u/lutris_downunder
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What effect did the tree coverage have during high CO2 eras in Earth's history?

Posted: 03 Nov 2021 09:31 PM PDT

So I've always had this question in the back of my head. At one point, the CO2 levels were naturally at extremely high levels. It's the argument that climate deniers used to say that the CO2 spike we have now is just cyclical.

But back when the CO2 levels previously spiked, that was when the earth was covered by much more CO2 absorbing trees/forests/jungles.

Were the high CO2 levels of the past offset by the high number of trees absorbing it? Has the reduction in trees impacted what the floor for a safe CO2 level could be?

submitted by /u/ecchi83
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Differences between 2 peoples EEG scan to the same picture?

Posted: 04 Nov 2021 04:59 AM PDT

If u show 2 people the same picture and scan them with an EEG will they be the same or is there a measurable difference like a fingerprint?

or am i having this completely wrong in the first place?

and is this like a fingerprint?

submitted by /u/dubfighter
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What is the benefit of ELT if PIONIER has a smaller angular resolution?

Posted: 03 Nov 2021 07:14 PM PDT

Good time of day to all. Just as the title says. I was under the impression ELT would blow every other existing optical or near optical telescope out of the water with its' resolution, but I was reading about PIONIER and I'm assuming that combined with VLT's adaptive optics, the virtual telescope that it produces outperforms the capabilities of ELT in resolution.

So

A: What is the benefit of building the ELT as opposed to a larger virtual telescope instead?

B: Does PIONIER make ELT obsolete?

C: Would it not be cheaper and/or quicker to build a PIONIER style virtual telescope with an angular resolution surpassing both ELT and PIONIER?

submitted by /u/NOTvIadimirPutin
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Does blood viscosity increase after a meal? (postprandial blood viscosity)? Does it increase especially highly after fatty meals?

Posted: 03 Nov 2021 12:08 PM PDT

Even meals high in olive oil?

submitted by /u/inquilinekea
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Why does postprandial hyperglycemia damage the cells more than usual even when given a glucose distribution with the same AUC (area under curve)?

Posted: 03 Nov 2021 12:03 PM PDT

Is there any material on Earth that is common here, but rare elsewhere in the universe (Excluding organics, like protein and wood)?

Posted: 02 Nov 2021 06:41 PM PDT

What causes the sand dunes in the desert?

Posted: 02 Nov 2021 07:05 PM PDT

I know wind blows all the sand together in to basically big ass piles. But what causes the piles to start where they do? I guess my question is - when you see one of those really big piles of sand, why did it start there? Did it blow around a rock or a bush or something that gathered all the sand?

submitted by /u/cakebug321
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If computers are completely deterministic, how do irreversible cryptographic hash functions work?

Posted: 02 Nov 2021 04:42 PM PDT

When you encrypt a message, it gets put through some kind of cryptographic hash function that is completely deterministic - put the same message in, you get the same hash. If every step in the process to create the hash is known, why is it so hard to simply walk backwards through the process to obtain the initial message?

submitted by /u/Gimbloy
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What happens when a planet has more than one moon?

Posted: 02 Nov 2021 09:45 PM PDT

I know Jupiter has many moons. How do they orbit ? Do they all orbit the same time or just one goes slow than the others? Does this affect time ? Like longer nights?

submitted by /u/Angela275
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