Why cannot countries mass produce their own vaccines by “copying the formulae” of the already approved Moderna and Pfizer vaccines? | AskScience Blog

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Wednesday, February 17, 2021

Why cannot countries mass produce their own vaccines by “copying the formulae” of the already approved Moderna and Pfizer vaccines?

Why cannot countries mass produce their own vaccines by “copying the formulae” of the already approved Moderna and Pfizer vaccines?

Why cannot countries mass produce their own vaccines by “copying the formulae” of the already approved Moderna and Pfizer vaccines?

Posted: 16 Feb 2021 08:38 PM PST

I'm a Canadian and we are dependent on the EU to ship out the remaining vials of the vaccine as contractually obligated to do so however I'm wondering what's stopping us from creating the vaccines on our home soil when we already have the moderna and Pfizer vaccines that we are currently slowly vaccinating the people with.

Wouldn't it be beneficial for all countries around the world to do the same to expedite the vaccination process?

Is there a patent that prevents anyone from copying moderna/Pfizer vaccines?

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AskScience AMA Series: I am Tom Talbot MD MPH, an infectious diseases physician and infection prevention expert/vaccine advocate who's been working on the frontlines during the COVID pandemic. AMA!

Posted: 17 Feb 2021 04:00 AM PST

I am an infectious diseases physician (for almost 2 decades) working at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC - views expressed are my own and don't represent formal VUMC guidance). Much of my professional career has focused on infection prevention as the VUMC Chief Hospital Epidemiologist (a fancy word for medical director of the institution's infection prevention program). I work to reduce the risks of patients and healthcare workers catching an infection related to healthcare. This could be infections after surgery, infections due to medical devices, and infections related to emerging pathogens, like COVID.

I'm also a recognized expert in and advocate of vaccinations as a way to protect individuals, other patients, and healthcare workers from harm (such as spread of viruses like influenza and now COVID). Now that several effective COVID vaccines are available, these will be the tools that help get us to the other side of this pandemic. However, vaccination efforts have been hampered by supply/logistic issues, confusion over eligibility, and hesitancy. Happy to chat with everyone today at noon (ET, 17 UT) about COVID and the vaccines!

Twitter: @trtalbotmd

Username: /u/trtalbotmd

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Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Posted: 17 Feb 2021 07:00 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away!

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How much does alcohol affect vaccine efficacy?

Posted: 16 Feb 2021 08:34 AM PST

So lately, there's been a lot of contradictory information about how alcohol might affect the COVID-19 vaccine efficacy (e.g., with Russia, India, and the UK advising people to not drink before and after vaccination for various periods of time vs. various American doctors saying that moderate drinking shouldn't affect the vaccines at all).

I realize that we don't yet have data on the COVID vaccines in particular. But in general, how much does alcohol consumption actually affect immunity in response to vaccinations (e.g., development of antibodies and memory t-cells)?

A lot of people are drinking a lot more than usual recently, due to the pandemic. So, three separate questions would be:

  1. How does moderate drinking affect vaccine efficacy (e.g., 1-2 drinks per day)? From online sources, it seems like the impact would be minimal.

  2. How would a binge or two a few days after the vaccine affect its efficacy? Would this completely undermine antibody and t-cell development?

  3. How would regular heavy drinking affect the vaccine's efficacy? I realize that regular heavy drinking can suppress the immune system. But would it in particular prevent the formation of antibodies and memory t-cells?

submitted by /u/dky828
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Do Star Systems have areas of “Interstellar Space”?

Posted: 16 Feb 2021 04:00 AM PST

My basic understanding of interstellar space is that it's the areas outside of star systems. However, I was reading about the "Oort Cloud", which is towards the end of our solar system - and this graphic here shows that between Neptune and the Oort Cloud, there is interstellar space.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud#/media/File%3APIA17046_-_Voyager_1_Goes_Interstellar.jpg

So my question really is, what is interstellar space and is it possible for star systems to have it?

submitted by /u/s1yh1r
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How does "green" energy producers maintain the frequency of the electricity generated?

Posted: 15 Feb 2021 02:55 PM PST

From what I have read, the frequency of electricity is maintained by the spinning of generators. With wind, and especially solar, the frequency is not easily maintained. Since a lot of consumer motors need to have the frequency of electricity maintained in a very tight range or the motor will quickly fail.

submitted by /u/ShotnTheDark_TN
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