AskScience Panel of Scientists XXII | AskScience Blog

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Monday, April 20, 2020

AskScience Panel of Scientists XXII

AskScience Panel of Scientists XXII


AskScience Panel of Scientists XXII

Posted: 24 Jan 2020 05:32 PM PST

Please read this entire post carefully and format your application appropriately.

This post is for new panelist recruitment! The previous one is here.

The panel is an informal group of redditors who are either professional scientists or those in training to become so. All panelists have at least a graduate-level familiarity within their declared field of expertise and answer questions from related areas of study. A panelist's expertise is summarized in a color-coded AskScience flair.

Membership in the panel comes with access to a panelist subreddit. It is a place for panelists to interact with each other, voice concerns to the moderators, and where the moderators make announcements to the whole panel. It's a good place to network with people who share your interests!


You are eligible to join the panel if you:

  • Are studying for at least an MSc. or equivalent degree in the sciences, AND,

  • Are able to communicate your knowledge of your field at a level accessible to various audiences.


Instructions for formatting your panelist application:

  • Choose exactly one general field from the side-bar (Physics, Engineering, Social Sciences, etc.).

  • State your specific field in one word or phrase (Neuropathology, Quantum Chemistry, etc.)

  • Succinctly describe your particular area of research in a few words (carbon nanotube dielectric properties, myelin sheath degradation in Parkinsons patients, etc.)

  • Give us a brief synopsis of your education: are you a research scientist for three decades, or a first-year Ph.D. student?

  • Provide links to comments you've made in AskScience which you feel are indicative of your scholarship. Applications will not be approved without several comments made in /r/AskScience itself.


Ideally, these comments should clearly indicate your fluency in the fundamentals of your discipline as well as your expertise. We favor comments that contain citations so we can assess its correctness without specific domain knowledge.

Here's an example application:

 Username: /u/foretopsail General field: Anthropology Specific field: Maritime Archaeology Particular areas of research include historical archaeology, archaeometry, and ship construction. Education: MA in archaeology, researcher for several years. Comments: 1, 2, 3, 4. 

Please do not give us personally identifiable information and please follow the template. We're not going to do real-life background checks - we're just asking for reddit's best behavior. However, several moderators are tasked with monitoring panelist activity, and your credentials will be checked against the academic content of your posts on a continuing basis.

You can submit your application by replying to this post.

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Are there crazy caves with no entrance to the surface pocketed all throughout the earth or is the earth pretty solid except for cave systems near the top?

Posted: 19 Apr 2020 09:13 PM PDT

I read on the NYT that “Even the 1918 Spanish flu virus eventually faded into the seasonal H1N1 flu.” Does this mean that the seasonal flu is just an evolved version of the 1918 strain? If so, are we likely to have a seasonal COVID-19 for years to come?

Posted: 19 Apr 2020 11:22 AM PDT

Do viruses contribute to the ecosystem?

Posted: 20 Apr 2020 02:19 AM PDT

Will anything happen if all viruses simply disappeared?

submitted by /u/SnowyArctic
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What made the Smallpox vaccine so effective?

Posted: 19 Apr 2020 11:51 PM PDT

Smallpox was considered eradicated by WHO as of 1980, but in the 40 years since we have yet to achieve the same feat in another human disease. What were the contributing factors to why we could eradicate one disease, but haven't done so since? Is it just a matter of priority? Are there any good contenders for the next disease to be eradicated?

submitted by /u/LinaIsNotANoob
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Does an Operating System use the CPU cache? If yes, by what amount on average?

Posted: 20 Apr 2020 03:03 AM PDT

I was wondering if an OS such as Windows uses the cache normally and how would that influence cache benchmarks (measuring performance of something) which usually assume that the cache is being utilized only by the process being benchmarked.

submitted by /u/stichtom
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In recent news it has been announced that trials of a vaccine that could protect against the coronavirus are set to begin in the UK. Can someone explain why the control group is given the conjugate MenACWY vaccine) as comparison, and not a placebo such as saline solution ?

Posted: 19 Apr 2020 08:32 PM PDT

How much credibility does the theory 'exposure to sunlight reduces myopia' hold since there doesn't seem to be a general consensus?

Posted: 19 Apr 2020 05:45 AM PDT

What is the chain of events that leads to death when someone is made to ingest a strong alpha emitter?

Posted: 19 Apr 2020 08:34 PM PDT

According to the wikipedia page on the poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko, the amount of Polonium in his body was pretty low (Although, of course, any amount of Polonium is much too much), and it took him three weeks to die:

The symptoms seen in Litvinenko appeared consistent with an administered activity of approximately 2 GBq (50 mCi) which corresponds to about 10 micrograms of 210Po. That is 200 times the median lethal dose of around 238 μCi or 50 nanograms in the case of ingestion.

The studies of the biodistribution of 210Po using gamma-ray spectrometry in post-mortem samples were used to estimate intake as 4.4 GBq.

Having read about Litvinenko, I was curious about what would happen if someone was made to ingest a larger dose of Polonium (Or another strong alpha emitter). According to the wikipedia page on Polonium, a one gram sample of Po 210 produces 140 watts of power, so it seems like the human body should be able to 'sustain' a much higher amount than Litvinenko swallowed without the heat destroying the body before the radiation kills you.

So... what's the chain of events that leads to death? Reading up on Acute Radiation Syndrome, all the information talks about radiation suffered from external sources, mostly the victims of Nagasaki and Hiroshima. But what about someone dying from a strong alpha emitter inside the body? Which parts of the human body shut down, and what ultimately kills you first when alpha radiation tears you apart from inside?

submitted by /u/Rhamni
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Why do some superheavy elements have a group while others don't?

Posted: 19 Apr 2020 07:09 PM PDT

In some periodic tables like this, Copernicium and Flerovium are classified as a transition metal and a post-transition metal respectively, while other elements beside them are still considered "unknown". Why are these 2 elements in a group while others aren't? What about them confirms that they are in those groups? Why can't we just put all the "unknown" elements into groups which they supposedly belong to?

submitted by /u/Ciltan
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Is entropy of formation always positive?

Posted: 19 Apr 2020 05:48 PM PDT

Why isn't ELISA or other serological tests being used to diagnose sars cov 2?

Posted: 19 Apr 2020 10:29 AM PDT

Aren't they cheaper and faster than PCR?

submitted by /u/ozymandias_san
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Vaccine clinical trials - Are mRNA vaccines (e.g. Moderna's) slower to develop?

Posted: 19 Apr 2020 07:20 AM PDT

Looking at this table (copied below), I am noticing that the mRNA vaccine from Moderna for COVID-19 is still in Phase I, whereas other vaccines that started in Phase I at around the same time, are already in Phase II.

From a statistical standpoint, is this difference in progress known to be attributable to the nature of mRNA vaccines in general? (and if so why?) The alternative would be that it's more attributable to random variation that would be vaccine-type agnostic.

Vaccine candidate Technology Phase of trial Location Duration
Ad5-nCoV (CanSino Biologics, Institute of Biotechnology of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences) Recombinant adenovirus type 5 vector Phase II interventional trial for dosing and side effects (500) Wuhan, China March 2020 to December 2020
Ad5-nCoV (CanSino Biologics, Institute of Biotechnology of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences) Recombinant adenovirus type 5 vector Phase I (108) Wuhan China March 2020 to December 2020
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (University of Oxford) Adenovirus vector Phase I-II, randomized, placebo-controlled, multiple sites (510) England, United Kingdom April 2020 to May 2021
mRNA-1273 (Moderna, US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) Lipid nanoparticle dispersion containing messenger RNA Phase I (45) United States March 2020 to Spring-Summer 2021
Covid-19/aAPC (Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute) Lentiviral vector, pathogen-specific artificial antigen presenting dendritic cells Phase I (100) Shenzhen, China March 2020 to 2023
LV-SMENP-DC (Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute) Lentiviral minigene vaccine, dendritic cells modified with lentiviral vector Phase I (100) Shenzhen, China March 2020 to 2023
INO-4800 (Inovio Pharmaceuticals, CEPI) DNA plasmid delivered by electroporation Phase I (40) United States April 2020 to November 2020

submitted by /u/AAAVR
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What happens if one star in a binary pair goes supernova close enough to the other star to be caught in the blast?

Posted: 19 Apr 2020 07:44 AM PDT

Also is the strong force responsible for supernovas? thanks.

submitted by /u/chungoscrungus
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How do wet dreams cause ejaculation without physical stimulation?

Posted: 19 Apr 2020 06:46 AM PDT

And why can this not be reproduced in a wakeful state?

submitted by /u/BroCast97
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How much does the earth's atmosphere condense (roughly), in vertical distance from the surface, during the winter?

Posted: 19 Apr 2020 08:13 AM PDT

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