AskScience AMA Series: I'm Gary Marcus, co-author of Rebooting AI with Ernest Davis. I work on robots, cognitive development, and AI. Ask me anything! | AskScience Blog

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Monday, September 16, 2019

AskScience AMA Series: I'm Gary Marcus, co-author of Rebooting AI with Ernest Davis. I work on robots, cognitive development, and AI. Ask me anything!

AskScience AMA Series: I'm Gary Marcus, co-author of Rebooting AI with Ernest Davis. I work on robots, cognitive development, and AI. Ask me anything!


AskScience AMA Series: I'm Gary Marcus, co-author of Rebooting AI with Ernest Davis. I work on robots, cognitive development, and AI. Ask me anything!

Posted: 16 Sep 2019 04:00 AM PDT

Hi everyone. I'm Gary Marcus, a scientist, best-selling author, professor, and entrepreneur.

I am founder and CEO of a Robust.AI with Rodney Brooks and others. I work on robots and AI and am well-known for my skepticism about AI, some of which was featured last week in Wired, The New York Times and Quartz.

Along with Ernest Davis, I've written a book called Rebooting AI, all about building machines we can trust and am here to discuss all things artificial intelligence - past, present, and future.

Find out more about me and the book at rebooting.ai, garymarcus.com, and on Twitter @garymarcus. For now, ask me anything!

Our guest will be available at 2pm ET/11am PT/18 UT

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How does a wave function change after scattering?

Posted: 15 Sep 2019 01:33 PM PDT

I'm trying to understand scattering theory in QM a little better.

What I'm trying to ask here—in more detail than the title—is how can the wave function be calculated after a scattering event? More specifically in the context of Compton and/or Thomson scattering.

submitted by /u/Comrade_Pingu_1917
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Is Double-Slit Experiment about measurement limitations or nature of the light?

Posted: 16 Sep 2019 07:02 AM PDT

Hi,

I was reading about Double-Slit experiment lately and Complementarity. Can we say that:
The act of "observing" affects the electrons/photos but this doesn't mean that the reality was not there. We don't have a way to measure our system without changing the information in it. This is still more a measurement limitation for me than explaining the nature of the light.

Is Double-Slit Experiment and Complementarity about measurement limitations or nature of the light?

submitted by /u/dorostanian
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In saving nearly extinct species, are we dooming them to generations of genetic disorders due to inbreeding?

Posted: 16 Sep 2019 05:55 AM PDT

Why do water pipes disrupt wireless signals?

Posted: 16 Sep 2019 05:51 AM PDT

What causes one to vomit during/after strenuous exercise?

Posted: 15 Sep 2019 07:27 PM PDT

Can we perceive a difference between green light and a mix of yellow and blue light?

Posted: 16 Sep 2019 05:38 AM PDT

I was thinking about how magenta is made up of red and violet light, and it got me wondering: I assume that a mix of yellow and blue light would be perceived as green, but do our brains interpret that differently than normal green light?

Also sorry I'm not sure if this should be flaired physics or neuroscience.

submitted by /u/ReynardVulpini
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How is the radius of huge stars defined when their average density almost qualifies as a vacuum in other contexts?

Posted: 16 Sep 2019 05:30 AM PDT

Stars like UY Scuti have huge radii of multiple hundreds of times the radius of the sun but "only" 5-20 times the mass. Calculating their average density puts them somewhere around ten to a hundred thousand times lower density than air. And that is before considering that most of the mass will be concentrated at the center (I assume?). So why is this considered the radius of the star as opposed to a "cloud of gas illuminated by the star" or so?

submitted by /u/Arth_Urdent
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How does the body decide which area of fat to break down for energy during exercise or fasting?

Posted: 16 Sep 2019 01:42 AM PDT

Could ooblek ever become a gas?

Posted: 15 Sep 2019 05:28 PM PDT

My 10-year-old cousin and I were watching Youtube videos on phases of matter when he asked me a question I couldn't answer. We searched Google and it didn't help, so I told him I would introduce him to r/askscience. Here he is with his question, thank you for any replies!

my question i have to ask you i thought if oobleck can turn into a solid and a liquid it mite be able to turn into gas.

Edit: These replies were great, we both learned something new today! He would like to say:

thank you for giving me a answer to my question and thanks a lot bye.

submitted by /u/osmanfamilyquestions
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Could microplastics change how our current era is perpetuated in the coming fossil records of the distant future?

Posted: 16 Sep 2019 05:55 AM PDT

There are microplastics everywhere today and in everything and everyone, at least as far as I know. So I wondered what that would mean for the really-really-long run.

When human civilization doesn't exist anymore and millions of years in the future scientists discover the remnants of us (along with the plastic everywhere), will they find something different than the fossils we found?

My logic is that, since plastic only breaks down into ever smaller pieces, it's eventually gonna end up in very tiny spaces. Could this lead to possibly changing the microstructure of the things that will be fossilized? Like e.g. a fossilized human ribcage or spine with microplastics in their microscopic crevices.

submitted by /u/DoggOwO
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Why are 12 volts and 5 volts such popular voltages for electronics?

Posted: 15 Sep 2019 05:15 PM PDT

Is there something intrinsically convenient about them, or is it just the standard we've been using forever so we keep using it?

submitted by /u/sarge21rvb
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How do we prove logical independence of propositions from an axiomatic theory?

Posted: 15 Sep 2019 09:20 PM PDT

For example, how is it proven that the continuum hypothesis is independent of ZFC?

From some reading, I understand that a proposition is independent of an axiomatic system if it can neither be proved nor disproved within that system, and that this means that we can take either the proposition or its negation as an axiom consistently ... or even take other axioms or their negations and then prove that the proposition in question is either true or false depending on whether the axiom or its negation is chosen.

But how do we establish that the proposition is altogether independent and definitely cannot be proven or disproven in the system, not just that we haven't found a way to prove or disprove it?

The reading I did before asking this question got into more advanced topics like models and forcing, which unfortunately I don't properly understand so it was all a bit over my head. If these ideas are necessary for an answer, would someone be kind enough to explain them in (over)simplified terms if that is at all possible? If it helps, my background is in computer science ... I'm not completely lacking when it comes to formal logic, but I am not a mathematician and I doubt I have a solid understanding of the important concepts here.

Thanks in advance!

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Can waste heat be recaptured on the ground from a rocket launch?

Posted: 16 Sep 2019 06:34 AM PDT

Whether launching from a planet with atmosphere or not, isn't even a little bit of recaptured energy worth it?

submitted by /u/StrongCute
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What are some real life examples where we can see conservation of angular momentum ?

Posted: 15 Sep 2019 07:23 PM PDT

What makes the left column of the periodic table (alkali metals plus hydrogen) so reactive?

Posted: 15 Sep 2019 04:32 PM PDT

How does the mitocondrial DNA change?

Posted: 15 Sep 2019 01:35 PM PDT

Hi. I have read that by studying the DNA in the mitocondria it's possible to identify when "Eve" lived. I understand that this happens because we receive our mitocondria from our mothers. But since the mitocondria does not mix with the father's genetic material, I don't understand how the differences in the mitocondrial DNA appear. Thanks in advance for your answers.

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Can you create a giant microwave using a bunch of WiFi routers?

Posted: 15 Sep 2019 09:30 PM PDT

I've heard that microwaves and WiFi operate on similar frequencies (2.4ghz). If this is true, could you fill a room with thousands of WiFi routers to cook some food? If so, how many routers would it take?

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Why do deserts only form above and below the equator and on the equator is where the densest rain forrest is, this seems counter intuitive... just look at google maps and you’ll see what I mean?

Posted: 16 Sep 2019 12:43 AM PDT

Side note there is no flair for geology questions? Is this because I'm asking this question in the wrong place?

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What is the relationship between temperature of a liquid and the time it takes for particles within it to settle?

Posted: 15 Sep 2019 03:51 PM PDT

I'm a winemaker and I always assumed that cold water leads to a faster settling of yeast and other murky characters after a fermentation.

I only assume this because it seems like less energy means less particle motion and I have always noticed cold bodies of water tend to be clearer than warm ones.

Can anyone break this down for me?

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How is muscle damage for growth (from working out for example) different from just straight up muscle damage?

Posted: 15 Sep 2019 04:45 PM PDT

I've heard many things about growing muscle and building strength, but I hear a lot of things along the lines of "you need to cause some damage to your muscles, so when they rebuild, they'll be stronger". In what way does that kind of muscle damage differ from say, a minor muscle tear, strain, or other injury?

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What is the diffrence between the Tor browser and a VPN? Could you use Tor instead of a VPN?

Posted: 15 Sep 2019 11:46 AM PDT

Are prokaryotes capable of lysing foreign cells?

Posted: 15 Sep 2019 04:19 PM PDT

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