Does the Doppler effect affect transmissions from probes, such as New Horizons, and do space agencies have to counter this in when both sending and receiving information? | AskScience Blog

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Wednesday, January 2, 2019

Does the Doppler effect affect transmissions from probes, such as New Horizons, and do space agencies have to counter this in when both sending and receiving information?

Does the Doppler effect affect transmissions from probes, such as New Horizons, and do space agencies have to counter this in when both sending and receiving information?


Does the Doppler effect affect transmissions from probes, such as New Horizons, and do space agencies have to counter this in when both sending and receiving information?

Posted: 02 Jan 2019 04:47 AM PST

I am amazed that New Horizons is able to send information 4 billion miles using a 15w transmitter. When receiving data from New Horizons, are there times when the information is missed?

Posted: 01 Jan 2019 02:07 PM PST

If so, can it be resent by the probe, or reconstructed here on Earth by inferring what the data might have been based on what was received?

submitted by /u/JakeInVan
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What is the most elastic material we know of?

Posted: 02 Jan 2019 01:58 AM PST

That will return to its initial shape, I mean - like a rubber band and not like gum.

What is the maximum length multiplier it would be capable of? 5x? 10x? 20x?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/ur_lil_vulture_bee
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Considering the enormous number of memories we retain into old age, what was all of that brain matter being used for before these memories were stored?

Posted: 01 Jan 2019 07:44 AM PST

Where does mold come from?

Posted: 01 Jan 2019 10:12 PM PST

Like how does it just start growing on bread in a house with no other molds? Where does it come from?

submitted by /u/Nelog
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How does electrical input become digital information?

Posted: 02 Jan 2019 02:13 AM PST

I'm not a computer scientist but I sort of vaguely get the idea of (excuse my amateur terminology) binary electrical input being transmitted through certain hardware to become information on a screen. But somewhere along the way, physical "dits and das" turn into digitally stored information so that a certain combination creates a certain appearance on screen that has certain functions given certain commands. It's hard for me to explain but I just don't understand where in the process the electrical input becomes a complex digital arrangement of data.

submitted by /u/Sapiencia6
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What about it's electron configuration makes titanium such a chemically resistant metal and so different from other transition metals?

Posted: 01 Jan 2019 03:12 PM PST

Ask Anything Wednesday - Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Posted: 02 Jan 2019 07:11 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Why is Tritium so ridiculously expensive?

Posted: 02 Jan 2019 07:25 AM PST

I am a huge fan of self-powered radioluminescent light sources powered by tritium like keychains. For a long time I have been wondering why isn't there anything more powerful (like a flashlight) since such keychains output is something like couple hundred microlumens. After a quick web search I found out that tritium price is in the range of 30.000 USD per gram making it one of the most expensive substances on Earth.

I would like to learn why is that so. From what I understand tritium is produced as a waste product in heavy water moderated reactors in quantities exceeding commercial demand and that it can also be made from lithium (which is a common and cheap metal) by neutron capture. Is it so difficult and expensive to separate tritium from deuterium in reactors moderator? Is it so difficult to insert a lithium rod into an ordinary nuclear reactor in order to irradiate it with neutrons and then extract resulting tritium?

I wish to understand difficulties behind tritium production and where does the high cost come from.

submitted by /u/M_ish_A
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If you lost an extreme amounts of weight, through exercise or surgery, could you use the excess skin for graphing for burn victims?

Posted: 01 Jan 2019 07:00 PM PST

What is the maximum resolution for optical fiber bundles (like the ones in endoscopes)? Could one, say, make a 20 MP "noodle lens" for a smartphone camera? What would be the caveats (e.g. thickness, color fidelity)?

Posted: 01 Jan 2019 03:10 PM PST

EDIT: /u/everythingiscausal pointed out that I misused the word "lens", since fiber bundles only transmit the light. It would require an additional lens in order to focus light. My question is more about the "noodle" part rather than the "lens".

submitted by /u/onemanequipe
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Is it possible to culture healthy gut bacteria outside of the body with the intention of reintroducing it?

Posted: 01 Jan 2019 07:48 PM PST

Basically here's the process I envision,

Step 1: Bacteria is collected from source or possibly multiple sources

Step 2: Bacteria is placed in an environment that as closesly matches the human digestive tract as possible

Step 3: Nutrients from healthy foods are introduced at regular times to promote growth of wanted bacteria

Step 4: Reintroduce healthy bacteria into system

I'm laying it out very simply here as I know of some hurdles and potential issues that would need to be overcome and accounted for. But I'm curious if it is possible and if it's been done.

Edit: Should be tagged under Medicine but wasn't given the option in RIF.

submitted by /u/RDBRULZ
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What defines the speed of a reaction?

Posted: 02 Jan 2019 06:49 AM PST

Is it just how fast I happens or there are another factor to consider?

submitted by /u/awripedes
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can solar storms permanently alter earth's magnetic field in some way?

Posted: 01 Jan 2019 07:02 PM PST

Do alcoholics develop kidney stones as often as non-drinkers?

Posted: 01 Jan 2019 04:06 PM PST

I know lots of fluid intake can help prevent kidney stones, and this made me start wondering...

Do alcoholics develop kidney stones at a similar rate as non-drinkers? Or does the dehydrating factor of alcohol negate this?

submitted by /u/Pwatapous
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If metals are said to be conductive because the valence electrons and bounded more loosely, why is Silver more conductive than heavier metals where the valence electrons are further away from the attractive force of the nucleus? (e.g: Uranium)

Posted: 01 Jan 2019 07:29 PM PST

Are metals thermally conductive for the same reason that they’re electrically conductive?

Posted: 01 Jan 2019 09:40 AM PST

I know that metals are electrically conductive because of the electrons' ability to travel freely from one atom to the next. Are they thermally conductive for that reason too? The electrons can travel freely from one atom to the next, meaning they take that kinetic energy with them and pass it along?

Edit: As a follow up question, what are some examples of any material, metal or not, that have mismatched conductivities? High thermal and low electrical, or vice versa.

submitted by /u/Landonian
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How did we come to know that our galaxy is spiral?

Posted: 01 Jan 2019 05:20 AM PST

When giving a vaccination or some other shot, how is it ensured that no air is injected into the body?

Posted: 01 Jan 2019 05:17 PM PST

I am giving my cat twice daily insulin shots - I have followed all directions to remove air from the body of the syringe/ insulin being injected, but wondering if air is pushed into the needle as you actually penetrate the skin making it for naught? Note that I am not jabbing the poor little guy from 10 feet away just curious if any air could get involved from administering a shot.

submitted by /u/dahliafluffy
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Why is the average height of people with Downs Syndrome much shorter than that of someone without?

Posted: 01 Jan 2019 11:40 AM PST

Why does combustion lead to air pollution? Couldn't we easily convert these particulates into solid waste that could be easily stored or disposed-of?

Posted: 01 Jan 2019 06:25 PM PST

From what I understand about air pollution, the main problem is solid waste particulates floating into the sky. Couldn't we find ways to keep this waste at ground-level?

submitted by /u/Vladith
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How can the weight of an object/gas more buoyant than air be determined? For example, how can the mass of a helium balloon be determined?

Posted: 01 Jan 2019 07:35 PM PST

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