Why are Geese still flying south in the middle of winter? | AskScience Blog

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Thursday, January 24, 2019

Why are Geese still flying south in the middle of winter?

Why are Geese still flying south in the middle of winter?


Why are Geese still flying south in the middle of winter?

Posted: 23 Jan 2019 05:08 PM PST

I was outside a couple of days ago and there were hundreds of geese flying over Calgary Alberta. It's quite cold here so why are they flying en masse at this time of year?

Edit: I know they're flying south because it's warmer. I want to know why there's so many flying south now when it has been cold for months already.

submitted by /u/niqomi
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What happens to lab rats that survive LD50 tests?

Posted: 24 Jan 2019 03:42 AM PST

Presumably there are some that survive, are the survivors then exterminated, are the watched for more long-term effects, or are they "recycled" for tests involving different substances?

submitted by /u/Koolaidguy541
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What causes Triboluminescence, where sparks appear when glass or hardened sugar for example is shattered?

Posted: 24 Jan 2019 07:24 AM PST

What disease (if exist) the humans can transmit to cats?

Posted: 24 Jan 2019 07:36 AM PST

We commonly know that the cats can transmit Toxoplasmosis to humans, but in the oposite side: the humans can transmit something to cats?

submitted by /u/hapynez
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Is it possible to determine air temperature by sound?

Posted: 24 Jan 2019 05:41 AM PST

It's currently quite cold outside (considerably below freezing), and the other day it occurred to me that the traffic and noise sounds different. Of course rubber compounds of cars' tires will be harder than usual, despite being winter tire compound, resulting in more and different noise. But it seemed like everything, people, birds, city noise and so on, sounded more... crisp.

Is it possible that the air's compressibility or impedance changes with temperature that it somehow affects dispersion? Or is it density? Viscosity? You can gauge water temperature by the sound that it makes when pouring it out, so I would think that the same may apply to air.

submitted by /u/Radioactdave
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How do you reduce the sound of supersonic boom and make commercial supersonic flights feasible without generating too much pollution and noise?

Posted: 24 Jan 2019 05:56 AM PST

I found many reports on NASA making supersonic quieter, but none of them explain exactly why and how.

submitted by /u/Parabolica27
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Why do we feel nauseous after getting hit in the head?

Posted: 24 Jan 2019 07:35 AM PST

Are bacteria more resistant to UV radiation than eukaryotes?

Posted: 23 Jan 2019 11:23 PM PST

Is a railgun chamber sealed up tight like a traditional firearm? If it is, does negative atmospheric pressure develop behind the projectile as it moves down the barrel? If it does, does it represent a problem or velocity limitation that has to be dealt with somehow? If so, how?

Posted: 23 Jan 2019 03:27 PM PST

Why do I only seem to hear about “upper” respiratory infections but never “lower” ones? Is there such a thing?

Posted: 23 Jan 2019 05:35 PM PST

Also, if they are a thing, what would a "lower" respiratory infection be in relation to an "upper" respiratory infection

submitted by /u/dfsnerd
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On a bicycle, do fatter tires = more friction?

Posted: 23 Jan 2019 09:05 PM PST

Assuming same tread patterns.

Bonus question: How much of an aerodynamic penalty is there with fatter tires?

submitted by /u/Cool_Ranchu
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Why does petroleum jelly help dry skin? Like how does it keep skin ‘moisturized’?

Posted: 23 Jan 2019 09:34 PM PST

When your rods are damaged, you see in black and white. What would you see in the opposite case?

Posted: 24 Jan 2019 06:39 AM PST

Are there people who have working only cones, but not rods? What does their image of the world look like? I was trying to simulate it in GIMP but then realized it's might not be possible to see the colors without the darkness - see https://www.google.cz/search?hl=en&gbv=2&dcr=0&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=FJ6NWoTZOsSvkwW477eABw&q=rgb+channels&oq=rgb+channels&gs_l=psy-ab.3..0j0i24k1l3.62443.62680.0.62848.2.2.0.0.0.0.138.222.1j1.2.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..0.2.221....0.5hvKS6sDot0#imgrc=Da0lKZFhijAy1M:

submitted by /u/kyrgyzstanec
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Did modern mammal lineage split before or after the KT-extinction event?

Posted: 24 Jan 2019 06:33 AM PST

Obviously we know that the KT extinction event, famous for the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs, opened up the ecological niches that mammals shortly thereafter evolved to fill, but do we have evidence that any two modern mammals had a MRCA that dates prior to this event? What evidence have we found (fossil, DNA, etc)?

Or phrased differently, do all extant mammals share a MRCA post- or pre-KT extinction, and how did we discover this?

submitted by /u/Arnistle
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Pregnancy Test - Why does the time needed to expose the stick differ for direct stream or placing it into a container full of urine? Direct stream is only for 5 seconds yet placing in a container is 20 seconds. Surely it should be the same, but it's not.

Posted: 24 Jan 2019 04:45 AM PST

BrainHQ brain training games : do they actually improve memory or do they just make you good at the games?

Posted: 23 Jan 2019 08:54 PM PST

Scientific consensus on Memory Training

Scientific consensus about brain training was that it just makes you good at the games you are playing. The skills won't reflect into improving real world skills. It won't even help improve closely related tasks.

For example if you practice a game where you remember a sequence of digits you will learn exactly that. It won't help you remember lyrics to a song or remember your shopping list.

The company lumosity was fined by the FDA for false advertising. The company CogMed which was even recommended by psychologists earlier is now unheard of.

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jan/06/lumosity-fined-false-claims-brain-training-online-games-mental-health

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/brain-training-doesn-t-make-you-smarter/

https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/brain-games-are-bogus

So, the common advice was that if you want to improve a specific skill. Eg: chess, programming, math, cooking etc. Just practice doing that instead. It will make you good at it. Brain training is a waste of time.

London Taxi Cab Study

It is found that in London Taxi cab drivers the part in the hippocampus that involves remembering streets and directions became larger after several years in the profession. But overall hippocampus size was not changed. So, the improvement came at a cost of something else.

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/london-taxi-memory/

https://www.bbc.com/news/health-16086233

As would be expected, they were better at memory tasks involving London landmarks than the non-cabbies, but this advantage appeared to come at a price, as the non-cabbies outperformed them in other memory tasks, such as recalling complex visual information.

Posit Science and Professor Merzenich

Then comes this new company called Posit Science (BrainHQ)

https://www.brainhq.com/welcome

This company is trying very hard to distance themselves from the likes of CogMed and Lumosity by claiming that their games are based on actual science. The main scientist involved in this is Michael Merzenich. Reading his bio it's evident that he is really a very distinguished neuroscientist in the scientific community.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Merzenich

https://www.cogmed.com/

Criticism of their claims to improve attention

Double Decision

A study they site most often is the ACTIVE study. It made participants play a game called Double Decision. A vehicle pops up in the center of the screen. At the same time a sign appears at the edge of the screen. Then you are given two vehicles out of which you have to select the one that appeared at the center and also pick the spot where the sign appeared. It trains you to focus at two things at the same time. The study claims that in the portion who played the game car accidents where the person is at fault reduced by around 40%.

https://www.brainhq.com/world-class-science/published-research/active-study

https://www.brainhq.com/why-brainhq/about-the-brainhq-exercises/attention/double-decision

Criticism of their claims to improve memory.

For games that claim to improve things like memory I didn't find any such long term studies. And I don't feel how they are any different from the ones from Lumosity and Cogmed. I will explain this with some example games.

To-Do List Training

You hear a audio recording.

"Pick up the hammer , then the saw, and then the mat..."

"Once you pick up the mat, then pick up the ball and the screw.."

You have to remember this and press on buttons corresponding the items.

https://www.brainhq.com/why-brainhq/about-the-brainhq-exercises/memory/do-list-training

The items to remember are the same when the game progress. So how do we know that simply we get good at remembering these specific items. For example what I do is I forget the sentences and remember the items only.

hammer, saw, mat...

So, this games makes me good at remembering a series of words.

Syllable Stacks

Same as above but with sounds instead of sentences.

https://www.brainhq.com/why-brainhq/about-the-brainhq-exercises/memory/syllable-stacks

Memory Grid

There are cards when you click on one you hear a sound. You have to match the cards with the same sound. A variation of this game was there in my black and white nokia 1100 15 years ago.

https://www.brainhq.com/why-brainhq/about-the-brainhq-exercises/memory/memory-grid

Similar criticism as above.

Scene Crasher

You are shown items on the table for a brief time. Then it's shown again. You have to pick the item that was not there the first time.

https://www.brainhq.com/why-brainhq/about-the-brainhq-exercises/memory/scene-crasher

What I do is I remember a pattern in which the items appear. In the second image I see if the pattern is deviated. Sometimes it's just a hunch. How often a scenario like this have any practical application? Someone shows me a picture or a board with text and immediately after shows me another similar one and asks me to spot the difference?

So, in these games I don't see how you are not just improving in the game.

You get good at remembering a combination of same words.

You get good at remembering a combination of some sounds.

You get good at finding which item was missing from a picture.

Final thoughts on BriainHQ

As most people I trust scientific opinion. Reputation of Professor Merzenich is crucial factor for me to give BrainHQ a try. Once my psychologist suggested CogMed but because of lack of evidence I was very keen on it. Those companies prey on the vulnerable people desperate to improve their cognitive function. Tricking them into thinking they are improving when they are just getting good at the game.

I thought BrainHQ was different and actually based on science. My main focus is to improve both my long term and short term memory. I'm a programmer by profession and it would really help me if I could do this. Learn new technologies faster. Remember a function I read in a different file 10 seconds ago etc.

I admit that the ACTIVE study looks legitimate. But it is about a game out of their 20 other games. But it feels disingenuous to use this to push other games that promises to improve other faculties like memory. Games that might not have the same evidence.

So, am I wasting time and money on this trying to improve my memory? Am I better off with just learning programming in that time.

I hope a scientist working for BrainHQ sees this and is able to clarify my doubts and concerns.

submitted by /u/enzio901
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What is more corrosive, something with pH 1 or 14?

Posted: 23 Jan 2019 02:10 PM PST

Is there a build up of sediment/material along subduction zones or is the entire plate and everything attached to it subducted?

Posted: 23 Jan 2019 07:15 PM PST

For example, imagine an oceanic plate in a tropical region abundant with reefs/corals subducting underneath a neighboring continental plate. Does all of that reef material and surface sediment that has not been lithified get subducted as well, or is there evidence of it "scraping" (for lack of a better term) off the top of the subducted oceanic plate and building up against the continental plate above the actual boundary where subduction occurs? What do these places where subduction actually occurs look like?

submitted by /u/nervous-cat
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What is the closest thing in space where there is meaningful measurable red shift that is caused by the expansion of the universe?

Posted: 23 Jan 2019 11:35 PM PST

What is the standard procedure when a nuclear-powered vessel is lost at sea?

Posted: 24 Jan 2019 03:01 AM PST

Beyond the obvious rescue of the crew if possible, is anything done to contain/recover the radioactive materials from the reactor(s)?

A friend and I were discussing this, and we aren't really sure. If this isn't the right sub, feel free to point me in the right direction.

submitted by /u/Shock_Hazzard
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Why are carbon emissions calculated per capita, not by the whole area of the country?

Posted: 24 Jan 2019 02:26 AM PST

Are there any scientifically proven reasons behind calculating the total amount of yearly emissions per capita, not by land area?

submitted by /u/elpatricio96
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Where did bed bugs live before humans invented beds?

Posted: 23 Jan 2019 01:03 PM PST

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