What happens to the molecules containing radioactive isotopes when the atoms decay? | AskScience Blog

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Thursday, December 8, 2016

What happens to the molecules containing radioactive isotopes when the atoms decay?

What happens to the molecules containing radioactive isotopes when the atoms decay?


What happens to the molecules containing radioactive isotopes when the atoms decay?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 05:00 AM PST

I'm a chemistry major studying organic synthesis and catalysis, but something we've never talked about is the molecular effects of isotopic decay. It's fairly common knowledge that carbon-14 dating relies on decay into nitrogen-14, but of course nitrogen and carbon have very different chemical properties. The half life of carbon-14 is very long, which means that the conversion of carbon to nitrogen doesn't happen at an appreciable rate, but nonetheless something has to happen to the molecules in which the carbon is located when it suddenly becomes a nitrogen atom. Has this been studied? Does the result vary for sp3, sp2, and sp hybridized carbons? Does the degree of substitution effect the resulting products (primary, secondary, and so on)? I imagine this can be considered for other elements as well (isotopes with shorter, more "studyable" half-lives), but the fact that carbon can form so many different types of bonds makes this particular example very interesting to me.

submitted by /u/IanTheChemist
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If color is the non-absorption of specific wavelengths, wouldn't a 'red' laser consist of every color except red?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 06:33 AM PST

Normal stars are made out of hydrogen which undergoes fusion. Can I make a star out of any element, provided I have enough mass to fuse that element? Say, Iron?

Posted: 07 Dec 2016 08:25 AM PST

An addition, I am aware of the "iron peak", so what about an element lighter than iron but still not helium or hydrogen?

submitted by /u/labtec901
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Do Godel's Incompleteness theorems currently have use whatsoever in Physics? If not, might they some day?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 04:41 AM PST

I am plowing through Godel Escher Bach for the second time at the moment (amazing read) and I was curious as the what connection (if any) the strange incompleteness of formal systems has with the physical universe.

submitted by /u/godelbrot
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If we could synthesize antibodies could we use them to treat immunocompromised people?

Posted: 07 Dec 2016 11:10 PM PST

Let's say we manage to find a process to duplicate antibodies, could we make a whole bunch of them and inject them into a patient to help the immune system fight the infection?

submitted by /u/FatGecko5
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Why could I hear the pilots radio comms through my noise-cancelling headphones?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 01:20 AM PST

I fly quite a bit and I always wear my noise cancelling headphones when I do. But this morning while we were waiting to take off I could hear the pilots radio communication coming through.

I was listening to music on my phone (on flight mode), and I can't figure out the mechanism which would allow the radio comms to be picked up...

I tried turning off the noise cancelling and it appeared to stop, but he might have just stopped talking - it's hard to tell.

submitted by /u/rabbyt
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What makes cling wrap clingy?

Posted: 07 Dec 2016 05:07 PM PST

Does hot antimatter glow with antiphotons?

Posted: 07 Dec 2016 06:46 PM PST

So, if we heated a bar of anti-iron up so it was glowing with blackbody radiation, would the photons be antiphotons and would they collide with photons to eliminate each other .... and if they did would they become energy since photons are already energy?

submitted by /u/ChocolateBallSack
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According to the CDC, "There is one suicide for every estimated 25 suicide attempts." and, "There is one suicide for every estimated 4 suicide attempts in the elderly." Why the difference?

Posted: 07 Dec 2016 02:39 PM PST

Is it just physical frailty, access to deadly prescription medication, life knowledge, etc? Is it known why there is a higher success rate among the elderly?

submitted by /u/lavenderfart
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How would it feel to dive into a mafic lava flow?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 03:58 AM PST

How long would you live for?

submitted by /u/cashewtrailmix
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How are we able to observe Earthrise from the moon if the moon is tidally locked with Earth?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 05:47 AM PST

I was thinking of an Earth rise conceptually; wouldn't the Earth stay in one spot in the moon sky because the moon is tidally locked to Earth? I saw this .gif and now I'm wondering if the moon isn't perfectly tidally locked or if the video was taken during ascent/descent.

submitted by /u/Avenged_Bear
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Since black holes destroy all matter, including photons, does that mean that the coldest parts of the universe are black holes?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 05:24 AM PST

AskHistorians is holding an AMA on Medieval Automata, come check it out!

Posted: 07 Dec 2016 07:43 PM PST

Looking at Cassini's latest Saturn images, is there any way of knowing /guessing (for a layman) how deep/high certain cloud layers are?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 03:58 AM PST

Image in question is "Over Saturn's Turbulent North", posted on December 6, 2016.

I'm having a hard time picturing anything other than a flat, beautifully marbled cloud "surface". Is it possible to measure / guess at how deep certain cloud banks are (aka "the white, whispy clouds are .... km high, lying on darker bands of lower clouds, made up of...") and what they would look like if one where to fly through them (something like this image posted on ircamera.as.arizona.edu).

submitted by /u/iBreak140
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is there any limit to how big a supermassive blackhole can be (size/mass)? what is the biggest we have found yet?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 03:25 AM PST

Are there some good alternative explanations or hypotheses in place of the dark matter theory?

Posted: 07 Dec 2016 07:43 PM PST

The fact that something like dark matter exists in such a large quantity that is yet undetectable seems less likely to me than an alternative explanation like, maybe the laws of physics act differently in space in different places or this extra mass I see made up of a bunch of tiny black holes everywhere

submitted by /u/dkschrute79
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Why does Aluminium-to-Aluminium has a higher friction coef than other metal-to-metal systems?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 06:02 AM PST

Based on this information, it seems as if aluminium to aluminium has a higher friction coefficient than copper to copper, iron to iron, and teflon to teflon.

Such that Al to Al has a higher friction than both softer/weaker and harder/stronger materials, which throws me off as there does not seem to be a clear pattern?

How does copper on copper, and iron on iron, have the same friction coefficient, given their vastly different properties?

How does material affect friction after all?

submitted by /u/Ne_Oublie
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Is the shape of a popcorn kernel more predictable than the shape of a snowflake? If so, why?

Posted: 07 Dec 2016 08:45 PM PST

What limits planet spinning speed? How fast planet is able to spin?

Posted: 07 Dec 2016 09:18 AM PST

So for example how fast planet with earth size and mass could spin?

submitted by /u/M4d4o
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Is a magnet's magnetic field get stronger the smaller it is?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 01:27 AM PST

Why does it get stronger as it gets smaller? Just because the fields are and can be closer together? If so, If I could print a magnet what would happen if I print them in a spiral or coil? Would the fields combine?

Edit 1: Not sure if this belongs in physics but seemed like the best choice.

submitted by /u/Exquisite_Death
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Can animals see the stars?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 12:25 AM PST

Humans can see under good circumstances maybe 6000 stars. Have other animals this capability? My guess is not too many. Can we count ourselves lucky to be able to experience this sight?

submitted by /u/shele
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How were heavy elements formed?

Posted: 08 Dec 2016 12:12 AM PST

Can someone give me a semi-layman's explanation on the formation of heavy elements? I know that metals such as carbon and iron can be formed within stars, but how did much heavier elements than those form in the early universe? My original understanding came from a very basic Carl Sagan explanation, but that's not quite comprehensive enough to really explain it to me. Can anyone shed some more light on this for me?

submitted by /u/jimmy_costigan
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Why/how do antidepressants make your dreams more intense and strange?

Posted: 07 Dec 2016 03:26 PM PST

I've been taking lexapro for a few months now and my dreams went from normal and mild, to absolutely fucked up and intense. Why exactly does that happen?

submitted by /u/InfestedBroodlord
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