[Biology] Is it theoretically possible for a human to stop producing digestive waste? | AskScience Blog

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Monday, December 5, 2016

[Biology] Is it theoretically possible for a human to stop producing digestive waste?

[Biology] Is it theoretically possible for a human to stop producing digestive waste?


[Biology] Is it theoretically possible for a human to stop producing digestive waste?

Posted: 04 Dec 2016 04:54 PM PST

If such a food existed that only gave the body exactly what it needed, could humans stop urination or defecation?

submitted by /u/ThePlanetX
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How can light carry momentum if it has no mass?

Posted: 04 Dec 2016 05:53 AM PST

Why does the Laplace Transform work?

Posted: 04 Dec 2016 06:16 PM PST

I study electrical engineering and we started using Laplace transforms. The only explanation we've gotten is that it's useful in solving problems. This is true, but why does it work? I have no intuition about why we're doing what we're doing with regard to performing the Laplace

submitted by /u/iRoastaJWhenIWakeUp
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How are food calories scientifically measured, and how well does this reflect what is actually biologically available in living systems?

Posted: 04 Dec 2016 12:21 PM PST

What I have read suggests that basic values for caloric content are derived from bomb calorimeter studies, which seems to just represent how much heat energy can be given off by the substance through igniting it making careful measurements.

Obviously this would not be a perfect surrogate for calories available to all living systems. For instance humans are unable to digest cellulose, so although it could give off energy on ignition, it would not be biologically available to humans. So how did we figure out calorie content for various complex foods and what its functional impact would be on human nutrition?

submitted by /u/SixtySecondsWorth
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Does learning change our genetics?

Posted: 04 Dec 2016 05:13 PM PST

Let's say I have two generations of humans. Let's say over 100 years there are five generations so a new person every 20 years. If I teach math up to the college level every generation in generation A but teach math up to junior high to ever generation in generation B, will the 6th generation of generation A be able to learn math better than the 6th generation of generation B? That is, if everything is held constant, does raw acquisition of knowledge change our genetics in such a way that the next generation will have genetics that will incline them to acquire knowledge quicker or understand information better? I hope I clarified the question, but if not please let me know, and I'll use another example.

submitted by /u/ArrowsUp
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Why doesn't the latest sunrise or earliest sunset coincide with the shortest day of the year?

Posted: 05 Dec 2016 06:17 AM PST

Why are they are always off by a few days? For example, In Sydney NSW (AU), the shortest day of the year was June 21, but the latest sunrise was not until Jun 24, and the earliest sunset was on each day between Jun 5 and 18.

submitted by /u/1BitcoinOrBust
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Could you still accelerate on a playground swing if the fulcrum were perfectly frictionless, or would all your body motions just cancel out?

Posted: 04 Dec 2016 12:59 PM PST

This one is doing a real number on my mechanics intuition!

On our frictionless swing, just pulling with your arms and kicking with your legs seems like it should be futile, since the forces should all cancel out when you pull your arms and legs back.

BUT, if you were to stand up on this frictionless swing, lean forward a bit, then jump and yank the chain up behind you, it seems like you could impart some energy into the system.

OK, so then what is happening when you normally pump up a swing with energy? Are you doing a trick using the friction in the fulcrum? Or are you doing a version of the above "jumping" inside your own body somehow? Or a combination of both?

Gack, my brain!

submitted by /u/SumDumScientist
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How do we know dates from genetics?

Posted: 04 Dec 2016 04:13 PM PST

There's a lot of genetics-based inferences about population migrations and evolution. Take this sentence from wikipedia for example:

Sub-group X2 appears to have undergone extensive population expansion and dispersal around or soon after the Last Glacial Maximum, about 21,000 years ago.

The 21,000 years figure is based on what?

How much confidence should I put on this kind of knowledge?

submitted by /u/joe462
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Why is three phosphorylations the limit of Adenosine and not two or four?

Posted: 04 Dec 2016 02:32 PM PST

Totally not procrastinating listening to protein kinase lecture.

submitted by /u/ZachF8119
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How do my eyes 'know' it is dark and therefore time to dilate?

Posted: 05 Dec 2016 04:55 AM PST

Are there any parts of Earth that cannot be photographed from a space satellite?

Posted: 04 Dec 2016 01:43 PM PST

... due to physics. Maybe the satellite can't fly over that part of the Earth due to orbital physics? Or some other law of physics preventing any satellites from being able to fly over that part of Earth?

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Can we predict the bulk properties of elements in the island of stability?

Posted: 04 Dec 2016 12:54 PM PST

In Schlock Mercenary, they use those elements as unobtainium like they're super strong. Do we know if they are? Do we have reason to expect them to be?

While I'm at it, how about metastable metallic hydrogen? I'm not even entirely clear as to if that would be a liquid or solid.

submitted by /u/DCarrier
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Why aren't the caps from plastic bottles recyclable?

Posted: 04 Dec 2016 09:41 AM PST

And why don't they make recyclable caps?

They always tell you to remove the cap before recycling, but what about that little ring that stays around the bottleneck when the cap is twisted off?

EDIT: My first post here, please be gentle. I flaired as "Earth Sciences" because I'm not sure where recycling fits in. Maybe Chemistry instead?

submitted by /u/disposable_account01
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Can seawater be used in resomation/ alkaline hydrolysis?

Posted: 04 Dec 2016 09:57 AM PST

Aubre De Grey's SENS program. Real science or pure speculation?

Posted: 04 Dec 2016 04:02 PM PST

Some of you might be familiar with Aubrey De Grey's talks and his research via the SENS foundation. He is a gerontologist and basically claims that it can be possible in the next decades to develop therapies that will reverse the effect of aging, making everyone live a lot longer (maybe 1000s of years) as people will mostly not die of cancer or Alzheimers or other diseases of old age.

There's been many crackpots claiming things like this through history but Aubrey has explained his methods in detail in his book Ending Aging, he's a respectable scientist and there's even been an open contest to disproof his theories, to the result of "this stuff is not impossible but looks difficult". So there's at least some plausibility and credentials behind the whole effort.

Here's an introduction to his "7 step" program to cure all effect of aging. Therapies that address all 7 can potentially revert the body to a younger state (his claim).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategies_for_Engineered_Negligible_Senescence

The question is, especially for other gerontologists and biologists in the hall. How crazy is all this? I've heard before that although not impossible, some of the claims behind some of those specific "7 steps" are wildly optimistic and not likely to happen in 100s of years. For example, one of those steps seems to be basically similar to "cure cancer". Is that accurate?

I'm 100% disinterested in the moral/ethical angle of all this (where would we put all people? Wouldn't just the rich live forever? Etc.). I'm just interested in the question, is it possible? Likely? SENS foundation is woefully underfunded so even if there's a remote possibility that this could all work it stands to reason we should all donate them money to find out.

A video of him explaining his methods (there's hundreds in YouTube, also interviews and debates)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMAwnA5WvLc

His foundation:

http://www.sens.org/

His book

https://www.amazon.com/Ending-Aging-Rejuvenation-Breakthroughs-Lifetime/dp/0312367074

submitted by /u/LazerEyesVR
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Do other properties like charge have a similar relationship to space-time as mass?

Posted: 04 Dec 2016 11:46 AM PST

Hypothetically, if you were able to concentrate a large amount of positive (or negative) charge, for example, would you observe space-time curvature that resembles what happens with large concentrations of mass? If not, would there be any other expected changes, and what is it that's "special" about mass in comparison to other similar scalar properties?

submitted by /u/dark-eyes
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Is there any natural evidence of the higher dimensions or have we totally made the concept up?

Posted: 04 Dec 2016 12:03 PM PST

It makes sense (though I can barely comprehend it) and was wondering if there has been any real sitings of fourth dimensional objects or activity. I was thinking maybe in quantum level since I heard the physics there doesn't behave normally?

submitted by /u/Gmoore5
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Can you measure irrational numbers in real life?

Posted: 04 Dec 2016 12:30 PM PST

My roommate asked me this a couple minutes ago and we could not figure it out. She was looking at the kitchen floor tiles and wondering how the diagonal of the tile, assuming the tile is a 1x1 square, can be measured with a ruler if it is an irrational number (square root of 2).

I believe that with a infinitely sensitive ruler, we could be able to measure it right.

Is the reasoning correct? What are your thoughts scientists?

Thanks

submitted by /u/camparispritz
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Why do inductors become open circuits at high or "infinite" frequency?

Posted: 04 Dec 2016 08:21 PM PST

My understanding is that the frequency changing nearly instantaneously would essentially fry the inductor as it tries to resist change in current. So, is this correct and is there more to it? Or am I going in the wrong direction?

submitted by /u/wowwowwubzzzzie
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What creates chaos in a dynamical, 4-body celestial system with zero total momentum?

Posted: 04 Dec 2016 11:52 AM PST

I've used a program called VPython to create a 4-body system in which the positions and velocities of the bodies are numerically integrated from the universal law of gravitation. Giving each body some initial momentum such that the total momentum is equal to zero, the simulation shows the bodies rotating in closed orbits of some kind about their combined center of mass. At some point, however, the system always destabilizes itself, and the orbits become chaotic. Does anybody know that might cause this? If not an error in the accuracy of the code, is this rooted in some aspect of chaos theory that I do not understand? Thank you for any help.

submitted by /u/bobobob19
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How do animals consciously control chromatophores? How do their brains interface with the cells?

Posted: 04 Dec 2016 09:48 AM PST

How much CO2 does the internet produce now?

Posted: 04 Dec 2016 11:20 AM PST

I've searched a bit for this question but i couldnt find an accurate description that seemed trusted AND is recent (i figured this changed a very lot last years)

so i wonder how much CO2 or energy the internet uses globally in X amount of time. This is probablly a very hard question considering you could include or exclude production and use (eg charging) of hardware, keeping up servers, etc etc.

Well i dont even know how to phrase this better but i think the question in general is clear :3

submitted by /u/ilcaput
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