[Astronomy] Do we know enough about the heavy metal output of supernovae to speculate as to what the mass of the first generation of stars was? What do we know about the first stars? | AskScience Blog

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Monday, December 19, 2016

[Astronomy] Do we know enough about the heavy metal output of supernovae to speculate as to what the mass of the first generation of stars was? What do we know about the first stars?

[Astronomy] Do we know enough about the heavy metal output of supernovae to speculate as to what the mass of the first generation of stars was? What do we know about the first stars?


[Astronomy] Do we know enough about the heavy metal output of supernovae to speculate as to what the mass of the first generation of stars was? What do we know about the first stars?

Posted: 18 Dec 2016 07:04 PM PST

Are liquid abrasives (toothpaste, rubbing/buffing compound, etc) more effective in thinner layers?

Posted: 18 Dec 2016 04:01 PM PST

I have noticed while working on my car and hand-buffing scratches that liquid abrasive products seem to be more effective when less is used. Do liquid abrasives lose efficacy when excess material "cushions" the effective abrasive surface from the cloth?

submitted by /u/MissBelly
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If it were possible to travel east to west in a straight line, how fast would I need to be going for the sun to stay in the exact same spot in the sky? (say high noon or 12:00)

Posted: 18 Dec 2016 07:16 PM PST

Does the brain receive the full resolution of our retina? Or is there some sort of preprocessing that reduces the number of pixels?

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 06:11 AM PST

Why do pure red and blue lights on the same plane appear to be at different distances?

Posted: 18 Dec 2016 06:40 PM PST

With Christmas coming up, I've been reminded of a phenomenon I first noticed nearly 20 years ago. Pure red and blue light, say a flat display of Christmas lights, appears to me at different distances despite being on the same plane.

Photographs of red and blue lights do not do the effect justice, so I've created a demonstration image that is much more pronounced. (oddly enough, though the blue appears father it experiences more parallax as I move my head around. This is the opposite of what one would expect if if the blue was actually farther than the red)

In line with the photographs of pure red and blue not always exhibiting this effect, I noticed that slightly non-pure colors also fail to reproduce this effect well. In MS Paint the default RGB values for their reddest red and bluest blue are 237,28,36 & 63,72,204 respectively and did not reproduce the effect. I selected 255,0,0 and 0,0,255 for the original demonstration image.

I've seen this effect in Christmas lights, pure red and blue on LCD monitors, CRT monitors, and even on businesses. You'll notice that the business photo is just white and blue, so perhaps it's something more to do with blue light, but it seems more pronounced when compared to red. In fact, I just tested this with Pure R, G, & B text and confirmed it's only blue that exhibits this effect for me.

I've tested this effect with others. My wife didn't see it when looking at Christmas lights, but did notice it when I created these demonstration images. My current hypotheses are:

  • Chromatic aberration of the glasses we both wear. I'm not sure about this because my daughter noticed the effect and doesn't wear glasses.
  • Chromatic aberration of our eye's lens, cornea, and/or vitreous fluid (I think this is my leading hypothesis after reading up a bit)
  • There's something different about the depth at which the blue cones detect blue light
  • Some combination of previous hypotheses. This hypothesis seems to be supported by what I found on this page while googling.
  • Some other reason.

So, why is this happening?

submitted by /u/zornathan
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How does vertical thermosyphon evaporator works?

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 06:33 AM PST

What is the pressure drop in evaporator that allows circulation?

submitted by /u/EngineerGirl_thrwaw
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What gives neural networks an advantage over other machine learning solutions?

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 05:51 AM PST

Are some genes more susceptible to evolution than others?

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 05:43 AM PST

I vaguely remember Dawkins writing in The Selfish Gene that it could be possible that evolution selects for 'evolveability'. Making it easier for mutations to hit genes that make (for example) butterflies be attracted to different flowers, but not genes that are important for them wanting nutrition.

He said (if I remember correctly) that there was no real evidence for this, but that it could be possible.

Has anything been found on this since then?

submitted by /u/Rietendak
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Is there an increase in serum AST in hemolytic blood disorders ?

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 05:27 AM PST

Hello /r/askscience, I am a med student and today we wondered about the question in the title. In our biochemistry class, we were explicitly told that there is AST in RBCs, so obviously increase in serum AST is the consequence of hemolysis. However, today in an oncology class a hematologist/oncologist told us that this fact is never used, and he cannot think of a single disease of RBCs that would lead to increase in AST (obviously excluding those involving liver and other AST-rich organs and tissues). What do you, the medical professionals of /r/askscience, think about that ? Thank you.

submitted by /u/ASTRBC
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[Physics] If everyone on Earth stood very tightly packed in one area, would we have a gravitational pull? What would we be able to pull in?

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 02:01 AM PST

When did the perception of pediatric head trauma change from the misconception that children would recover better because of enhanced neuroplasticity?

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 01:16 AM PST

I've read in many places that childhood head injuries were often seen as warranting less concern than injuries of similar severity in adults because the developing brain had a greater degree of "plasticity" and this meant it could compensate for the negative impact of the injury. The current research says that childhood head trauma is actually usually more severe than adult injuries of similar severity because it impairs the development of normal abilities.

At what point did this perspective start to change and since when has the "more recent research" started to correct this misconception? Would it have been the eighties, the nineties, or earlier? When did this knowledge start to become mainstream in the medical community?

submitted by /u/tobiasnash
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Why "binary" alkaloid and not a dimer?

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 02:18 AM PST

If indol makes chemical bonds with dihydroindol it isn't considered as a dimer but rather "binary" alkaloid. Anyone know why this is not branded as a dimer?

submitted by /u/Terglav
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What happens to a planet between two binary stars?

Posted: 18 Dec 2016 01:04 PM PST

It's been a while since I've taken any physics course and I was legit stumped by this question. Came up because of a D&D sesh with this particular setting, if anyone's curious.

What I'm wondering is, if a planet is right in the middle of two binary stars orbiting each other, what happens to the planet? Does is it move at all?

submitted by /u/LilPhattie
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[Medicine] Why are some medicines required to be taken with food, and others to be taken on an empty stomach? What's the difference, and can they be designed to work in different ways?

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 03:24 AM PST

I'm currently on a course of antibiotics for an ear/throat infection. These are the kind that you have to take on an empty stomach. The instructions are "Two hours after food, or one hour before food". This is inconvenient, as it means you have to carefully plan both your pill-taking and meals.

I've also in the past taken some medicines which required me to take them with food, or just before. These are much easier to take, as you just make sure you eat something when you take it.

What is the difference? Why must some be taken on an empty stomach and others not? Is this an inherent feature of the drugs being delivered, or is it "designed" in some sense? What is it about certain drugs which requires food or no food?

Basically just very curious about how and why there is a difference :)

submitted by /u/low_flying_aircraft
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Why do stars fuse for so long?

Posted: 18 Dec 2016 02:52 PM PST

Why is it that stars take billions of years to use all of their material? Why doesn't the material burn up (fuse) all at once or more quickly?

submitted by /u/ColdPorridge
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Have any animals evolved to counteract Human impact on nature?

Posted: 18 Dec 2016 09:26 AM PST

I know that Humans have adapted to our habitat, but what I'm curious about is that how the animal kingdom has reacted to that.

This might include anything from small changes in their diet, I'm just curious as to a couple of adaptions.

submitted by /u/Pengking36
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How do they measure altitudes on other planets without "sea level" as a reference point?

Posted: 18 Dec 2016 05:07 PM PST

Is there a light-independent method for tattoo removal?

Posted: 18 Dec 2016 12:19 PM PST

The only tattoo removal services I'm aware of rely on laser burns in order to progressively remove the ink. Is there any other approach, for example, from the top of my head, solvents that dilute it?

submitted by /u/bowling_brawls
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Is there any reason for the base pairs of DNA are the ones we have? are there theoretically possible other base pairs?

Posted: 18 Dec 2016 10:03 AM PST

We have Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine as the base pairs of DNA, but are there other amino acids, even theoretically, that could form DNA? do they need to be those 4 molecules?

submitted by /u/poptart2nd
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Does CVID limit cytokine production?

Posted: 18 Dec 2016 10:24 AM PST

Every paper I read says something different about the cytokines released/reduced in CVID. Can someone please clarify for me if CVID limits cytokine production and why exactly it does?

submitted by /u/Gmoore5
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Why do bald men (and perhaps women) maintain a ring of hair after they go bald?

Posted: 18 Dec 2016 05:09 PM PST

I was on the subway and saw several men with varying degrees of Baldness. One thing they had in common was that they all still maintained a ring of hair around the crown of their heads.

submitted by /u/hekatonkhairez
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