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Wednesday, November 18, 2020

Do spiders ever take up residence in abandoned webs?

Do spiders ever take up residence in abandoned webs?

Do spiders ever take up residence in abandoned webs?

Posted: 17 Nov 2020 08:59 PM PST

AskScience AMA Series: I'm a primatologist and conservationist who's seen every genus of primate in the wild and is featured in the PBS/BBS series "Primates." Ask me anything!

Posted: 18 Nov 2020 04:00 AM PST

Hi, I'm Dr. Russ Mittermeier, Chief Conservation Officer at Global Wildlife Conservation and Chair of the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group. I have studied and observed primates in the wild for 50 years, and in 2019 I became the first person to see at least one species from every one of the 80 genera of primates that are known to exist. This is part of my ongoing effort over the past 20 years to stimulate primate ecotourism, and especially primate-watching and primate life-listing, based on a wildly successful birdwatching model.

The bulk of my career has been focused on primate conservation around the world, with the objective of maintaining the full diversity of the Order Primates and ensuring Zero Extinctions. Ethical primate ecotourism has played a key role in our conservation efforts to date, and I hope to enable it to become an even more significant part of our global program, with a strong focus on working closely with local communities living in close proximity to the world's most important primate habitats. Local people are our most important partners in our conservation efforts and can benefit in many ways from successful primate ecotourism programs, as has already been demonstrated in many places. Primates are the most endangered larger group of mammals, with more than 60% of all known species now classed as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable.

I am featured in the third episode of the Nature "Primates" miniseries, premiering tonight at 8/7c on PBS, pbs.org/primates, and the PBS Video app. This three-part documentary series visits 17 countries to uncover the mysteries of countless species, including gorillas, orangutans, lemurs, spider monkeys, marmosets, macaques and more. If you're in the UK, you can watch it on the BBC iplayer.

I'll be answering your questions at 1 pm ET. Ask me anything!

Username: /u/RAMprimate49

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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What is a pill capsule made out of? (the ones that look like plastic)

Posted: 18 Nov 2020 05:15 AM PST

Does a Neutron have a dipol-moment or at least a temporary dipol-moment?

Posted: 18 Nov 2020 04:25 AM PST

As a chemist, this question came to my mind, since neutral and also spherical molecules and atoms can exhibit temporary dipols because they are made up of differently charged particles which are more or less tightly bound.
To my understanding, neutrons are made up up of three quarks of different charges (1/3 and 2/3). Can it therefore be understood similar to a e.g. water molecule and consequently have an intrinsic dipol-moment? If not , can there still be a spontaneous temporary dipol?
Since the binding of quarks in neutrons is obviously different from the binding in molecules, im unsure if this analogy can be made.
I know that this is probably very hard to measure if at all, but maybe there is a overall accepted therory to this.
Thanks in advance.

submitted by /u/bl1ndcs
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Would the antigens produced from the covid 19 mRNA compete for ACE2?

Posted: 17 Nov 2020 04:11 PM PST

Hello. So the mRNA from the vaccine codes for the spike protein of the virus which binds to ACE2, allowing for just the antigen to be produced, and then the T cell binds to the antigen to produce an immune response.

So would the antigens produced also compete for ACE2? A concern is that they could block ACE2 from receiving its natural ligand, which might cause heart issues, as seen with Covid-19. Is this possible and how are they dealing with it?

A possibility I thought would be a small enough dosage of mRNA to produce just enough spike proteins, but without producing significant competition to the natural ligand.

Can anyone clarify/confirm on this?

Also, the spike protein is a fusion type protein, so when the vaccine produced antigen attaches to ACE2 on cells, would it still illicit the same fusion response? Obviously there wouldn't be another membrane to fuse with but would it cause the membrane to become porous?

A possibility I thought about is if the mRNA codes for a mutated spike protein that does not cause fusion process, yet can still be recognized and used to cause an immune response by T cells. Or maybe the mRNA only codes for the S1 subunit of the spike protein, preventing the s2 fusion part? But then would T cells still be able to cause the desired immune response?

Any clarification or ideas would be appreciated! I know that a lot of this might be proprietary info that we may never know. Background: my gf and I have graduate degrees in mol bio, just not in the infectious diseases field.

submitted by /u/F3arless_Bubble
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How could an adult covid vaccine protect kids?

Posted: 18 Nov 2020 06:13 AM PST

Thinking about the kids in an early vaccine world. Even assuming the adults around them get vaccinated, since there won't be a pediatric vaccine for some time, is there anything about these mRNA vaccines suggesting they reduce risk of transmission via a vaccinated person?

submitted by /u/jackhotel
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How did nasa know the voyagers left the solar system?

Posted: 17 Nov 2020 08:00 PM PST

Can vultures get sunburns on their heads?

Posted: 18 Nov 2020 01:28 AM PST

Why are the two new vaccines for COVID-19 both with mRNA instead of antibodies?

Posted: 18 Nov 2020 12:54 AM PST

Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 18 Nov 2020 07:00 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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How exactly is an analog signal encoded onto a laserdisc and played back?

Posted: 17 Nov 2020 03:03 PM PST

Hi all,

I just learned that laserdiscs are an analog storage medium. I always assumed they were digital, like CD and DVDs; do to their similar macro appearance. So I googled "laserdisc under microscope" and what I saw, I don't understand. There are distinct pits, but very different from CDs, where the 1s and 0s are obvious.

On a vinyl record, you can see the obvious grooves representing the stereo signal; it is smooth like you'd expect for analog.

What is being modulated in the laserdisc pits, and is it true analog or are the pits just "high enough resolution" to approximate analog signals with each step?

I hope that makes some sense. Thanks. Sorry if flair should be computing or engineering.

EDIT: Thanks u/Diligent_Nature for the answer. The width of the pit is changed to modulate the reflected light.

submitted by /u/Not_Selling_Eth
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Would the vaccines being developed for C-19 also work on the common cold corona viruses?

Posted: 17 Nov 2020 05:39 PM PST

Why does the area under our eyes get dark when we are tired?

Posted: 17 Nov 2020 06:31 PM PST

Bit of a basic question but I've been wondering about this for a while.

submitted by /u/sc1encemind
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What are the purposes of boogers? Why do they form in our nasal cavity?

Posted: 17 Nov 2020 11:02 AM PST

What in the world does Adiabatic really mean?

Posted: 17 Nov 2020 01:21 PM PST

Can someone explain the concept of "adiabatic" to me? I must've looked this up a thousand different ways, and it still boggles my mind. A simplest-possible explanation would be great, the basics of it confuse me greatly. Thank you!

submitted by /u/needin_help_
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How are trajectory adjustments made to far earth objects? How long does it take before these probes or rockets respond to commands from earth?

Posted: 17 Nov 2020 09:42 AM PST

How long does HIV live inside blood?

Posted: 17 Nov 2020 08:08 PM PST

I've been trying to search for any resource regarding the life span of HIV in blood. For example if someone is taking PREP and gets a high HIV viral load in their blood via needle sharing or sex or blood transfusion. What exactly happens to the HIV that enters the bloodstream of someone who is on PREP?

I can't seem to find any information regarding that, or information regarding HIV life span in blood if it has no way to replicate, does the virus die or does it just remain dormant until it can have a chance to replicate? All the information I find is about how long it lives outside the body or how it replicates but nothing on the life span of HIV and if it dies or remains dormant inside a live human.

Thanks for help in advanced and if this is the wrong forum can you please direct me to the right place?

submitted by /u/mayoandlemon
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How can the distance between two objects increase faster than the speed of light?

Posted: 17 Nov 2020 08:44 AM PST

While special relativity prohibits objects from moving faster than light with respect to a local reference frame where spacetime can be treated as flat and unchanging, it does not apply to situations where spacetime curvature or evolution in time become important.

Wikipedia

What are some examples of this? Does this also mean that space between objects can theoretically contract faster than the speed of light?

submitted by /u/52431cd
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How do are bodies know to start puberty after 9-15ish years of being alive?

Posted: 17 Nov 2020 01:44 PM PST

If wind is caused by a pressure difference between cold air and hot air, how is it sometimes we feel hot wind like a Sirocco? Shouldn't the wind always be cold?

Posted: 17 Nov 2020 04:33 AM PST

Bonus question: If I was to follow the direction of a cold wind, would I eventually get to a place with warmer air?

submitted by /u/JoeKazama
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Hookah versus cigarettes in the long term?

Posted: 17 Nov 2020 09:08 AM PST

So I see all the information about how 1 hour of hookah is actually worse than one cigarette but Ican'tfind any long term studies . My thought is that a person that smokes hookah occasionally butdoesn'tsmoke cigarettes would actually inhale less carcinogens through their lifetime . Is this accurate ? And would inhaling less actually matter in the long term ? By this I mean is 700 cigarettes more harmful than 3 hours of hookah ( equal to 550 cigarettes in terms of smoke ml )? Thanks in advance !

submitted by /u/Radiskull97
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Tuesday, November 17, 2020

AskScience AMA Series: We are U.S. and European partners on the world's latest Earth-observing satellite, Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, which will observe changes in sea levels for at least the next decade. The spacecraft is "go" for launch on November 21. Ask us anything!

AskScience AMA Series: We are U.S. and European partners on the world's latest Earth-observing satellite, Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, which will observe changes in sea levels for at least the next decade. The spacecraft is "go" for launch on November 21. Ask us anything!

AskScience AMA Series: We are U.S. and European partners on the world's latest Earth-observing satellite, Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, which will observe changes in sea levels for at least the next decade. The spacecraft is "go" for launch on November 21. Ask us anything!

Posted: 17 Nov 2020 04:00 AM PST

Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich is a historic U.S.-European partnership that is designed to collect the most accurate satellite data for our continuing measurements of global sea level and to help us understand how our oceans are responding to climate change. It's named after Dr. Michael Freilich, the former director of NASA's Earth Science Division and a tireless advocate for advancing satellite measurements of the ocean. Liftoff is Saturday, Nov. 21 at 12:17 p.m. EST (9:17 a.m. PST, 5:17 p.m. UTC) on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California.

This spacecraft will:

  • Provide information that will help researchers understand how climate change is reshaping Earth's coastlines - and how fast this is happening.
  • See things that previous sea level missions couldn't, including smaller, more complicated ocean features, especially near the coastlines.
  • Further build upon a highly successful U.S.-European partnership - it's the first NASA-ESA joint effort in an Earth science satellite mission, first international involvement in the European Union's Copernicus program, and continues a tradition of cooperation between NASA, NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) and European partners including ESA (European Space Agency), EUMETSAT (European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites) and CNES (Centre national d'études spatiales).
  • Expand the global atmospheric temperature data record, the mission will help researchers better understand how Earth's climate is changing.
  • Help to improve weather forecasts by providing meteorologists information on atmospheric temperature and humidity.

Read more about the mission in the official press kit.

Participants are:

  • Sandra Cauffman, Deputy Director, Earth Sciences Division, NASA Science Mission Directorate
  • Craig Donlon, ESA Mission Scientist for the Copernicus Sentinel-6 mission
  • Hayley Evers-King, Marine Application Expert, EUMETSAT
  • Ben Hamlington, Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich Research Scientist, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
  • Eric Leuilette, Program Scientist for Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, NOAA
  • Mic Woltman, Chief, Fleet Systems Integration, NASA's Launch Services Program
  • Lieutenant Colonel Bryan Titus, Deputy Commander of the 30th Operations Group, U.S. Space Force

We'll be answering at 1pm EST (18 UT), ask us anything!

Username: /u/nasa

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Are we just lucky that covid does not have a higher mortality rate or is this because more deadly infectious diseases are less common?

Posted: 16 Nov 2020 04:03 PM PST

Is there a way of removing a recessive lethal gene from a population just by crossbreeding?

Posted: 17 Nov 2020 07:31 AM PST

For example there is this condition in pigs called porcine stress syndrome (PSS) that is caused by a recessive gene in autosome. If the pig is homozygous for that gene, it has an increased risk of dying in stressful situations.

I was wondering if there was a way of removing it from the pig population just by crossbreeding and not using any gene technology.

submitted by /u/Rezolve3
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What is the role of a Staphylococcus culture in artisinal sausage making?

Posted: 17 Nov 2020 07:08 AM PST

So I have been watching this YouTube video on a artisinal sausage maker in New York. He said he uses a culture of Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus. I'm very interested in and have some home experience in fermenting food, but I never heard about Staphylococcus being used. I associate it with food poisoning and searching online points me towards Staphylococcus xylosus as a potential candidate for sausage but for the rest all articles I can find don't seem to answer my question or are not visible to me.

submitted by /u/MrRenegado
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Do octopuses show reduced cognitive abilities/lower intelligence after losing one or more of its tentacles?

Posted: 17 Nov 2020 05:56 AM PST

So I know that octopuses have an incredible neurological system in place with a main brain and one smaller one in each tentacle, plus an extensive nervous system.

When an octopus gets attacked and loses an arm/tentacle it will eventually regrow, but:

Will the mental capabilities/intelligence also reduce for that time? Alternatively are these little "sub-brains" mainly necessary to control the arm they are in?

octopi is wrong and never been a word.

submitted by /u/mishgan
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If I understand the mRNA vaccine correctly, the vaccine contains molecules that are able to enter a healthy human cell, and cause that cell to produce the spike protein of the nCOV-SARS2 virus, enabling the body to produce antibodies against the virus. What happens to the cells that are taken over?

Posted: 17 Nov 2020 04:43 AM PST

Are icebergs made of ocean water or freshwater?

Posted: 16 Nov 2020 02:33 PM PST

Why do vaccines have to be injected?

Posted: 16 Nov 2020 10:20 PM PST

Ok so this might sound confusing but why do we need to take medicine that's injected via injection. Is there a particular reason why they need the medicine needs to be injected and not in example consumed?

submitted by /u/alexiskdrenegames
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Where do the seeds for seedless fruit come from?

Posted: 16 Nov 2020 03:11 PM PST

Will Covid-19 Vaccination technology work against the common cold coronavirus also?

Posted: 16 Nov 2020 11:47 PM PST

Now that we seem to have effective vaccines against coronaviruses, does it mean we will also be able to manufacture a vaccaination that works against the common cold?

submitted by /u/MaximumOrdinary
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What adaptations do elephant seals have that allow them to dive 2km underwater?

Posted: 16 Nov 2020 09:33 AM PST

Was reading on the remarkably resilient lice found on their coats when they deep dive, but then thought wait how can a mammal withstand such pressures? By contrast, whales only dive to about 500m . Are there any known adaptations that allow the elephant seal to dive so deep for so long?

submitted by /u/nickoskal024
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When a massive star explodes, what keeps it bright for months?

Posted: 16 Nov 2020 03:17 PM PST

I couldn't find the answer on google or in my textbook so I figured it wouldn't hurt to ask. I was thinking it might be ionizing radiation?

submitted by /u/emanresu-egnahc
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How did humans survive for so long without clean water to drink?

Posted: 16 Nov 2020 11:25 AM PST

I'm assuming that the large majority humans have only had reliable access to clean water relatively recently - how come loads of people didn't die from drinking dirty water historically? or did they?

submitted by /u/Madajuk
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Why do micro-interactions between qubits not "collapse" the wave functions (under Copenhagen interpretation) when things like heat and sound can?

Posted: 16 Nov 2020 12:24 PM PST

I've been trying to find what it means to be an "observer" or something that "collapses" a wave function (those things currently mean the same thing to me). Why do small things like applying a Hadamard gate not collapse the superposition but exposing it to light or sound do? Where is the cutoff? Why is the cutoff?

Thanks

submitted by /u/SalvosMachina
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Does your beard grow faster if you shave it often?

Posted: 16 Nov 2020 11:28 PM PST

I saw this in a thread in an ask reddit about myths and I would like if somone could give me more information on why this is a myth and what can cause a beard to grow faster.

submitted by /u/2X2Dragon
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What are some really difficult tasks to solve when it comes to distributing billions of doses of vaccines across the planet?

Posted: 16 Nov 2020 11:25 AM PST

I would assume this is a logistical nightmare. Political one too?

submitted by /u/Dazzrr
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Will COVID-19 vaccine candidates (specifically mRNA) allow us to more quickly suppress or prevent pandemics in the future?

Posted: 16 Nov 2020 11:19 AM PST

Since mRNA vaccines looks like they could be very helpful in fighting COVID, could these vaccines also be used for other virus' as well? And possibly quickly end or even prevent pandemics in the future?

submitted by /u/mb2231
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Will having taken the flu vaccine, somehow negatively impact taking the covid vaccine in any way?

Posted: 16 Nov 2020 12:03 PM PST

COVID test before COVID vaccination?

Posted: 16 Nov 2020 10:40 AM PST

With COVID's long incubation time, will we need to test people (and wait for the result) before they get the vaccine? Is there any data on the effect of COVID vaccines in trials when administered to someone already infected with the virus? Thanks!

submitted by /u/Pyromania42
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Are trees active during winter?

Posted: 16 Nov 2020 10:08 AM PST

Hello,

I was curious what happens to trees that lose their leaves in winter in climates where the temperatures get cold in winter, even below 0 degrees Celsius.

Does water (sap etc.) still move inside them? What drives it? Thanks!

submitted by /u/tehnologie
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How come incision is made through the back instead of the abdomen when you donate a kidney?

Posted: 16 Nov 2020 09:32 AM PST
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Monday, November 16, 2020

Why do the two COVID-19 vaccine candidates require different storage conditions?

Why do the two COVID-19 vaccine candidates require different storage conditions?

Why do the two COVID-19 vaccine candidates require different storage conditions?

Posted: 16 Nov 2020 05:39 AM PST

Today, news came out about the Moderna vaccine candidate, which can be stored in a normal (-20⁰C) freezer and for some time in a normal refrigerator. Last week, news came out about the Pfizer vaccine candidate, which must be stored in a deep freeze (-80⁰C) until shortly before use. These two vaccine candidates are both mRNA vaccines. Why does one have more lax storage conditions than the other?

submitted by /u/tulipseamstress
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Why exactly are overweight people at higher risk when they get infected with COVID-19?

Posted: 15 Nov 2020 10:39 AM PST

I have seen many mentions, that being overweight is one of the risk factors to have more sever case of COVID-19. I wonder, why exactly does this happen. Is it related to the fact that overweight people are often less active (don't exercise much, have sedentary lifestyle, etc - so, for example, their respiratory system is more susceptible to the impact of the virus) or does it have something to do with being overweight in general (hormones, metabolism or something else) ?

​

Why do I ask: I'm overweight, I started to exercise regularly since spring and dropped about 9 kg/19 pounds so far. Such tasks like going upstairs or running are much easier now, but my weight is still above the norm for my age/height. So I wonder if I've lowered the risk of getting the severe form of covid-19. (It's just curiousity, I'll continue to follow social distancing and other rules in any case.)

Edit: Thanks for all the answers, I totally didn't expect the post to blow up. Now I have much to read, thanks to all people willing to explain. (And to some kind strangers for the awards).

And huge respect to AskScience moderators for clearing all these "because fat is bad" useless and/or insulting answers, that I see in mobile notifications.

And yes, I understand that being overweight or obese is unhealthy in general, no need to remind me about this. My question was about that particular case with covid-19. More detailed understanding of how it works, helps me to stay motivated. (The covid threat wasn't the main reason for my desire to lose weight, I have many other inner and outer reasons for that. It just happened that staying at home on lockdown helped me to start eating healthier and working out more regularly).

submitted by /u/Aglavra
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AskScience AMA Series: My name is Franck Marchis, and I am a Senior Planetary Astronomer at the SETI Institute and Chief Scientific Officer at Unistellar. AMA!

Posted: 16 Nov 2020 04:00 AM PST

I am passionate about astronomy, and I have dedicated most of my research to the development of adaptive optics on large telescopes to study asteroids and search for exoplanets.

I am proud to also work for Unistellar, a private company whose goal is to create the largest network of citizen astronomers around the world, capable of reconnecting with the dark sky with a digital, smart telescope and collecting scientific data for space agencies.

I am pleased to announce new scientific results with the Unistellar network, where citizen astronomers helped derive the shape and size of an asteroid (https://seti.org/press-release/amateurs-reshape-asteroids-their-backyard). I recently did a SETI Live with citizen astronomers Rachel Knight and Brad Davis to talk about this project (https://youtu.be/lX0ff1jeF9s).

You can also confirm TESS exoplanet candidates and help astronomers to observe the sky 24/7. From your backyard, your balcony, your roof, or far away from cities you can join a network of 3,000 citizen astronomers and help us to explore the cosmos. The SETI Institute is the science partner of Unistellar.

You can connect with me at @AllPlanets (https://twitter.com/AllPlanets) on Twitter, or on my page https://www.facebook.com/RealAllPlanets at Facebook.

Links:

I'm available at 10am PST (1 PM ET, 18 UT), AMA!

Username: /u/setiinstitute

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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What would average life expectancy be if there was no healthcare? No doctors, hospitals and modern medicine.

Posted: 16 Nov 2020 05:09 AM PST

Could mRNA vaccines cause auto-immune disorders?

Posted: 16 Nov 2020 08:20 AM PST

Hello everyone! With the exciting news about the mRNA vaccine efficacy I wanted to better understand how the vaccine type works - especially since it hasn't been used in humans before. Specifically I wanted to know if there is a reasonable chance for long term harm that wouldn't be caught in the initial studies during the pandemic.

My understanding is the mRNA makes its way into your cells and the cells manufacture a protein unique to the virus (in this case the spike protein). This protein is then presented on the surface of your cells and then an immune cell comes along and checks it. The immune cell will recognize the protein as foreign, assume (incorrectly?) that the host cell is infected / cancerous and tell it to kill itself.

So, my question is, assuming the above is a mostly accurate representation of how the vaccine works, should we be concerned that we are training the immune system to kill otherwise healthy cells?

submitted by /u/nick_117
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Are the different regions of the brain separated by actual boundaries, or did we just define them arbitrarily?

Posted: 15 Nov 2020 10:27 PM PST

Why are our fingerprints spirals?

Posted: 15 Nov 2020 08:43 AM PST

Would the antibodies from the pfizer covid-19 vaccine produce a positive on a covid-19 antibody test?

Posted: 15 Nov 2020 02:14 PM PST

Since the pfizer vaccine doesn't use any virus cells but altered RNA to mimic the virus' spike protein, would the antibodies produced from the vaccine show up on a covid-19 antibody test?

submitted by /u/DinonychusTheGreat
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Can a vaccine generate more effective antibodies than a person who had an actual infection?

Posted: 15 Nov 2020 07:59 PM PST

Why particle accelerators are so huge? Wouldn't be possible to crush particles in a smaller and spiral structure?

Posted: 15 Nov 2020 11:39 AM PST

sorry for the dumb question, my knowledge of electromagnetic fields is restricted.

submitted by /u/marmitao
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Could it be possible that someone can't produce antibodies after they are infected with COVID-19?

Posted: 15 Nov 2020 12:40 PM PST

How do they determine how many calories any specific food has?

Posted: 15 Nov 2020 10:12 PM PST

For example, a strawberry, how do we know how many calories are in a strawberry?

submitted by /u/janmar_
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If you've never got a "flu shot", could you die of (from?) the common flu?

Posted: 16 Nov 2020 01:31 AM PST

When I look at photos of the moon I see lines extending from the craters like in a star shape. What causes the lines to form like that?

Posted: 15 Nov 2020 09:15 PM PST

If the title doesn't make sense, when I zoom in on a crater, it looks like this emoji ☀️. I'm guessing that the lines are from the impact that made the crater, but why do they form like that instead of a round area around it?

submitted by /u/adamtherealone
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Does "concentration" have any effect on ability to learn?

Posted: 15 Nov 2020 11:56 AM PST

I would think the answer was a resounding yes, but, (and though I know this source isn't likley a good one), when I googled "can coffee make you think faster," the first answer I was given was;

"While moderate caffeine intake can boost your ability to concentrate, and improves mental alertness, it doesn't make you smarter – and has no effect on learning!"

How could improved concentration not improve one's ability to learn?

submitted by /u/samstogo
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Are there any species of animals that are extremely rare by "nature"?

Posted: 15 Nov 2020 04:00 AM PST

Or is extreme rarity caused by outside pressures such as habitat destruction and over hunting?

Thank you!

submitted by /u/BarcodeNinja
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