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Sunday, January 21, 2018

What exactly is happening to your (nerves?) when circulation gets cut off and you start to tingle?

What exactly is happening to your (nerves?) when circulation gets cut off and you start to tingle?


What exactly is happening to your (nerves?) when circulation gets cut off and you start to tingle?

Posted: 21 Jan 2018 06:10 AM PST

At what point is a particle too small to cast a shadow?

Posted: 20 Jan 2018 08:38 AM PST

How do most wild animals die?

Posted: 20 Jan 2018 07:08 PM PST

Setting aside insects and microscopic organisms, how does the average, say, gazelle die? Killed by a predator? Disease (what kind of diseases, cancer?)? Accident? Or something else?

submitted by /u/foxwilliam
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What do scientists mean when they say "We only know what makes up 5% of the Universe"? What makes up the other 95% of the Universe and how come we don't know what it is ?

Posted: 20 Jan 2018 06:56 PM PST

Is there a way to measure sharpness - like a scale of sharpness? Thank you

Posted: 20 Jan 2018 01:48 PM PST

What prevents people in the United States from contacting Malaria from mosquito bites?

Posted: 20 Jan 2018 07:07 PM PST

I read about the malaria eradication project from the 1940's, but how does lowering mosquito populations alone prevent the disease from spreading? Sorry if this seems like a stupid question.

submitted by /u/powerofsoulphoto
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When I drop an insect (I.e an ant) from a large height (relative - from my chest to the ground), does it “hurt” as bad as it would for us?

Posted: 20 Jan 2018 03:51 PM PST

If electrons move in a copper wire not by each electron travelling all the way, but by bumping into the one ahead and pushing it forward, how can electricity travel faster than the speed of sound of copper?

Posted: 20 Jan 2018 08:16 PM PST

According to this article, individual electrons move slower than a snail, and the rapid speed of electricity is because "electrons are packed in so tightly that even a small movement will travel down the wire from electron to electron at an impressive speed, letting you turn on the lights without having to wait for electrons to travel the whole way there."

However, the speed of sound in copper is about 4.6 km/s, yet electricity can travel up to 2/3 the speed of light, about 200,000 km/s. I always thought that propagation due to matter bumping into each other (much like sound waves in an atmosphere) cannot travel faster than the speed of sound in that medium, since the speed of sound is essentially a measurement of how quick a material is to react to, and propagate, compression.

submitted by /u/GeneReddit123
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Why does tungsten (and the elements around it) have a high melting point?

Posted: 20 Jan 2018 04:22 PM PST

Why does tungsten and the elements around it have a high melting point? My understanding of chemistry is quite good, I understand everything for a first or second year chemistry university student. I also understand harder concepts like how special relativity is involved in the lathinade contraction. If you include anything of extremely high level in your answer, can you please explain it thoroughly or provide a link.

submitted by /u/sabikewl
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What is the Furry hypothesis, in relation to quantum superposition, and why is it incorrect?

Posted: 20 Jan 2018 01:17 PM PST

More specifically, I've come across an example for a hypothetical physics experiment that highlights an aspect of quantum superposition (the book makes short reference to the Furry hypothesis but doesn't really go into detail with it).

In the experiment, a source sends out a pair of entangled photons to two detectors that measure the incoming light. Both detectors are equidistant from the source such that they should receive their individual photon simultaneously. Each detector is equipped with a controllable polarized beam splitter (with three potential positions: +30, 0, -30 degrees) that separates the incoming light into vertically and horizontally polarized light. When both detectors have the same polarization in their beam splitters, the results measured by the detectors are correlated.

The text first suggests the following (incorrect) hypothesis: if both polarizers have the same orientation, the detectors return the same result. If the polarizers have different orientations, the detectors don't get the same result. Is this the Furry hypothesis or just a common thought experiment to introduce superposition?

submitted by /u/ICanBeHandyToo
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How is a breathalyzer a useful metric when testing blood alcohol content?

Posted: 20 Jan 2018 08:35 AM PST

What is the aspect ratio of a nuclear reactor and why does it matter?

Posted: 20 Jan 2018 08:16 AM PST

I've been reading about nuclear fusion and its limitations and a word that keeps coming up is the "aspect ratio". I believe it has something to do with the size of the area confined by the magnets but I'm not exactly sure because googling it is bringing me to journals I can't really understand... According to Wikipedia the aspect ratio is "the limiting factor in reducing the beta size" which has confused me even more because I thought beta was supposed to be as big as possible in these reactors? Although there's no sites so not really sure if that statement was accurate. Anyhow if anyone had an information on this it would be greatly appreciated :-)

submitted by /u/Grace_96
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Can gases/liquids be contained within a magnetic field?

Posted: 20 Jan 2018 02:20 PM PST

I am curious about this. Anyone know if this is possible?

submitted by /u/PoorKidSporeKid
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Why will your eyes hurt looking at the sun, but not at a lightning strike?

Posted: 20 Jan 2018 08:22 AM PST

Is there a limit to the number of photons a human iris/brain can capture and process?

Posted: 20 Jan 2018 08:42 AM PST

If I stand at the top of a hill I can see for miles. I can make out individual trees, buildings, clouds, fences, animals and anything else In a mind boggling volume.

Is there a limit that i can take in? Am I thinking the wrong way about it again?

submitted by /u/jebus3rd
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Why does diabetes causes kidney damage?

Posted: 20 Jan 2018 07:35 PM PST

Does the age of sperm affect the offspring it creates?

Posted: 20 Jan 2018 10:27 AM PST

NOT to be confused with the age of the father, or how the age of the sperm affects its the fertility, I would like to know if the age of the sperm has any effect on the offspring it creates. Specifically in humans. I have a hard time imagining there is even reliable research that has been conducted on this question, but it's something I've long been curious about. Logically it seems to me that there would be an optimal window after the most recent ejaculation to conceive the healthiest child.

submitted by /u/Barrytheuncool
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Do extroverts comment more often than introverts on Reddit?

Posted: 20 Jan 2018 03:10 PM PST

More generally, I am interested whether there is any good scientific research on personality types (Big 5) and correlations with social media usage and leaving comments. I could imagine it going either way, i.e., people who talk more in normal life also leave more comments online, or oppositely, people who feel inhibited in normal life make up for it by commenting more online.

submitted by /u/Memeophile
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Why are converging-diverging nozzles preferred over converging only nozzles?

Posted: 20 Jan 2018 08:23 AM PST

This is a general fluid mechanics question. I know that converging-diverging nozzles are preferable to converging only, especially in aerospace applications. I just can't remember the specific mechanisms as to why. In addition, can you have Mach greater than 1 in a converging nozzle?

If anyone can provide some further explanations, I would greatly appreciate it!

submitted by /u/inchoatentropy
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Saturday, January 20, 2018

How do our bodies build a tolerance to alcohol?

How do our bodies build a tolerance to alcohol?


How do our bodies build a tolerance to alcohol?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 08:12 PM PST

Does the temperature of air effect the distance sound can travel?

Posted: 20 Jan 2018 03:04 AM PST

Hey there, I was wondering if the temperature of the surrounding air (the movement of the single air particle) has an effect on how far sound can travel. Does it travel further when the air is warm (air particles move faster)? Thanks for the help

submitted by /u/thelueth
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Since the W and Z bosons that mediate the weak force are not massless, does that mean that the weak force does not propagate at light speed?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 06:15 PM PST

Are there any computer animations of what a supernova would actually look like in real life? What would it look like?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 05:37 PM PST

Most animations, movies, etc depict supernova as just really big explosions that happen quickly. If you were close to the supernova, but have it still be in your field of view (and let's pretend you can't die, and that your eyes can handle it), wouldn't it appear to expand very slowly (due to speed of light limitations)? Would there be any red/blue shifting effects from the explosion on one side going away from you and on the other side coming towards you? What would an accurate animation actually look like?

submitted by /u/dyger0
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Why is the molten salt fueled reactor always associated with thorium? Is thorium more suited for MSFRs than uranium?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 03:24 PM PST

Every time I read about the advantages of the thorium fuel cycle, many of the advantages are not of thorium directly, but those of using a molten salt reactor. So if molten salt fueled reactors can be used for uranium, why is thorium synonymous with it?

submitted by /u/JohnStuartMiller
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Why would all the land mass be in on one part of the earth (Pangaea) when it first formed?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 04:38 PM PST

I understand that evidence indicates that all continents were once a super continent, but why would all the elevation on the earth crust only raise above sea level one one area? Isn't the earth super smooth for its size, wouldn't this lead to a more even distribution of land on the globe?

submitted by /u/Cosmophilus
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Why are OLED pixels different from LCD pixels?

Posted: 20 Jan 2018 02:08 AM PST

Edit:I meant the shape of the pixels,the OLED ones tend to be rather roundish while the LCD ones seem to be vertical

submitted by /u/Cipher216
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What is quantum mechanical tunneling in relation to field ionization?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 11:59 PM PST

How does a cell "know" when to produce a protein?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 06:33 PM PST

Are the cells comprising the liver homogeneous across the entire organ, or are there functional differences from section to section?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 03:42 PM PST

What are drinkable levels of salt in water? How do you measure the concentration of sodium chloride in water?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 03:16 PM PST

So basically I'm doing an experiment using electrodialysis to purify water. Was wondering what are drinkable concentrations of sodium chloride in water (molarities) and how to measure the concentration of sodium chloride in water? I've seen stuff about measuring the amount of resistance in the water since that would have a relationship to the amount of salt in the water due to the dipoles.

submitted by /u/slifer227
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How many photons get emitted from a light bulb?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 03:20 PM PST

LED, fluorescent, or incandescent.

submitted by /u/Neonjellytoast
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Friday, January 19, 2018

How do surgeons avoid air bubbles in the bloodstreams after an organ transplant?

How do surgeons avoid air bubbles in the bloodstreams after an organ transplant?


How do surgeons avoid air bubbles in the bloodstreams after an organ transplant?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 10:53 AM PST

What was the diet of early man before the discovery of fire and how soon after did man start "cooking"?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 09:43 PM PST

Why is the Liver one of the only organs that grows back when most of it is removed?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 04:45 AM PST

Does spacetime stretch, or does it bend?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 08:59 PM PST

Spacetime is not static, and as it curves, numerous non-euclidean geometries can and do occur, such as the black hole, where, once inside, there simply is no outside.

My question is: What exactly is this curvature?

I've seen numerous models portray the curvature as 3rd dimensional curvature in a 2D plane, or, in other words, a gravity well, and, having begun to contemplate higher dimensions on an alarmingly frequent basis, I simply extrapolated to gravity being (n+1)th dimensional curvature of n dimensional space, which, on our 3D space, combined with time, gives us 5 total dimensions (which I believe is hinted at in interstellar, as the Gargantua scene features a 5D tessaract).

However, I have heard that this is not the case, that instead, gravity is n dimensional stretching of n dimensional space, lacking any intrusion into dimension (n+1).

As the latter option seems less curvy than the first, and as it is far less intuitive than mere higher dimensional curvature (and, IMO, fails to account for black holes and wormholes), I prefer to think of gravity as higher dimensional curvature. However, I am uncertain if this is actually how the universe works, and I'd like some answers.

 

TL;DR: To what extent are pictures like this wrong?

Thanks!

 

EDIT: Um, thanks for the answers? I'm not quite sure if I get it, and I'll probably have to read some of them a few times...

submitted by /u/EvilStevilTheKenevil
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Why is money "worth" so much more in some places and so much less than others?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 05:50 AM PST

For example, USD$10 can (broadly speaking) buy one sandwich in Los Angeles, two sandwiches in Iowa, and ten sandwiches in Thailand. Why is this?

submitted by /u/KnightsWhoSayKni
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Why can people can survive injuries where multiple limbs are lost (e.g in an explosion), but one stab wound to the abdomen can still be fatal?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 05:46 AM PST

Are all massless particles their own antiparticles?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 01:17 PM PST

I've heard that photons are their own antiparticle, and also that the same would be true for hypothetical gravitons, which would also be massless if I understand correctly (correct me if I'm wrong). Are all massless particles their own antiparticles, and if so, why?

submitted by /u/jellyfishdenovo
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Does a charged black hole create an electric field?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 09:16 PM PST

A Reissner–Nordström black hole has a net charge. Does it create an electrostatic attraction/repulsion to charged particles outside the horizon? If so, how to the photons carrying that force escape? If not, how is this not a break in charge parity since a positively charged black hole would be indistinguishable from a negatively charged one of the same mass and absolute charge from the outside?

submitted by /u/Mimshot
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Do photon transistors exist?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 04:20 AM PST

And if they do, what would they look like physically, what media would they use, like current ICs use silicon? Are light-based or photonic computers a possibility? Would they be significantly more efficient than our current electronic ones?

submitted by /u/delta_p_delta_x
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Does alpha-Amanitin have a higher binding affinity for different types of RNA polymerase's ie. viral, human, etc. And does it then dissociate from the inhibition site once inactivated?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 04:47 AM PST

Im looking at fungal secondary metabolites as part of my undergraduate degree and i've become interested in amatoxins and gliotoxins and their extreme potency and fast action

submitted by /u/memeoglobin
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If the photoelectric effect dictates that electrons are not ejected until a threshold frequency is reached, what happens to the energy of a low-energy photon if it doesn't cause electron emission?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 04:34 AM PST

Settle a housemate argument. Does cold air help warm air move around clothes when drying them?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 07:18 PM PST

It's the middle of winter here in the UK and our dryer has broken meaning that clothes have to be air dryed.

My housemate seems to think it's fine to leave an electric fan blowing on the clothes during the day and at night when we are not in the house. Her reasoning is that the cold air moves the warm air around the clothes.

I am skeptical...

What's the science here?

submitted by /u/SomethingPretty88
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What do prion proteins naturally do in the brain/body?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 11:14 AM PST

Im doing a presentation on the creutzfeldt-jacob-disease and found out that PRNPs can be the source of many problems but i cant find what their natural function is in the body and why we have them

submitted by /u/Redluff
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Does the human body make any noticeable 'microadjustments' when exposed to a particular climate for a length of time?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 10:57 AM PST

As someone who has lived in a temperate zone their entire life, feeling 38 degrees in the middle of a 10 degree average winter feels like a heatwave, same with a 78 degree day in the middle of a very hot summer. Is there a physical response going on? Or is it more psychological?

submitted by /u/throwaway3141598
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How do engines like Wolfram Alpha find a different answer than a calculator?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 06:01 PM PST

If I type (1+0.1x10-15-1) / (0.1x10-15) on my calculator, I get 0 as an answer instead of 1. I believe it is because the representable numbers of the calculator is exceeded.

But how do engines such as wolfram alpha handle this problem? Do they have lines of code enabling more bit use? Do they somehow figure out the problem like humans by rearranging the numbers?

submitted by /u/smaug88
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How can opposite charges attract each other if they interact via virtual photons? Can virtual photons carry negative momentum?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 11:39 PM PST

I can imagine them reoelling each other, with each sending and getting hit by virtual photons, but this image breaks down when thinking of attraction. Same applies to gravity with virtual graviton exchanges.

submitted by /u/PutinTakeout
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Why do sperm cells have a large nucleus if they only carry half the genetic material?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 10:18 AM PST

I have been taught that am adaptation of a sperm cell is an especially large nucleus. But what is the point when each gamete only has half the genetic material?

submitted by /u/Ellhoir
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What is thought to happen to quarks during the big rip?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 08:51 AM PST

During the big rip, the acceleration of the expanding universe will be so large that even atomic nuclei would get ripped apart. But what is supposed to happen with quarks? As I understand, it's not actually possible to separate quarks because the energy needed to do so instantly creates two new quarks which immediately pair up with the two separated ones. So doesn't that mean that you'd have regions of space with massive number of quarks being generated and wouldn't this resemble the big bang?

submitted by /u/dr0buds
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We put man on the moon, so why can’t we build roads that last a long time without potholes?

Posted: 19 Jan 2018 04:26 AM PST

Engineering

Living in MN and some of these potholes were big enough to take out your wheel.

Is it a technology reason?

Is it money?

submitted by /u/Idiocracyis4real
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How does monitoring ultra-fast work?

Posted: 18 Jan 2018 07:05 PM PST

When scientists are measuring things that move very fast or may happen for extremely short periods of time, how is it possible to eliminate or compensate for differences and losses between input/monitoring systems like sensors, or in-case the sensor is faster than the hardware it's attached to where a component slows down measurements and the thing you want to measure?

My line of reasoning is simplistic, probably naive.

If something occurs at a rate too low for you to measure, you don't know it exists. Worst case you get no anomalous readings, best case it shows up without easily predictable occurrence.

How does it limit science to potentially have something that happens too infrequently to measure?

submitted by /u/CODESIGN2
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