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Tuesday, April 26, 2016

How can everything be relative if time ticks slower the faster you go?

How can everything be relative if time ticks slower the faster you go?


How can everything be relative if time ticks slower the faster you go?

Posted: 26 Apr 2016 02:22 AM PDT

When you travel in a spaceship near the speed of light, It looks like the entire universe is traveling at near-light speed towards you. Also it gets compressed. For an observer on the ground, it looks like the space ship it traveling near c, and it looks like the space ship is compressed. No problems so far

However, For the observer on the ground, it looks like your clock are going slower, and for the spaceship it looks like the observer on the ground got a faster clock. then everything isnt relative. Am I wrong about the time and observer thingy, or isn't every reference point valid in the universe?

submitted by /u/MrPannkaka
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Is entropy low in a black hole?

Posted: 26 Apr 2016 05:42 AM PDT

Does it even make sense to think about entropy in black holes?

submitted by /u/Redbiertje
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Are there any traits passed on through the Y chromosome that are not related to sex determination?

Posted: 25 Apr 2016 01:48 PM PDT

How many more "new" stars become visible each year?

Posted: 25 Apr 2016 02:19 PM PDT

In other words, how many stars join the observable universe each year?

submitted by /u/Edzeo
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Both ICl and Br2 have the same number of atoms and approximately the same molecular weight, but ICl is a solid whereas Br2 is a liquid at 0oC. Why?

Posted: 25 Apr 2016 08:04 PM PDT

[Astronomy] Since black holes grow in size, shouldn't that mean there's a solid in the center of the black hole and matter is just added to it over time?

Posted: 26 Apr 2016 06:45 AM PDT

Is there a word for something that's neither unstable nor stable?

Posted: 25 Apr 2016 10:10 PM PDT

If you stick a ball on a hill and nudge it, it will roll off the hill. It's unstable. If you stick it in a valley and nudge it, it will roll back. It's stable. If you stick it on a plane with friction, it will just move a little and stay there. It's not really either. Is there a name for that?

submitted by /u/DCarrier
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Are there forces on a spacecraft other than acceleration during a flyby? (Powered or unpowered)

Posted: 26 Apr 2016 06:32 AM PDT

Looking at the Oberth effect (powered flyby) and unassisted flyby, would there be any forces other than F=ma on the craft due to gravity or other issues? If periapsis was low enough, atmospheric friction would probably come into play, but are there other forces? Thanks.

submitted by /u/keithgcochran
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Is it possible to use other hadrons to catalyze nuclear reactions akin to photocatalysis of chemical reactions?

Posted: 26 Apr 2016 06:22 AM PDT

A bit of background: My quantum mechanics course was in the chemistry department and pertained specifically to interactions within electromagnetic force.

Sometimes photons are used to put reactants into an excited electronic, vibrational, and even rotational state that has the lowest kinetic (as opposed to thermodynamic) barrier to reaction. This leads to faster reactions at lower temperatures.

Is controlled use of other gluons akin to lasers are for photons theoretically possible, feasible, or currently done? What about the bosons that carry the weak force?

submitted by /u/Liberals_to_Gulag
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How do photons have momentum?

Posted: 26 Apr 2016 04:57 AM PDT

Could someone provide the answer without pointing out Einstein's equation saying its incomplete and all? Practically, physically how is it possible for a massless object to have momentum? Analogies are appreciated.

submitted by /u/Ashen_Cyborg
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Would moving something at a high speed increase its temperature?

Posted: 26 Apr 2016 04:31 AM PDT

Temperature is just a measure of average kinetic energy. Say, in a vacuum (where friction from air resistance is... unlikely), would moving an object extremely quickly increase the average kinetic energy of the particles in the object enough to noticeably raise its temperature?

submitted by /u/pm_MGSVTPP_steamcode
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Are mass and weight directly related?

Posted: 25 Apr 2016 06:04 PM PDT

Say you have an object, and you want it to become heavier, without changing its mass (adding external objects). Example: a handheld object for a virtual reality device, in order to achieve a more realistic experience, they controllers need to add weight.

Is this somehow possible? Just a random question

submitted by /u/Jpalermo99
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In a Neutron Generator, how is the Neutron Beam "Focused"?

Posted: 25 Apr 2016 02:44 PM PDT

I understand the accelleration of a Deuterium or Tritium nucleus into a D/T target, creating fusion and the product neutrons - but how are those neutrons collected?

submitted by /u/statdance
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Can isotopes commonly used in food irradiation induce radioactivity through neutron activation?

Posted: 26 Apr 2016 02:00 AM PDT

I have two trusted sources at ends. This study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18220055 , claims that radioactivity can be induced in food by the isotopes Cobalt-60 and caesium-137, however (understanding wikipedia is not perfect) it explicitly states here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_radioactivity that; "The isotopes used in food irradiation (cobalt-60, caesium-137) both have energy peaks below this cutoff and thus cannot induce radioactivity in the food". Providing the minimum required energy for this is 2 MeV for deuterium. Is wiki wrong with their MeV requirement, is this study wrong, or can you provide another answer, thanks.

Sorry for the formatting, I'm still learning.

submitted by /u/Trajjan
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How can propellants push a spacecraft if there's nothing to push off against?

Posted: 26 Apr 2016 12:10 AM PDT

If a rocket burns fuel to accelerate in space, why does that force push the rocket if there's no atmosphere or mass to push off against?

submitted by /u/mustangbanana
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How does Ph level affect on ice cubes?

Posted: 25 Apr 2016 09:58 PM PDT

Are elliptical orbits any more stable than circular orbits?

Posted: 25 Apr 2016 05:52 PM PDT

I'm in an argument with another user on reddit (/u/somerandomguy02), over on /r/todayilearned. Here is the thread.

/u/somerandomguy02 believes that all orbits are non-circular orbits because non-circular orbits are more stable than circular ones. I've tried my hardest to convince him otherwise, going as far as providing sources to prove that he is incorrect.

I do not understand why he has any reason to believe this other than misunderstanding that the statement "elliptical orbits are stable." means that closed orbits are stable, and not that elliptical orbits are more stable. He also does not understand that circular orbits are a special subset of elliptical orbits, because circles are a special subset of ellipses, and refuses to believe the latter.

I know that science is not a democracy, but I think having a large number of people verify that he is incorrect would help lead him to admit that he is incorrect, or at least believe that he is incorrect, so therefore I would greatly appreciate it if you were to confirm this.

submitted by /u/Artillect
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If the cooling of one object is caused by the transfer of heat to another object, how does the Earth cool in winter? Isn't space empty?

Posted: 25 Apr 2016 10:26 AM PDT

My icy drink is cooled because it transfers its own heat energy to the ice. How then does Earth cool, if there's no surrounding matter in space to soak up the Earth's heat energy?

submitted by /u/MemeHunter421x
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At what temperature does a magnetic material (EX: Neodymium) lose its magnetic field?

Posted: 25 Apr 2016 10:19 AM PDT

And by lose, I mean to the point at which its negligible or has the same intensity as the average nonmagnetic material.

submitted by /u/Xanjaxn
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Why is thermodynamic equilibrium equal to maximum entropy?

Posted: 25 Apr 2016 06:10 AM PDT

I already asked this, but the answer got deleted so... :/

submitted by /u/9voltWolfXX
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Monday, April 25, 2016

AskScience AMA Series: I'm Alexis Kaushansky, a Principal Investigator at the Center for Infectious Disease Research in Seattle, WA. I research malaria and the interactions between host and pathogens. I’m excited to talk to you about it. AMA!

AskScience AMA Series: I'm Alexis Kaushansky, a Principal Investigator at the Center for Infectious Disease Research in Seattle, WA. I research malaria and the interactions between host and pathogens. I’m excited to talk to you about it. AMA!


AskScience AMA Series: I'm Alexis Kaushansky, a Principal Investigator at the Center for Infectious Disease Research in Seattle, WA. I research malaria and the interactions between host and pathogens. I’m excited to talk to you about it. AMA!

Posted: 25 Apr 2016 04:53 AM PDT

Hello Reddit!

My name is Alexis Kaushansky and I serve as a principal investigator at the Center for Infectious Disease Research. My research studies the interactions between humans and pathogens, with a particular focus on malaria. The malaria parasite and other infectious diseases that burden the world cannot survive independently. To cause sickness and travel through the population, they must appropriate resources from the people they infect. Our work aims to identify what pathogens need from their host and use this knowledge to prevent and ultimately eliminate malaria.

When malaria parasites are transmitted from mosquito to human, they are first deposited into the skin, then quickly travel to the liver. In the liver, each parasite replicates tens of thousands of times within the confines of a single hepatocyte, a cell in the liver. During this stage of infection, the parasite causes no clinical symptoms, yet elimination of the parasite in the liver prevents disease and transmission and can even elicit sterile immunity from subsequent infection. Our work focuses on the basic question of how the malaria parasite is able to modify its human liver environment in order to counteract host defenses and ensure for its own survival.

At CIDResearch, we breed thousands of research grade mosquitoes each week in order to power our bench research projects. Our work critically depends on malaria parasite infection in mosquitoes and production of sporozoites for lab experiments. We maintain state-of-the-art insectaries that breed and house Anopheles mosquitoes.

Here are a few of our recent publications:

Suppression of host p53 is critical for Plasmodium liver-stage infection. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23478020

Malaria parasites target the hepatocyte receptor EphA2 for successful host infection. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26612952

To mark April 25 World Malaria Day, I'm taking questions on the research underway to better understand and combat this ancient disease. I will be back at 12 pm ET to answer your questions, looking forward to it!

submitted by /u/CIDResearch
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In a microwave, why doesn't the rotating glass/plastic table get hot or melt?

Posted: 24 Apr 2016 10:04 AM PDT

Throughout history were doctors able to diagnose allergies or were they misdiagnosed as something else?

Posted: 24 Apr 2016 09:50 PM PDT

What the hell is entropy? How can we quantify something as abstract as "disorder"?

Posted: 24 Apr 2016 09:07 PM PDT

I'm aware entropy can be thought of as "unusable energy" but what does that even mean? How does this occur? It sounds just like an exception to the conservation of energy. How exactly is this tied into chaos and disorder?

submitted by /u/big_fred
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Do short trees bud/blossom faster than tall trees?

Posted: 24 Apr 2016 06:40 PM PDT

I was out for a walk today, and I made an observation that most of the tall trees that I saw were still bare, whereas most of the short trees had blossomed. Is this because it takes longer for tall trees to draw nutrients up the trunk in the spring than short trees? Or is it because the "tall trees" are really just a different species and would take longer to blossom even if they were shorter?

submitted by /u/taedrin
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How would a person with slight to moderately low levels of grey matter function? White matter as well?

Posted: 24 Apr 2016 06:05 PM PDT

Not looking for a full blown disorder, but more so a slight nuance to a moderate anomaly, similar to the cortical variability in any given population.

submitted by /u/thisdrawing
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Would the clone of an animal with inherited heterochromia also have it? Would it be on the same side?

Posted: 24 Apr 2016 06:03 PM PDT

Is there a maximum density?

Posted: 24 Apr 2016 12:49 PM PDT

If density is just how close the atoms are to each other, surely there's a breaking point for the atoms, right?

submitted by /u/dancingbanana123
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Can diabetes type 2 be reversed or "cured"?

Posted: 24 Apr 2016 06:49 PM PDT

Read a really strange article that says we need bacteria (p. Syringae) to make rain and it was full of microbiologist quotes. Is this a commonly accepted theory?

Posted: 24 Apr 2016 08:48 PM PDT

Heres the place I read it. Still can't believe I've never heard this before.

http://www.theverge.com/2016/4/22/11486644/ice-crystal-bacteria-process-study

submitted by /u/antiward
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What did people think prior to cell theory?

Posted: 24 Apr 2016 08:23 PM PDT

Did they believe that humans were just singular, large organisms or was there a precursor to the concept of cells?

submitted by /u/RustyCorkscrew
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What is Doppler/Laser Cooling (and other questions related to the practice)?

Posted: 25 Apr 2016 05:21 AM PDT

Hi there, science people! I have a few questions about Doppler Cooling! Lets get started :)

  1. Ive done a little research on the topic and I know that in at certain frequency red-shifting occurs and atoms moving away "ignore" the photons flying at them while atoms moving towards the photons absorb them, gaining their momentum which slows the atoms down. My question is about this "ignoring," what is that in more technical terms.
  2. When the atom absorbs the photon it will be in a higher energy state and will return to a lower energy state and release a photon with the same frequency that was emitted. Wouldn't the momentum be transferred back into the photon and the atom remain moving with the same kinetic energy as before? (Does it have something to do with the angle the photon is absorbed/emitted?)
  3. What temperatures have been reached using Doppler cooling?
  4. What are the practical applications of cooling to such a low temperature?
  5. What principles of quantum mechanics are used in understanding doopler cooling?

Sources would be great.

Thank you so much!

submitted by /u/outside_joker
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Are most human genes under Hardy-Weinberg Equilibruim?

Posted: 24 Apr 2016 07:01 PM PDT

Aside from the genes (and their surrounding loci) that are under selection, are most human genes in HWE?

submitted by /u/TheWrongSolution
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Why does aging cause faces to lose fat under the skin?

Posted: 24 Apr 2016 08:38 PM PDT

What's the mechanism of action?

submitted by /u/364634634634
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When I add cream or milk to my coffee to mellow it out, is the coffee actually changing chemically in some way? Or is the dairy just masking the coffee's acidic character and tricking me?

Posted: 24 Apr 2016 03:56 PM PDT

How do firearm scopes accurately predict where a bullet will land when it is slightly above from where the bullet is fired?

Posted: 24 Apr 2016 08:21 PM PDT

If the barrel is below the scope, than how does the scope accurately predict where the bullet will land? Wouldn't the bullet land slightly below where the scope predicts it will, since the barrel is slightly below the scope?

submitted by /u/charlie12520
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Why does an electric motor interfere with TV reception?

Posted: 24 Apr 2016 08:11 PM PDT

My digital antenna signal loses some reception when a certain powerful electric motor is used nearby. I have a moderate understanding of electronics, but I was really surprised when this happened.

submitted by /u/jakera
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Recording tinnitus - can you measure it?

Posted: 24 Apr 2016 04:05 PM PDT

I was once at an audio engineering society meeting where headphone experts were talking about how tinnitus can be an oscillation. I was told that it could actually be recorded if the ear was in the a room like an anechoic chamber. Could anyone fill me in if this were possible?

Thanks Reddit.

submitted by /u/APKaudio
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Liquid nitrogen excessive boiling before critical temperature?

Posted: 24 Apr 2016 10:03 AM PDT

I've used liquid nitrogen for the last few years as a low temperature reference point for the calibration of PRTs (Platinum Resistance Thermometers). The process of which involves a filling a 2 liter dewar flask and submerging a copper block inside of it. The process of getting the copper down to the boiling point of the liquid nitrogen takes about 10-12 minutes, for those curious, but what I want to know happens RIGHT before it reaches thermal stability.

About 30 seconds before thermal stability the nitrogen starts to boil more vigorously. It "erupts" from the holes at the top of my test set up and shoots a huge cloud of water vapor (from the air) and droplets of liquid nitrogen everywhere.

So my question is this: Why do objects submerged in liquid nitrogen cause it to boil more rapidly when they reach the boiling point (-196°C)?

submitted by /u/gustomtb
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Does the excessive comsuption of violent media has any effect on us?

Posted: 24 Apr 2016 02:51 PM PDT

Do the lungs, rather the bronchii and alveoli inside them fill from top to bottom, or vice versa?

Posted: 24 Apr 2016 04:34 PM PDT

I'm just a man interested in knowing things.

submitted by /u/alienf00d
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Why do some metals corrode faster than others?

Posted: 24 Apr 2016 04:31 PM PDT

If the environment is the same,why do some metals form rust faster than others. I.e. Copper in sulfuric acid vs steel in sulfuric acid

submitted by /u/Onpieceisfun
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What type of computer / communications hardware / software was used on the Lunar Landing Missions (Apollo)?

Posted: 24 Apr 2016 03:39 PM PDT

Couldn't find much info on:

  1. Computing power of Lunar Orbiter / Lunar Landing Craft

  2. Radio & Television broadcasting Equipment & Frequencies / Power Needed to transmit to earth

  3. Navigation systems used

Considering commercial air travel relies Heavily on "fly-by-wire" / computerized Systems, GPS, VHF radio, RADAR, etc, How did NASA pull off getting a Lander, As well as a Lunar Escape / Earth Re-Entry craft to the moon and back without the items less-intense aviation such as Commercial Air Traffic uses today.

It's my understanding that a smart-phone today likely has more computing power than NASA had in its entire Mission Control in 1969. How was this feat accomplished lacking the hardware and software we have today?

(Which almost begs the question "why haven't we ever returned to the Moon?" Given it should be exponentially easier in 2016 than it was in the late 1960's / early 1970's)

submitted by /u/PoppingZitz
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Sunday, April 24, 2016

Do all salts taste 'salty' i.e. Like sodium chloride? What about other sodium salts? Other chlorides? Alkali metals? Halides? Etc...

Do all salts taste 'salty' i.e. Like sodium chloride? What about other sodium salts? Other chlorides? Alkali metals? Halides? Etc...


Do all salts taste 'salty' i.e. Like sodium chloride? What about other sodium salts? Other chlorides? Alkali metals? Halides? Etc...

Posted: 23 Apr 2016 10:25 AM PDT

What is the oldest satellite in space still providing us with information?

Posted: 23 Apr 2016 09:40 AM PDT

And what is that information?

Just a curious thought that struck me. There are tons of satellites up there. Some work , some don't. But which is the oldest one still giving us (useful, useless, whatever) information?

submitted by /u/LacksAgency
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Is it possible for a material to be so rigid that vibrations can't pass through it?

Posted: 23 Apr 2016 09:56 AM PDT

Can sharks smell blood outside of water?

Posted: 23 Apr 2016 10:26 AM PDT

Lets say there is a bird flying about the water, with a cut, could the shark smell that blood?

submitted by /u/potatoesmasher
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Are there any interesting things about Quincunx patterns? (pictures inside)

Posted: 23 Apr 2016 06:47 AM PDT

http://imgur.com/a/V7pgm

If a Quincunx pattern extends infinitely outward, could you draw infinite lines from a single point?

Is there a special ratio of the angle between each of the lines?

The pattern is used in farming. Is there any other practical application?

submitted by /u/Dasaru
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Why are the undersides of our nails rough?

Posted: 23 Apr 2016 10:59 AM PDT

When you clip your nails, the underside is extremely rough, almost like sandpaper. The top however, is smooth. I was under the impression that the nails exist because of the sensitive skin, so wouldn't this rough texture irritate it more?

submitted by /u/Monsieur_Skeltal
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Is there a scenario in which heat does not make something expand?

Posted: 24 Apr 2016 05:58 AM PDT

Random shower thought - I'm sure there are situations where the above isn't the case but I'm intrigued...

submitted by /u/gyp23
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Why is the integral of 1/x = ln(x)+C?

Posted: 23 Apr 2016 08:23 AM PDT

I mean I get that you cannot integrate it normaly as in: x-1 --> (x0 )/0 because you obviously cannot divide by zero. So why does this just happen to equal ln(x)?

submitted by /u/Peter_Zwegat
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How long would it take two bowling balls (one metre apart from each other) to collide in empty space?

Posted: 23 Apr 2016 08:00 AM PDT

How long would it take two bowling balls (one metre apart from each other) to collide in empty space assuming they had no previous velocity? In Universe Sandbox 2, they only take about a day to collide.

Would this actually happen?

submitted by /u/birthday_account
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What are these patterns on the ocean floor?

Posted: 23 Apr 2016 01:46 PM PDT

Can anyone please explain how 'Pumping and Population Inversion' (lasers) works?

Posted: 23 Apr 2016 12:29 PM PDT

I'm trying to get the idea behind a laser's working. But I need some help understanding pumping and population inversion.

If anyone would be kind enough to enlighten my dumb brain, then they've my thanks.

I won't mind if you can simplify the entire operating principle of laser.

submitted by /u/ninja_tonguescarf
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[Space] If all the stars in the night sky appeared at the same brightness to us on earth, would the entire sky be light?

Posted: 23 Apr 2016 07:55 AM PDT

Would there be any dark patches, or do stars (there are a lot of them) fill in all the gaps?

submitted by /u/meepsmops
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Why do thin films of oil and bubbles appear more pink and green than other colors?

Posted: 23 Apr 2016 08:55 AM PDT

[Astronomy] If the International Space Station were to be completely abandoned, how long would it take before the station would be uninhabitable?

Posted: 23 Apr 2016 06:13 AM PDT

Let me clarify. Uninhabitable does not mean not operational. The station can still be functioning, it just cannot support life natively—as in, you would need a spacesuit to stay alive.

submitted by /u/GingerDeadshot
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Why isn't dark energy included as one of the four fundamental forces?

Posted: 23 Apr 2016 07:24 AM PDT

Is there a fundamental difference or is it simply our lack of knowledge on the nature of dark energy which is why we haven't added it as one of the fundamental forces of nature?

submitted by /u/SuicidalEclair
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The Oberth Effect (domonstrated in KSP) - Where does the energy come from?

Posted: 23 Apr 2016 04:25 PM PDT

We are demonstrating and explaining 'The Oberth Effect' and the extra efficiencies you can gain from doing some of your burns at the highest possible velocity.

https://youtu.be/FSG33hAtc4c

It may seem that the rocket is getting energy for free, which would violate conservation of energy laws. Where does the energy come from? Why does the same amount of velocity increase give you more kinetic energy at higher relative velocities?

Would love feedback!

submitted by /u/MarcusHouseGame
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Why can you look at something very bright with either eye covered but not with both at once?

Posted: 23 Apr 2016 06:03 AM PDT

Why is O the most common blood group?

Posted: 23 Apr 2016 05:42 AM PDT

Apologies in advance for my basic understanding. From what I've been taught, the allele for the blood type 'O' is carried on a recessive allele. Due to this, you would expect it to be the least common blood type as the genotype can only be 'ii'.

However, apparently almost half of the world have the blood type O? Please could someone explain why this is? Is it because the 'i' allele is more common in the gene pool? If so, why is that?

Thank you!

submitted by /u/Blanchicus
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What determines whether a spiral or elliptical galaxy forms?

Posted: 23 Apr 2016 05:44 AM PDT

I there an asymmetry when it comes to voice sound travelling from downstairs apartment to upstairs versus vice versa?

Posted: 23 Apr 2016 06:02 AM PDT