AskScience AMA Series: I'm a particle physicist at CERN working with the Large Hadron Collider. My new book is about the origins of the universe. AMA! | AskScience Blog

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Wednesday, September 1, 2021

AskScience AMA Series: I'm a particle physicist at CERN working with the Large Hadron Collider. My new book is about the origins of the universe. AMA!

AskScience AMA Series: I'm a particle physicist at CERN working with the Large Hadron Collider. My new book is about the origins of the universe. AMA!


AskScience AMA Series: I'm a particle physicist at CERN working with the Large Hadron Collider. My new book is about the origins of the universe. AMA!

Posted: 01 Sep 2021 04:00 AM PDT

I'm Harry Cliff - I'm a particle physicist at Cambridge University and work on the LHCb Experiment at CERN's Large Hadron Collider, where I search for signs of new particles and forces that could help answer some of the biggest questions in physics. My first book HOW TO MAKE AN APPLE PIE FROM SCRATCH has just been published - it's about the search for the origins of matter and the basic building blocks of our universe. I'm on at 9:30 UT / 10:30 UK / 17:30 ET, AMA!

Username: /u/Harry_V_Cliff

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The Johnson&Johnson one-shot vaccine never seems to be in the news, or statistics state that “X amount of people have their first shot”. Has J&J been effective as well? Will a booster be needed for it?

Posted: 31 Aug 2021 09:29 AM PDT

According to latest news, Moderna's vaccine creates more antibodies than Pfizer's, but they show similar efficiency/efficiency. Why?

Posted: 01 Sep 2021 03:20 AM PDT

Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Posted: 01 Sep 2021 07:00 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away!

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How are electronic systems on spacecraft protected from "bit flips" caused by cosmic rays?

Posted: 31 Aug 2021 04:49 PM PDT

Are there physiological or psychological differences that can cause people to perceive colors very differently?

Posted: 31 Aug 2021 09:52 AM PDT

So most of my peers (26 y/o and older) don't have a "favorite color". I've personally always found this odd because for me, red is very clearly the "best" color. And I dont mean that as its the color I personally like best from an aesthetic point of view. The best way I can describe it is that I can almost perceive red better than I can another color like blue. It just seems so much more vivid.

I've taken color blindness tests and what not and I believe I have "normal" color vision. But I swear that the color red just always feels, in a sense, more real to me.

This came up with some friends recently when a scene in a movie came on where one character asked the other what their favorite color was. He quipped back blue, and the original character pointed thats a lie because adults don't really have a favorite color. It struck me as almost odd, and in talking with my friends more, I was surprised they didn't feel the same way as me.

So I suppose my question really is... are there any physiological or psychological differences that can cause someone to perceive a color very differently from other colors? Or is this purely something I've somehow only imagined?

submitted by /u/ChrisGnam
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What do we know about Covid transmission while outdoors amongst vaccinated people?

Posted: 31 Aug 2021 04:48 PM PDT

I've searched google scholar with no luck. Are there any quantitative studies that contrast the risk of outdoor transmission among vaccinated people vs. indoor transmission?

We know that Lollapalooza required vaccines or negative tests and it wasn't a superspreader event.

submitted by /u/GU3MS
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Can a large traveling object in space affect stable bodies which contact their Roche limit?

Posted: 31 Aug 2021 11:05 PM PDT

Scientifically speaking, is it possible for a passing asteroid or other large body traveling in space, with it's own Roche limit, tear a piece away of a smaller stable body in a solar system through tidal force pulling? I'm not talking solely about Earth, but any stable body in natural orbit around another body. If a larger body traveling freely in space, with a larger mass and gravitations pull, tear parts away if the larger body passed the smaller and the smaller moved inside its Roche limit?

submitted by /u/kellogchkt912
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How bright is a starry night?

Posted: 31 Aug 2021 08:05 PM PDT

Assuming no other light sources (human light pollution, moon, etc.)

Essentially, how many Watts of visible spectrum light will be captured by a 1m2 flat surface in outer space? Would the atmosphere change this result by much (visible spectrum). And how that amount of brightness compares to a 60W incandescent equivalent in an ordinary 100 sqft room?

By the way, my assumption is that the stars would be the main source of light under a starry night. Let me know if that is not the case.

submitted by /u/nhremna
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Do all people with synesthesia associate the same things together?

Posted: 31 Aug 2021 12:33 PM PDT

Like when they taste the same food and see a colour, would it be the same colour? Or when they hear the same sound and see colours or patterns would they be the same or similar or is it completely subjective/dependant on the person?

submitted by /u/Y-Woo
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Is Fusion for Energy Production or Weapons?

Posted: 31 Aug 2021 04:59 PM PDT

I follow science in general and have a strong laymen's understanding of nuclear energy; whether it's green energy or not, whether it's feasible to resource or not, whether it's safe or not. All of these questions can be searched and understood by a bystander... for fission.

However, I read this article on fusion recently: Has Fusion Really Had Its "Wright Brothers" moment

You'll see as you read through it that the field expert answering the questions has the opinion that fusion was only ever going to be for weapons. That the decision to call it the next big energy source was more to get funding and keep our knowledge of fusion up incase we needed fusion bombs.

My question is, does anyone in this community have more insight into the truth of Fusion energy? Will it ever be free energy, or is it the case that it's only good for nuclear bombs?

submitted by /u/BigbunnyATK
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What is the smallest living thing that can heal external wounds?

Posted: 31 Aug 2021 08:55 AM PDT

Like how if a human gets a cut they can heal and it will scab over and eventually be fine. What's the smallest living thing that can do a similar thing to that?

submitted by /u/MisterSnippy
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Is cryptocurrency really that bad for the environment?

Posted: 31 Aug 2021 02:29 PM PDT

It seems these days like every time I see a discussion on social media about cryptocurrency/NFT/blockchain tech, there's at least one person accusing the rest of burning down rainforests. I've been hearing a LOT that cryptocurrency is uniquely bad for the planet and nobody who cares about climate change should use it.

The argument, as best as I can tell, is that mining cryptocurrency/keeping a blockchain up to date requires a lot of computing power, which requires a lot of electrical power, which thus results in more fossil fuels being burned and thus more emissions--all in the service of a hobby that adds nothing real or valuable to the world. Which isn't *wrong*, but... isn't the same true of TikTok?

Movie streaming, gaming, porn, social media--there are a LOT of frivolous things that consume huge amounts of computing power/electricity and don't have nearly the same reputation for environmental harm. Am I missing something? Is there a secret side effect that makes blockchain uniquely terrible? Or are there better places to focus our climate-change efforts?

submitted by /u/Yeah-But-Ironically
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Which major diseases originated from humans rather than animals?

Posted: 31 Aug 2021 04:11 AM PDT

You hear all about diseases leaping from animals to humans (HIV, INFLUENZA, EBOLA), but what major diseases originated from amongst humans themselves? In particular, have angt of these diseases since leapt to other animals?

Note: for clarity, this is not for speculating about anything potentially human-made.

submitted by /u/RaptureInRed
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AZ question: Does the likelihood of uncomfortable side effects decrease as age increases?

Posted: 31 Aug 2021 04:48 PM PDT

How does a vaccine applied via adenovirus produce a response without affecting your DNA?

Posted: 31 Aug 2021 02:54 PM PDT

Bear with me as I am a definite layman. I have an undergrad 100 level grasp of biology. I already understand how an mRNA vaccine is unable to affect your DNA, but my understanding is that an adenovirus application will inject whole DNA (not mRNA) into a cell nucleus, is this correct? From there, what mechanism allows it to help develop the immune response and what mechanism doesn't allow it to alter your DNA?

I feel like these days you need to make disclaimers or else people automatically lump you into predefined boxes. I am not at all anti-vax. I have noticed (from family members unfortunately) that a lot of anti-vaxxers keep bringing up "expiramental gene therapy" as a big scary expression without any explanation of what the hell they are talking about or why it's some big government secret. My limited understanding of gene therapy treatments that do exist is that if they were able to implement an effective gene therapy drug at the price and with as few side effects as the Covid vaccines that it would be a huge breakthrough that they would be very proud of, not trying to hide.

submitted by /u/cheapseats91
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