Pfizer vaccine was initially recommended to be stored at -60C to -80C for transportation. Is the vaccine still at a liquid state at this temperature or is it frozen solid? | AskScience Blog

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Wednesday, September 8, 2021

Pfizer vaccine was initially recommended to be stored at -60C to -80C for transportation. Is the vaccine still at a liquid state at this temperature or is it frozen solid?

Pfizer vaccine was initially recommended to be stored at -60C to -80C for transportation. Is the vaccine still at a liquid state at this temperature or is it frozen solid?


Pfizer vaccine was initially recommended to be stored at -60C to -80C for transportation. Is the vaccine still at a liquid state at this temperature or is it frozen solid?

Posted: 07 Sep 2021 06:39 PM PDT

Are there short-term, long-term, and working attention spans the way there are with memory?

Posted: 08 Sep 2021 07:01 AM PDT

e.g. Is someone with ADHD likely to have more challenges with long-term goals due to distraction, or does it only affect day-to-day tasks?

submitted by /u/submarginal
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Could satellites or planets orbit a black hole without being sucked into it and how far away of a black hole would they need to be to stay in orbit?

Posted: 07 Sep 2021 11:05 PM PDT

Ask Anything Wednesday - Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Posted: 08 Sep 2021 07:00 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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In the philosophy of physics, is there not a logical contradiction needing to be solved that quantum properties which are fundamentally probabilistic on the particle level combine to form objects which behave deterministically described by Newtonian physics?

Posted: 07 Sep 2021 01:18 PM PDT

I have heard many casually explain that the rules of physics are somewhat like a "piece-wise" function, with quantum rules applying to the particle level and Newtonian physics and classical mechanics describing behavior on the larger object level. However, it seems to me that if every single particle inside a baseball behaves probabilistically in its motion, and all these particles join to create a ball which when thrown has its trajectory behave in a deterministic way described by classical mechanics, what we are then suggesting is that an object which behaves deterministically is comprised entirely of parts which themselves independently behave probabilistically on the particle level. How can determinism be an emergent property of an object produced entirely by elements with probabilistic characteristics? I cannot wrap my head around this, and I am wondering if this is a legitimate issue in the physics community, if there are any thinkers who have dealt with this or if this is an issue in my construction of the argument.

Thanks in advance.

submitted by /u/BenjaminShapiro
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Is it possible that an “earthquake season” could exist? Or are the earthquakes in my country just coincidences?

Posted: 08 Sep 2021 06:30 AM PDT

I live in Mexico and earthquakes are fairly common here. They happen at any point of the year really but there's a strange pattern a lot of us have been noticing recently. One of Mexico's most devastating earthquakes happened on September 19, 1985. Then in 2017, a small earthquake happened on September the 7th. Then, just a few days later, on September 19th, another one of the most devastating earthquakes happened. Yesterday, September 7th 2021, another earthquake happened. Not as strong but extremely noticeable. 6.9-7.2 I think.

I'm just wondering if there's a reason why a lot of the most noticeable earthquakes here tend to happen during September. I know it's probably just an interesting coincidence but if anyone knows of something, I'd appreciate them sharing!

submitted by /u/BabyAcid2001
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How much do the ratings for K-12 schools actually matter? Are there measurable improvements in outcomes for kids who go to highly rated schools versus average schools?

Posted: 08 Sep 2021 03:39 AM PDT

what happens to the vaccine after the mRNA is processed by the ribosome?

Posted: 07 Sep 2021 03:24 PM PDT

So obviously i understand a bit of how the covid19 vaccine works, but what happens to the strands of mRNA after the ribosome "reads" it? Does it just float around in the cell or does it get broken down, or something else?

submitted by /u/SimplyStuart
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Is there a good explainer for why the Moderna vaccine is performing better than Pfizer?

Posted: 08 Sep 2021 01:42 AM PDT

Do PVC acids affect other plastics such as PP and PE?

Posted: 08 Sep 2021 05:24 AM PDT

I did some research on PVC and read that PVC releases hydrochloric acids over time. Could someone enlighten me on this? And do the acids affect other plastics (PP & PE) over a long period of time?

submitted by /u/loptoaded
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what causes NADH and FADH2 to undergo oxidation during oxidative phosphorylation? and why is oxygen necessary?

Posted: 08 Sep 2021 12:57 AM PDT

to clarify the latter question, I was wondering why it is important for oxygen to act as the final electron acceptor.

submitted by /u/kimchuzu
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When exciting electrons to higher energy levels in an atom, does the atomic radii of the material increase?

Posted: 07 Sep 2021 03:04 PM PDT

How does regenerative braking "intensify"?

Posted: 07 Sep 2021 10:23 PM PDT

I'm going to assume I understand the in one way, the electric motor propels the car forward, and in the other, the wheels turn the motor as a generator, regenerating power.

My question is how is this power varied? Before the friction brakes kick in, my hybrid regenerates "harder" as you push down on the brake.

Image of gauge cluster in my 2018 Optima. As I press the brake harder, the needle moves further into the blue "Charge" area and regenerates more, slowing the car more rapidly. What is happening after I push the brake harder to provide that additional resistance? If it's the gearbox, would this be the same in a fully electric car?

submitted by /u/PM_ME_YOUR_CALICOS
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With hallucinations of pain, do patients experience physical symptoms like redness and swelling of the falsely painful area?

Posted: 07 Sep 2021 10:17 PM PDT

I'm wondering if, in a patient with schizophrenia, does their body react to painful hallucinations the way it would if it were a real injury? Since the brain is responsible for sending signals to swell and flood the injury site with blood, I'd imagine the brain could trick itself into reacting to an internal stimulus as it would for an external one.

submitted by /u/cat-eating-a-salad
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Why do egg yolks turn green/grey when overcooked in the shell, but stay yellow any other way?

Posted: 07 Sep 2021 06:47 PM PDT

Mirror neurons and mental practice: is there any correlation or overlap? Do mirror neurons show activity during NLP/manipulation events? Do emotionally codependent people with enmeshment show more mirror neurons activity?

Posted: 07 Sep 2021 06:04 PM PDT

Why does pure copper contaminate rhodium plating solution?

Posted: 07 Sep 2021 10:53 PM PDT

How different is the population density of ocean life between the coast and the middle of the ocean? Are the coasts dramatically more densely populated than hundreds of miles from shore, or is it somewhat evenly distributed?

Posted: 07 Sep 2021 02:39 PM PDT

What makes certain metals denser than other ones? (mercury vs lead)

Posted: 07 Sep 2021 09:24 PM PDT

When looking at the density of elements in the periodic table, more specifically the transitional metals you can see that the metals in the "middle" of the row are more dense than the ones close to the ends. and why is mercury more dense than lead because of this. Mercury has lower attraction levels between atoms which makes it a liquid at room temperature and a lower atomic weight but despite this, it is still less dense than lead. And what makes metals in the middle of the row more dense than the other metals?

submitted by /u/SSR2806
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