Are birds today descended from a single dinosaur species or multiple dinosaur species? | AskScience Blog

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Monday, June 28, 2021

Are birds today descended from a single dinosaur species or multiple dinosaur species?

Are birds today descended from a single dinosaur species or multiple dinosaur species?


Are birds today descended from a single dinosaur species or multiple dinosaur species?

Posted: 27 Jun 2021 06:38 PM PDT

Basically the title. Do we know? If not, will we ever know?

Or is my understanding of evolution so poor that this question makes no sense?

submitted by /u/_meshy
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Why don't planes have dimples like golf balls?

Posted: 27 Jun 2021 10:54 AM PDT

If golf balls are made more aerodynamic by having a dimpled surface, than why don't we use this design principle for other things that need low drag such as cars, aircraft, boats, etc?

submitted by /u/velloceti
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How do they know that the skull found in Harbin (AKA Dragon Man) belonged to a male and not a female?

Posted: 27 Jun 2021 07:21 AM PDT

I was just reading an article about it, and there was a drawing of a male Homo longi, and I thought, why couldn't it be a female? Is there a scientific way of knowing that from the skull, considering that their characteristics differ from H.Sapiens?

I then googled, "archaic human" and saw mostly male represented, which led me to a second question, do we have any evidence-based estimates of the female-male ratio on those populations?

submitted by /u/LiliMaz
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Having a large supply of ATP inhibits oxidative phosphorylation, thus preventing more ATP from being synthesized. Is there any particular reason that the body wouldn't want to keep creating more ATP?

Posted: 28 Jun 2021 08:39 AM PDT

Wouldn't it be better for the body to just stockpile ATP rather than store energy as triacylglycerol?

Edit: my best guess is that ATP is less energy dense than fats, so if you kept making it you'd inflate like a balloon. I'm also thinking that maybe we don't have enough adenosine to be using it all up on excess ATP, so it makes more sense to just constantly recycle a small quantity than it does to stockpile it. Am I on to something here?

submitted by /u/stirling_s
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Regarding evolved resistance to medicines for pathogens, is there a well understood mathematical limit to natural mutation/selection, such that we can be confident a new therapy will provide long lasting protection?

Posted: 28 Jun 2021 06:34 AM PDT

The dangers of antibiotic resistance are well known, as are the dangers of vaccine resistance with mutation. If we were able to create some new form of treatment, would it theoretically be possible to ensure it remains outside of the evolutionary ability of the pathogen to adapt and can we model/predict this mathematically?

submitted by /u/I-mean-Literally
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How much energy is required for D-D fusion???

Posted: 27 Jun 2021 01:08 PM PDT

I can't find a straight answer on this anywhere! Everyone seems to know the temperature required for fusion, and everyone knows the amount of energy released by the reaction, but I want to know the amount of energy required to move two deuterium atoms at rest, to a distance close enough to fuse is. Anyone know what this amount of energy is? I know quantum tunneling effects come into play, but just ballpark it. Let's say a distance close enough that there's a 50% chance of tunneling. Is it 1MeV? 0.5MeV? 2MeV?

submitted by /u/-CuriousPanda-
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The mitochondria and chloroplast are examples of endosymbiotic relationships, but are there any other examples of eukaryotic cells forming an endosymbiotic relationship with another organism?

Posted: 27 Jun 2021 10:58 AM PDT

If there aren't, then what stops cells from forming such relationships? If there are, what is the nature of the symbiotic relationship, and are they able to pass on these endosymbionts to subsequent generations?

submitted by /u/stirling_s
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Is this meteorologist correct in stating that the contribution of global warming to the current PNW heatwave is minimal?

Posted: 27 Jun 2021 09:48 PM PDT

Seattle-based meteorologist and known... shall we simply say "controversy enthusiast" Cliff Mass wrote the following late last week in regarding the forecasts for what has become the hottest day in Seattle history (bold emphasis is mine):

But consider that the temperature anomalies (differences from normal) during this event will reach 30-35F. The proximate cause of this event is a huge/persistent ridge of high pressure, part of a highly anomalous amplification of the upper-level wave pattern.

There is no evidence that such a wave pattern is anything other than natural variability (I have done research on this issue and published in the peer-reviewed literature on this exact topic).

So without global warming, a location that was 104F would have been 102F. Still a severe heat wave, just slightly less intense.

Source: https://cliffmass.blogspot.com/2021/06/incredible-temperatures-are-being.html

Is this essentially correct, ie. that this is natural variability, and that today would have still been balls hot in Seattle, or is the "huge/persistent ridge of high pressure" that caused this event somehow a result of climate change?

Most other sources I read seem to take that this is climate change at work as a given. I'd be curious to hear a rebuttal/support from someone who knows what they are talking about!

submitted by /u/quick_Ag
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What is actually being referenced as “average” temperature?

Posted: 27 Jun 2021 01:56 PM PDT

I always see climate change referenced as a change in average temperature. What average? Is this the recorded high temperature every day/365? Or is it the average of every June 27, year over year? Or something else? It just seems underwhelming when I hear a change in average temperature of say 2-3 degrees, even though I understand climate scientists are very concerned about it. It's hard to contextualize without knowing what average we're talking about.

submitted by /u/RockAtlasCanus
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How were vaccines used in the 1980s and 1990s made? (mRNA, viral vector, etc.)

Posted: 27 Jun 2021 10:04 AM PDT

(I know mRNA is new so it won't be that but I just listed it as an example) I wondered if anyone knows how the usual vaccines administered in childhood (in the UK) were made/formulated? I'm referring to tetanus, diphtheria, MMR, rabies, measles, polio etc.

submitted by /u/R_12345678910
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Does Earths Aphelion always fall on an American summer?

Posted: 27 Jun 2021 09:54 PM PDT

-Does it always fall on an american summer? -If so, could this be why it seems as though an Australian summer is so much more brutal? -Is the temperature difference so much that we can actually tell? -How much does an Aphelion affect a winter cycle?

submitted by /u/AcidxChristxMessiah
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Why is foliar feeding strongly suggested compared to the traditional method of fertilization through soil and root systems?

Posted: 27 Jun 2021 10:02 AM PDT

I'm an engineer that is endlessly optimizing my gardening. I've read a plethora of material regarding fertilization and exudates and it has made me think about this topic. I don't have much of a background in biology, let alone botany, so I'd love some insight.

I see that foliar feeding is widely suggested for fertilization of vegetables. My understanding of nutrient uptake through root systems is as follows:

-plant sends out exudates for nutrients -soil biology feeds on exudates and provide respective soluble nutrients in return -the root system uptakes these nutrients with water/moisture in soil

My understanding of foliar feeding is that the stomata on the leaves are capable of water intake, but to a far smaller degree. The foliage can take in nutrients with this water. But, the intake through the stomata is massively inefficient compared to a plant's root system.

With all of that said, my question stands. I understand the peat control aspect of foliar feeding, but why is it widely suggested regarding nutrient uptake?

submitted by /u/VarietyStream
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Can your body adapt to hot temperatures over time like exercising a muscle increases it’s strength?

Posted: 26 Jun 2021 09:29 PM PDT

I'm wondering, can a person's body adapt to thermoregulate more efficiently and therefore handle hotter temperatures? Obviously the body adapts by sweating etc., but I mean can it get better at handling heat like exercising a muscle makes it stronger? Also, are people with certain genetics more able to withstand heat than others?

submitted by /u/BigSackofPotatoz
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Was my mother's assertion that "all the nutrition is in the skin" for fruits and vegetables true?

Posted: 26 Jun 2021 09:55 PM PDT

My mother insisted that peeling vegetables and fruits removed a significant fraction of their nutritional value. Are there foods for which this is true?

submitted by /u/jns_reddit_already
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Is there any correlation between dark triade personality traits and IQ?

Posted: 27 Jun 2021 08:39 AM PDT

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