In a desert, what is under all of the sand? | AskScience Blog

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Wednesday, October 2, 2019

In a desert, what is under all of the sand?

In a desert, what is under all of the sand?


In a desert, what is under all of the sand?

Posted: 01 Oct 2019 11:50 AM PDT

I've always wondered, in stereotypical deserts with plentiful sand dunes, how deep does the sand go? And what's under the sand? Water? Dirt? Stone?

submitted by /u/sloposaurus
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Posted: 02 Oct 2019 08:08 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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What is the most primitive organism that can get addicted to drugs?

Posted: 01 Oct 2019 08:06 PM PDT

From the perspective of an outside observer, when does the Schwarzschild radius of a black hole grows?

Posted: 01 Oct 2019 06:51 PM PDT

As I understand, from the perspective of an outside observer, an object falling into a black hole approaches its event horizon asymptotically and takes infinite time to actually reach it. So, when would the observer be able to register the Schwarzschild radius of the black hole increase, if, as far as they're concerned, the object never crosses the horizon?

Would it be the moment when the object gets close enough to the "old" horizon to be encompassed by a "new" horizon that accounts for the objects mass?

submitted by /u/CommanderWobbly
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When the Earth and Mars are positioned 180° across from each-other with the Sun in-between them, are we able to recieve data from equipment on Mars or does the Sun form a sort of radio "dead zone"?

Posted: 01 Oct 2019 06:09 PM PDT

Can a container ship be powered by a nuclear reactor rather than the gasoline equivalent of 50 million cars?

Posted: 01 Oct 2019 02:03 PM PDT

Do identical twins grow their teeth the same way?

Posted: 01 Oct 2019 06:48 PM PDT

I guess what I'm trying to ask is if teeth growing is genetic? Like would identical twins both have the same "crookedness" of teeth after 20 years if neither got braces?

submitted by /u/alosia
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Why can't you be focused throughout the whole day?

Posted: 01 Oct 2019 11:58 AM PDT

Why cant you start focusing when you wake up and stay so till you go to sleep? When I try to do this, I get tired and I make mistakes I normally don't do. Why does this happen?

submitted by /u/Myzel394
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are electron current and "hole current" (positive) different things?

Posted: 01 Oct 2019 02:41 PM PDT

I learned a while ago that electric current is caused by negatively charged electrons moving through a conductor, but conventional current is modeled as positively charged "holes" (the absence of an electron) moving in the opposite direction in order to make calculations easier. I always thought an electron moving in one direction was the exact same thing as a hole moving in the opposite direction, but recently i read a physics textbook that said "most conductors exhibit electron current, but some, including zinc and aluminum, exhibit hole current", which implies that they are different things. Is the textbook correct? If so, what's the difference between electron and hole current?

submitted by /u/Valence55
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Why don't celestial objects rotating around other celestial bodies (like the earth, rotating around the sun) end up colliding with the thing they're orbiting (like a marble, ending up in the center of a sloped surface)?

Posted: 01 Oct 2019 01:05 PM PDT

I ask because i just saw some images of how gravity actually works, with gravity wells surrounding massive objects. So i got to wonder how something like the earth, doesn't eventually fall into the gravity-well of the sun?

submitted by /u/benisbrother
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[Medicine]what is it about red meat that makes it carcinogen?

Posted: 01 Oct 2019 02:32 PM PDT

What factors determine the lifespan of an animal?

Posted: 01 Oct 2019 07:49 AM PDT

I know the question seems stupid but I really am curious why other mammals with similar size to humans live so much less if compared to us. We are descendants of apes but what actually caused human lifespan to reach about twice the lifespan of apes and other mammals.

Edit: I would like to clarify that I understand modern science and medicines have helped humans a lot, but I am just trying to put on a hypothetical situation here. Okay, lets say a human stays infection/disease free and is supposed to die only by natural causes, he is most probably supposed to survive till 70 at least as per my understanding, but put the same scenario on any other animal and they still would pass away at a much earlier stage. What is the cause behind that?

submitted by /u/mrgarlicpickle
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Why does the current that flows through a semiconductor increase nonlinearly as a reaction to an increasing temperature?

Posted: 01 Oct 2019 10:28 PM PDT

We're learning about semiconductors in school, and there's one thing I don't understand:

We graphed the amount of current that is flowing through the semiconductor over the temperature the it's exposed to.

With linearly increasing heat, the current increased in a curve.

This doesn't make sense to me because we learned in class, that because of the increasing heat, more electrons can free themselves from their bonds and start flowing, which allows more current to pass through. With this explanation, I would think that if there is double the amount of heat, the reaction of the semiconductor would be to let double as many electrons flow freely. This would result in a linearly growing line in the above mentioned graph.

This is not the case, and that's what I'm confused about.

(Thx in advance, and srry if I didn't explain it very well.)

submitted by /u/niktedig
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Magnitude or depth, which is more important to strength of an earthquake?

Posted: 01 Oct 2019 10:08 AM PDT

My friend and I are arguing about what more important when thinking about the strength of an earthquake, depth or magnitude. I think the magnitude of the earthquake at your location is more critical to understand the strength of the earthquake.

Could someone help us understand this stuff?

submitted by /u/Sontlux
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How do we know how much of each cannabinoid (CBD, THC) is in a cannabis product?

Posted: 01 Oct 2019 01:10 PM PDT

My food analysis professor stated in class that there is no official method for measuring cannabinoid content in products as of now. But I know that CBD products (at least the legal CBD products in my state) often say the CBD content. This has me wondering how they are finding this out, is it just any random unofficial test they come up with?

submitted by /u/EPIC-8970
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How does the value of a field propagate? (physics)

Posted: 01 Oct 2019 07:46 AM PDT

In the entry level physics courses when you have a charged particle you are told to put a 'test charge' somewhere in your problem (the field) and evaluate what the forces should be if you actually had a test charge in that position. My understanding is that if you did have a test charge in that location that there would be an exchange of force carriers (photons in this particular field) between the source and the test charges. This would be how they interact and determine the effect they have on one another.

What I'm curious about is how the field exists without a test charge. The way I have always thought about it is that there is a 'sea' of virtual particles propagating out from the source charge throughout the entire region of that field (which I guess is infinite?) and those virtual particles interacting with one another carry the 'field value' for any particular point. But the idea of infinite virtual particles propagating for everything that projects a field feels intuitively wrong....

So that is my question: How does a point in a field, electromagnetic or otherwise, 'know' what value to evaluate to be. Sea of virtual particles, or is the field an object in itself and does the field just update itself in an outwardly moving wave from each source particle that exists inside of it? Or something else?

submitted by /u/charmquark237
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Do Merkel cells have hemidesmosomes?

Posted: 01 Oct 2019 12:01 PM PDT

Hi everyone! Just a stressed med student here :/

Can anyone let me know if Merkel cells have hemidesmosomes? I know that they have desmosomes that connect them to keratinocytes, but I'm not sure if the Merkel cells themselves have hemidesmosomes that connect them to the basement membrane.

Thanks!!

submitted by /u/PatateEndormie
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What is the difference between Constant-Mean-Curvature surfaces and Minimal surfaces?

Posted: 01 Oct 2019 10:58 AM PDT

How does TMJ happen? (The cramp in your jaw when you yawn really big)

Posted: 01 Oct 2019 01:12 AM PDT

So I understand why it's caused and how to deal with, but I just want to know what specifically happens with your muscles/tendons that makes it so painful. It feels like they stretch too far and get stuck rather than contracting back to a normal position. Any explanation or visual would be greatly appreciated.

submitted by /u/ParkerR_93
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How do you feed someone in a coma?

Posted: 30 Sep 2019 06:18 PM PDT

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