- AskScience AMA Series: I'm Alison Van Eenennaam, a researcher in animal genetics in the Department of Animal Science at the University of California, Davis. I'm here to answer questions about genome editing and its potential to bring useful genetic variants into agricultural breeding programs. AMA!
- Is a vacuum cleaner's "sucking power" limited to the atmospheric pressure around it?
- What mechanism allows the heart to always develop on the left side of the body and not the right?
- The universe is more than 13 billion years old. But what did it look like when it was only a year old?
- What is the significance of the magnetic north pole?
- Why does the color of the sky get lighter, the closer it is to the horizon?
- Are there convection currents in boiling water?
- Is there a causal link between the forward progression of time and the outward expansion of the universe?
- Why can objects only travel at light speed in a vacuum. Theoretically shouldn't they just be able to accelerate to much higher than that? Photons especially have no weight so why are they limited to 300000 km/s.
- How do I explain to a FLAT EARTHER friend that gravity exists and what we experience is not just an effect of density?
- Is there a maximum possible magnetic flux density?
- What is the difference between Gasoline(US), Gasoline(UK),Gasoline(India,elsewhere), Petrol, LPG(India,elsewhere) and CNG?
- Can CRISPR be used to replicate HeLa cells in living humans, and/or to what effect?
- How did scientists and mathematicians calculate the speed of light?
- What does the ‘charge’ of the W- and W+ boson have to do with turning an up quark into a down quark or vice versa?
- Is the argument that we get more oxygen from sea than from plants validating theory, that global worming is just a natural cycle for Earth, and humans have nothing to do with it?
- Why is homochromia the norm?
- Does the uncertainty principle have any effect on the measurement of waves?
- When birds (specifically geese, but any birds) fly in a large pattern, how do they know their next move? Are all the birds following the bird at the front? Or do they all know where exactly to go, and just fly in a pattern for efficiency?
- How many names AND faces can the average person remember at any given time?
- Our galaxy is 100,000 light years across, how do astronomers calculate what it looks like "now" using star positions as they appear now?
- Does physics require time reversal symmetry?
- What is gravitational lensing?
| Posted: 11 Oct 2019 04:00 AM PDT Hi Reddit, I am Alison Van Eenennaam. I just published a paper in Nature Biotechnology entitled "Genomic and phenotypic analyses of six offspring of a genome-edited hornless bull". For the past two years, my laboratory and collaborators have been studying six offspring of a dairy bull, genome-edited to prevent it from growing horns. This technology has been proposed as an alternative to dehorning, a common management practice performed to protect other cattle and human handlers from injuries. We found that none of the bull's offspring developed horns, as expected, and blood work and physical exams of the calves found they were all healthy. We also sequenced the genomes of the calves and their parents and analyzed these genomic sequences. Our study found that two calves inherited the naturally-occurring hornless allele, and four calves additionally inherited a fragment of bacterial DNA, known as a plasmid. This study has generated some media interest, and I am here to answer questions about the study, and genome editing more generally. On a personal note I'm originally from Australia where I completed a Bachelor of Agricultural Science at The University of Melbourne, before completing my Masters and Ph.D. in Genetics at UC Davis. I have now lived in California for over 30 years with my husband who is a reproductive biologist studying white sturgeon. We are therefore "surf and turf", and also parents of two college-age boys. The website for my research is https://animalbiotech.ucdavis.edu/. You can follow me on Twitter @BioBeef. I'll be online at 11am Pacific Time (2PM ET, 18 UT) on Friday October 11 to answer your questions. AMA! Dr. Alison Van Eenennaam is a Cooperative Extension Specialist in the field of Animal Genomics and Biotechnology in the Department of Animal Science at University of California, Davis. She received a Bachelor of Agricultural Science from the University of Melbourne in Australia, and both an MS in Animal Science, and a PhD in Genetics from UC Davis. Her publicly-funded research and outreach program focuses on the use of animal genomics and biotechnology in livestock production systems. Her current research projects include the development of genome editing approaches for cattle. She has given over 600 invited presentations to audiences globally, and uses a variety of media to inform general public audiences about science and technology. She serves as the bovine genome coordinator for the USDA National Animal Genome Research Program, was a member of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) Study Committee for "Science Breakthroughs 2030: A Strategy for Food and Agricultural Research", and is an elected Fellow and current chair of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Agriculture, Food, and Renewable Resources Section. A passionate advocate of science, Dr. Van Eenennaam was the recipient of the 2010 Association of Public and Land-grant Universities (APLU) National Award for Excellence in Extension, 2014 Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) Borlaug Communication Award, and the American Society of Animal Science 2019 Rockefeller Prentice Award in Animal Breeding and Genetics. [link] [comments]  |
| Is a vacuum cleaner's "sucking power" limited to the atmospheric pressure around it? Posted: 11 Oct 2019 06:18 AM PDT I feel like all a vacuum does is create an empty space by pushing air, and the "sucking" that happens at the end is just the weight of the atmosphere pushing air into the vacuum. So can a vacuum cleaner's suction only be so strong? I see some vacuums advertise high horsepower, but is there a limit to how much horsepower actually helps the vacuum? If i had a million horse power vacuum that spun way faster than a normal vacuum, would they both still have roughly the same suction, because that's dictated by air pressure? [link] [comments]  |
| What mechanism allows the heart to always develop on the left side of the body and not the right? Posted: 11 Oct 2019 06:22 AM PDT I assume the fertilised egg is essentially bi-latterly symmetrical, as is the early blastocyst and embryo. When non-mirrored features appear and how can the embryo control whether they occur on the right or the left. Sorry for the crappy phrasing, but essentially how does the developing embryo 'know' which is the left and right side of the body? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 11 Oct 2019 05:41 AM PDT Lets say we were to send an indestructible camera back in time a couple billion years in order to take some pictures/video of the universe as it looked exactly one year after the Big Bang. What could we expect to see? What about after ten years? A hundred? A thousand? A million? How long would it take the universe to start looking like it does now? [link] [comments]  |
| What is the significance of the magnetic north pole? Posted: 11 Oct 2019 06:40 AM PDT If I understand correctly, geographic poles decide where the equator lies, and the way the earth spins. If these poles where to change the effects would be drastic: some parts of the planet would get far more sunlight while others would get far less. Now, if the magnetic poles would change drastically, would we notice? Basically the question comes down to what are the effects of magnetic poles, why do they matter? [link] [comments]  |
| Why does the color of the sky get lighter, the closer it is to the horizon? Posted: 09 Oct 2019 06:37 PM PDT |
| Are there convection currents in boiling water? Posted: 11 Oct 2019 07:31 AM PDT And where do the bubbles in boiling water come from? The bottom or from the middle? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 11 Oct 2019 06:23 AM PDT Relativity has shown us that space and time are vitally linked and more accurately described as spacetime. The universe continues to constantly expand in a determined direction (I just mean outwardly) while time flows only in a forward direction. I know Gen Relativity predicts an expanding universe, but I would be interested to know what research has been done on the estimated rate of expansion, the forward rate of time, and whether there is a causal connection between their unidirectional flows. I guess it could be easier to ask if there are any models that predict a backwards progression of time with a contracting universe. [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 10 Oct 2019 08:15 AM PDT I apologize in advance if this is a stupid question. [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 11 Oct 2019 05:25 AM PDT So I have a friend who is a flat earther and he believes that gravity does not exist and what we experience is due to only density I have tried to explain to him that density is not a force but he does not understand or believe me. What else can I do to help him believe in gravity. [link] [comments]  |
| Is there a maximum possible magnetic flux density? Posted: 11 Oct 2019 07:26 AM PDT |
| Posted: 11 Oct 2019 06:59 AM PDT I googled a bit but different people are saying conflicting things like Gasoline=Kerosene, Gasoline=LPG, Gasoline=Petrol and so on. Where does Kerosene come here btw. [link] [comments]  |
| Can CRISPR be used to replicate HeLa cells in living humans, and/or to what effect? Posted: 11 Oct 2019 06:47 AM PDT |
| How did scientists and mathematicians calculate the speed of light? Posted: 10 Oct 2019 09:17 AM PDT |
| Posted: 10 Oct 2019 09:42 PM PDT |
| Posted: 11 Oct 2019 06:52 AM PDT Also sea does "inhale" co2. Ah sorry I meant warming, you can't edit title on reddit? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 10 Oct 2019 03:33 PM PDT Why do most people and animals have the same color in both of their eyes? [link] [comments]  |
| Does the uncertainty principle have any effect on the measurement of waves? Posted: 10 Oct 2019 08:13 PM PDT I have a small familiarity with the effect of the uncertainty princiuple on the measurment of particles. In my (limited) understanding, the measurment of position/momentum of a particle directly affects said particle and gaining more knowledge of one means less information on the other. Does this trranslate at all to the meansurement of waves? How about when the particles are more wave-like? In the same vein, how about gravitational waves? Thanks in advance! [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 10 Oct 2019 04:36 AM PDT |
| How many names AND faces can the average person remember at any given time? Posted: 10 Oct 2019 07:40 AM PDT Mostly out of curiosity. I used to work at an office building that had ~300 people that worked there, and as a receptionist I would learn everyone and greet them most of the time (some people would just 'nod' so I would nod back). Over the course of two years I learned almost all of their names and would be able to give them packets with their name on it without asking, or send up their wives or husbands without calling up. I've recently switched jobs to an office building where I'm responsible for like... 2000+ people. I'm having a hard time adjusting and I am basically overwhelmed with trying to remember people. People I've given packets to at least twice I'm still asking to see ID badges for. Its not the end of the world but it makes me feel impersonal, like I don't care to remember peoples name and face. I'm wondering if theres been studies about how many people a single person can recognize the face and name of at any given time? Should it be nearly endless, given time getting to know people? Is my brain over-writing people as I learn new people? [link] [comments]  |
| Posted: 10 Oct 2019 07:27 AM PDT Our galaxy is 100,000 light years across, how do astronomers calculate what it looks like "now" using star positions as they appear now? There must be some model and assumptions made about the movement of the stars, doesn't that introduce bias when trying to determine galactic structure? What does the (distorted, apparent) map of the galaxy look like before they apply the correction for light time of flight? Would our night sky look radically different if we could see stars as if the speed of light were infinite? [link] [comments]  |
| Does physics require time reversal symmetry? Posted: 10 Oct 2019 09:42 AM PDT I was watching some videos that had been reversed and they seem to be breaking the laws of physics (at least on a qualitative level objects move like they shouldn't in a reversed video). This got me thinking, if reversing a video is the same as reversing time in the equations of physics, then shouldn't they still follow the laws of physics? I know there is time reversal symmetry in optics, and PTC symmetry in particle physics. But on a macroscopic level, when we reverse time, do things still follow the rules of things moving forward in time? Thanks in advance! [link] [comments]  |
| What is gravitational lensing? Posted: 10 Oct 2019 09:29 AM PDT |
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