Why can cannabis be detected in urine weeks after use while other drug traces dissipate after days? What properties set it apart in that regard? | AskScience Blog

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Tuesday, April 23, 2019

Why can cannabis be detected in urine weeks after use while other drug traces dissipate after days? What properties set it apart in that regard?

Why can cannabis be detected in urine weeks after use while other drug traces dissipate after days? What properties set it apart in that regard?


Why can cannabis be detected in urine weeks after use while other drug traces dissipate after days? What properties set it apart in that regard?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 04:23 AM PDT

AskScience AMA Series: We're the researchers behind the "faking a smile" and drinking study, ask us anything!

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 04:00 AM PDT

We're industrial/organizational psychologists whose recent study on emotional labor and drinking gained some traction on /r/science. We're here to answer your questions about controlling emotions at work, its effects on health and productivity, or what the heck an industrial/organizational psychologist is, anyway.

First, some basics. Industrial/Organizational psychology is the scientific study of people at work. Topics range from how to fairly select and place the best applicants, evaluate training programs, and measure job performance; to how to lead effectively, work in teams, motivate employees, and improve their health. It also just so happens to be one of the best jobs in science, according to U.S. News and World Report (not that we're bragging or anything...).

Our line of research, which focuses on emotional labor, ties in aspects of employee motivation, performance, and health. Similar to how we think of jobs requiring physical or mental labor, emotional labor refers to controlling your emotions to be in line with how your job expects you to feel - like how restaurant servers, nurses, cashiers, teachers, bartenders are expected to be kind, friendly, or service-oriented. We typically talk about emotional labor being done through two strategies:

  • Surface acting - faking or suppressing your emotional display to others
    • Faking a smile, holding back frustration towards a customer
  • Deep acting - bringing your true feelings in line with what the job requires
    • Thinking happy thoughts before a shift

There's been a ton of work looking at the effects of emotional labor since Arlie Hochschild coined the concept in 1983 - here's a basic summary, as well as a more in-depth review.

In a national sample of U.S. workers, our study finds that individuals who surface acted more tended to engage in more heavy drinking. This relationship holds even after accounting for demographics (gender, age, education, income), employees' tendency to be in a bad mood, and the emotional demands of the job. We also found that employees who are more impulsive, have less control over their work, or have more short-term interactions (think cashier, compared to nurse or teacher) are especially at risk. We'll be on from 2-4 (ET, 18-20 UT) and we'd love to answer any questions you might have about our study, emotional labor more generally, or the study of people at work!

Bios:

  • Alicia A. Grandey, Ph.D., Professor of Psychology at Penn State University. Always striving to balance work productivity and personal health in research and life through running, yoga, travel, theatre, and time with family and friends.
  • Robert C. Melloy, Ph.D., Senior People Scientist at Culture Amp. As a longtime Redditor, thanks so much for taking interest in our work and helping us make the front page! - - > my (late night) reaction to seeing it!
  • Gordon M. Sayre: Doctoral Candidate at Penn State University. Hobbies include playing tennis, spearfishing, and trying desperately to keep my garden alive.
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Do transplanted organs make new cells with the donor's DNA forever? Or does the recipient's DNA start to take over the creation of new cells for the transplanted organ?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 05:07 PM PDT

What is so "special" about the toe that it produces a toe nail? Why can't other places of skin do this, like my elbow?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 11:38 PM PDT

What do space stations do to get rid of excess heat?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 07:06 AM PDT

With heat constantly being transferred from the sun and from electronic devices on board, how do space stations get rid of excess heat seeing as they are surrounded by vacuum?

submitted by /u/Shootrmcgavn
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Do plants of the same size give off the same amount of oxygen?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 10:44 PM PDT

Are there any plants that give off a higher percentage of oxygen per centimeter of (plant space?) than other compatible plants?
What would be the best house plant for good fresh air?

submitted by /u/Tmanning47
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Would an object with twice the mass (and size) of the moon, situated twice the distance away from Earth that the moon is now, have the same effect on the tides as the moon?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 04:24 PM PDT

Not sure if this is Astronomy or Planetary Sci. I'll change if it does not fit.

submitted by /u/UmmmWut_1
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Do the proportions of nutrients change in a fruit as it ripens?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 06:51 PM PDT

E.g. in a banana, do the amounts of potassium or vitamin b6 change from when it is green to when it is brown?

submitted by /u/DusktheUmbreon
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How come when we squint at a light it make a plus shape?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 07:32 PM PDT

If all the carbonation from a bottle of soda was removed, would the bottle have a smaller volume of soda? How much less would it weigh? How are bubbles "hidden"in the soda?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 07:55 PM PDT

Is there a daytime equivalent of REM sleep cycles?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 09:34 AM PDT

Do self-replicating organisms suffer from the same adverse effects as inbreeding?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 09:29 AM PDT

EDIT: ever suffer*

submitted by /u/willytheasianwhale
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When should you consider global over local symmetry (or vice versa) when it comes to solid or fluid materials?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 08:21 PM PDT

I was having a discussion with my optics professor about the symmetry of lens and mirror materials at the atomic scale with respect to interactions with light. He was mentioning that it is often understood that liquids and gases are more symmetric than solids because transformations applied don't seems to alter the macroscopic appearance as much.

This made sense to me overall, but of course I intuitively believed that since solids are more orderly, you could find discrete axes and planes to perform transformation that would ideally return everything back to where it started. The part that doesn't make sense is the fact that liquids and gases likely wouldn't microscopically look the same upon performing that same transformation.

Ultimately I'm curious why a break in local symmetry can be "ignored" if a given transformation preserves global symmetry? I'm fairly new to this type of topic so forgive me if this is very basic in the grand scheme.

submitted by /u/GreenTeaMG
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How did the "Mother Lode" vein of California gold develop?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 10:22 AM PDT

And why did it end up concentrating where it did? I have a very basic understanding that it was deposited there as tectonic plates collided and formed the Sierra Nevada mountain range, but where was the gold and in what way was it distributed before the plates collided? (I'd love to learn as much as you can tell me about the process, these are just a few questions that I hope are covered in a broader answer. Thank you!)

submitted by /u/RhinosGoMoo
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So another earthquake hit the PH today. Just 1 day apart, but from different places. Is there a connection between the 2? Should we be worried here in the PH for another big one?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 11:21 PM PDT

Do the proteins and phospholipids of cell walls and organelles have to be repaired often?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 07:05 PM PDT

And does this produce a waste that has to be excreted or does it recycle the material?

submitted by /u/Zhydhe
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Does the concentration of all the matter in our solar system follow a pattern that we might expect in most other solar systems with similar sized suns, i.e most solar systems with earth like planets will be 1 AU from its own sun?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 10:44 AM PDT

I'm reading a colorful space book and saw a figure that shows a full page of super clusters, our local super cluster, or galaxy, and then our solar system.

https://imgur.com/a/XppHGj9

I noticed that when you look at the universe as a whole on that picture, you can see a pattern of very irregular shaped circles, where the stars/brightness are most concentrated on the outlines of each blobby circle. It's like in a way, our whole universe looks like a blobby 3D array of the inside of a beehive.

This got me thinking, does that mean that the overall concentration of each element of matter is roughly spread uniformly throughout the universe? And when looking at our own solar system, does it make mathematical sense where the planets in our own solar system formed relative to the distance of their orbital paths around the sun, and the concentration of elements that formed each planet?

Main question that clarifies what I am asking in the title Has it been observed in other solar systems with suns similar in size/mass to our own, that planets made mostly of certain elements would form in certain ranges of distances from their own suns similar to our own solar system? Like if you zoomed in on a random solar system with a similar sized sun, we'd see a planet roughly the same distance from its sun as Mars, and it would be very similar to our own Mars, and same with planets that are located the same distance from their sun as our own Earth, Mercury, Jupiter, and so on?

submitted by /u/WhiteWashedWeeaboo
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How could you measure activation energy of KNO3 and sugar model rocket fuel in a lab setting and how would this affect the ignition time?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 09:33 PM PDT

My teacher mentioned something about measuring the ignition time for the solid fuel, we haven't covered kinetics yet. I'm looking for a bit of direction.

Thanks!

submitted by /u/unidentified_pancake
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How exactly would a bomb tech die from an explosion?

Posted: 22 Apr 2019 09:02 PM PDT

More specifically, the opening scene of the Hurt Locker where the bomb tech looks to be a reasonable distance away from the bomb to not really be hurt especially with the suit on.

How does distance affect damage and what does the suit they wear protect from mostly?

submitted by /u/daaaaaaabulls
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