What usually happens to refugee camps in the long run? How do they end? | AskScience Blog

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Wednesday, April 17, 2019

What usually happens to refugee camps in the long run? How do they end?

What usually happens to refugee camps in the long run? How do they end?


What usually happens to refugee camps in the long run? How do they end?

Posted: 17 Apr 2019 12:26 AM PDT

After major disasters and wars, the news talks about how international organizations are rushing to set up refugee camps. But you never hear about what happens to those refugee camps in the long run.

Sure, some of them stay around for generations, but is that typical? How long does the average camp stay in operation? What fraction are still active two years, five years, ten years down the line? How do they typically disappear -- do most of their people return home? Do the people move to other permanent settlements? Does the refugee camp gradually become a permanent town? Do the NGOs eventually call it quits and shut down the camps so they can focus on other priorities?

There's lots of individual stories out there, but I'm looking for hard data and statistics on the long-term fate of refugee camps worldwide.

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Optics) Why does the cladding's refractive index need to be lower than the core's for TIR?

Posted: 17 Apr 2019 04:48 AM PDT

I understand that this is how it works, but I can't intuitively understand why. In my head it makes more sense for the cladding material to be denser, hence having a higher refrative index for more light to reflect at the core-cladding interface. Would just like some clarification on understanding this.

submitted by /u/WotAmIEven
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Will we be able to synthesize any more new elements? What about a whole new “line” of elements?

Posted: 16 Apr 2019 04:01 PM PDT

I am aware that the scientific community has acknowledged the elements Nihonium, Flerovium, Moscovium, Livermorium, Tennessine, and Oganesson. We have officially "filled out" the last "line" of our periodic table. The man-made isotopes of these elements famously last for milliseconds. So, my question is, is it theoretically possible to synthesize another Alkali metal? Is it theoretically possible to synthesize an entire new line of elements? Also, is it practically possible, as in with our technology now or in the near future will we ever be able to synthesize a new element? Thank you for your time in helping a layman understand chemistry!

submitted by /u/Daniel_RM
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In quantum physics, how can you check a photon is in superposition without taking a measurement?

Posted: 16 Apr 2019 09:38 PM PDT

Reading this article about a quantum experiment, the author states the following:

Wigner's original thought experiment is straightforward in principle. It begins with a single polarized photon that, when measured, can have either a horizontal polarization or a vertical polarization. But before the measurement, according to the laws of quantum mechanics, the photon exists in both polarization states at the same time—a so-called superposition.

Wigner imagined a friend in a different lab measuring the state of this photon and storing the result, while Wigner observed from afar. Wigner has no information about his friend's measurement and so is forced to assume that the photon and the measurement of it are in a superposition of all possible outcomes of the experiment.

Wigner can even perform an experiment to determine whether this superposition exists or not. This is a kind of interference experiment showing that the photon and the measurement are indeed in a superposition.

How can you check for superposition without taking a measurement?

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Is it possible to create "Anti-Atoms" with Antimatter ?

Posted: 17 Apr 2019 02:25 AM PDT

So I know that antimatter consists of positrones and anti-protons wich are basically the same as

protons and electrons just with opposite charges. So i wondered if there is a possibility that these two can form an "anti-hidrogen atom" and if so if they can form bonds and create "anti-H2" and other molecules (Im not aware of an anti-neutron, so I think that we cannot create more heavy atoms). I know it would be useless because matter and anti-matter annihilate each other but it is interesting if an "anti chemistry" would exist

submitted by /u/whyforgodssakewhy
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What does "1 extra case of cancer per 50,000 lifetimes" mean?

Posted: 17 Apr 2019 06:37 AM PDT

In this article, the author says in the 2nd last paragraph

A team of Swiss researchers calculated that the amount of agaritine the typical mushroom eater is exposed to over the course of their lifetime could potentially lead to 1 extra case of cancer per 50,000 lifetimes. In other words, if it's a carcinogen, it's a pretty weak one. And it's also delivered with an array of cancer preventive compounds, something this analysis didn't try to account for.

My first thought was this means obviously 1 extra case in 50,000 lives.

But then I got confused by the phrasing and was wondering if it means 1 extra case in all the people that live in 50,000 lifetimes (~50,000*80 yrs)

My first, obvious, thought was right, right?

submitted by /u/ThisIsMeRightThere
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Posted: 17 Apr 2019 08:14 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

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How is the temperature of exoplanets determined?

Posted: 16 Apr 2019 09:11 PM PDT

Like Kepler-62f is 208 K/-65 °C/-85 °F, but it's still called habitable, even though being out in those temperatures, even in Antarctic winter gear would give you minutes, at most, before hypothermia. I take it there is also some sort of margin of error with the calculation?

submitted by /u/The_Trekspert
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Why is it difficult to unscrew a tight lugnut? I understand why its difficult to make it tighter, because there's something in the way, but why is going backwards also difficult?

Posted: 16 Apr 2019 11:13 AM PDT

I feel like I'm missing something. There is nothing behind a lugnut keeping it from coming off. So what are the physics at play? I asked myself this while working on my car's tires and struggling to get the lugnuts off.

submitted by /u/zakkara
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If a blind individual was aboard the ISS, would they still see the flashes due to interstellar radiation astronauts claim to see when they close their eyes?

Posted: 16 Apr 2019 09:02 AM PDT

How do organ transplants work?

Posted: 16 Apr 2019 02:55 PM PDT

If you are given an organ from someone else's body, the organ is made of their cells and DNA. Wouldn't this cause your body to reject the organ?

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what is the difference between a rock and a crystal?

Posted: 16 Apr 2019 02:39 PM PDT

What happened to the tons of lead in Notre Dame's roof, will it be a health hazard to firefighters or the river in the future?

Posted: 16 Apr 2019 08:39 AM PDT

How would evenly circulated blood, as opposed to the normal pulse, affect the human body?

Posted: 16 Apr 2019 12:09 PM PDT

I remember, at one point, reading about how some people have their hearts replaced with pumps that pump blood continuously, as opposed to the normal pulse of a human. Since we are born and live our entire lives with the beating of a pulse as opposed to an even flow, would that change by itself affect our body in any way?

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Why is the surface temperature on Venus hotter than Mercury?

Posted: 16 Apr 2019 08:41 PM PDT

What is the difference between induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells?

Posted: 16 Apr 2019 11:23 AM PDT

Hi,

I am curious, what is the difference between induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells?

I know about and what stem cells are, but I am wondering if it is possible to generate an embryo from induced pluripotent stem cells. Effectively my interest is, can one induce pluripotent stem cells and then differentiate these into an embryo?

Thanks

submitted by /u/bangbangIshotmyself
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How is the mass of a star determined?

Posted: 16 Apr 2019 09:53 AM PDT

Why is urine yellow and how is it that certain foods/diets can alter it's color?

Posted: 16 Apr 2019 01:33 PM PDT

How do preverbal babies think?

Posted: 16 Apr 2019 08:54 AM PDT

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