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Wednesday, October 24, 2018

Do countries where people commonly wear face masks when sick have much fewer cases of flu or common colds than others?

Do countries where people commonly wear face masks when sick have much fewer cases of flu or common colds than others?


Do countries where people commonly wear face masks when sick have much fewer cases of flu or common colds than others?

Posted: 23 Oct 2018 08:19 PM PDT

How much energy is contained within a strike of lightning?

Posted: 23 Oct 2018 11:14 PM PDT

If there is little to no friction or gravity in outer space to slow an object down, how come a space shuttle has a maximum speed? (Apparently around 28,000 kilometers per hour). Why can’t a spaceship continue to build momentum to reach up to light-speed?

Posted: 23 Oct 2018 09:43 PM PDT

During the immune response immediately following a flu shot, are our bodies more susceptible to other bacterial or viral infections, such as the common cold?

Posted: 23 Oct 2018 08:08 PM PDT

Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 24 Oct 2018 08:12 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

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How do inter-species animals know when they are playing?

Posted: 24 Oct 2018 07:49 AM PDT

I've seen a lot of aww videos and YouTube links of inter-species friends. Even some weird ones like the lioness that adopted a... gazelle?whatever it's prey is.
Anyways, I know or I've heard that dogs "sneeze" at each other when they are rough playing, as an indication to the other dog like "hey I'm JK".
But I'm wondering, how can they communicate when they aren't 2 dogs. Say a cat and a raven or a dog and a cheetah.

submitted by /u/Nghtmare-Moon
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With current and relatively futuristic technology, would it be possible to create a type of exercise equipment or something similar in your home to supply your house with all the energy it would need for the day or next couple days?

Posted: 23 Oct 2018 07:31 PM PDT

Would a near light speed electron that collided with a potential barrier have a higher chance of quantum tunneling due to the barrier being thinner in the electrons frame?

Posted: 23 Oct 2018 11:50 AM PDT

Im only 3 weeks into my special relativity module so I am still very confused on alot of the concepts. I asked my lecturer about this and he answered to the best of his knowledge. He also told me if I wanted to know more i should have a look at quantum field theory. I also understand that special relativity and quantum dont like to get along with each other.

submitted by /u/JakiroFunk
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Why is it that path difference due to reflection when light travels from a medium with low index of refraction (n) to a medium with a higher index of refraction is always exactly 180 degrees regardless of how much higher the 2nd n value is?

Posted: 23 Oct 2018 11:28 PM PDT

for example if light travels from air n=1.06 to water n=1.33 that phase difference due to reflection will be 180 degrees because the light got slower. if it goes from air to oil n=1.50 the phase difference is still 180 degrees even though it's going even slower than it was in the water.

Also why does it only change if it goes from low n to higher n? why not also from higher n to lower n?

submitted by /u/CptSnowcone
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Why in some systems mechanical energy is constant and in others momentum is conserved?

Posted: 24 Oct 2018 01:19 AM PDT

Why was the Black Sea historically a freshwater body?

Posted: 23 Oct 2018 01:53 PM PDT

This is a question that came up in an r/history thread (here), where the explanation for the ship's preservation given is that the Black Sea is essentially a freshwater body with a saltwater cap. I know that similar meromictic compositions occur in other water bodies with poor internal circulation (e.g. Lake Tanganyika), but this raises an interesting question:

Endorheic lakes should become saline over time -- as the only possible outlets for such lakes are evaporation and occasionally groundwater, they are always evaporation basins and concentrate salts and other impurities from the river systems feeding them within themselves.

Prior to the Mediterranean Sea breaching the Bosporus, the Black Sea was likewise endorheic: it had no natural outflow. Yet the primordial sea was apparently a freshwater body, as the water remains down there, trapped under the saltwater cap.

So what gives? What's the explanation for why the Holocene Black Sea was a freshwater endorheic lake?

P.S. Thanks for u/frank_mania suggesting I post this question here!

submitted by /u/hammersklavier
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Why are transition element complexes coloured?

Posted: 24 Oct 2018 12:05 AM PDT

From what I understand, the electrons in a lower energy state absorb certain wavelength of light falling in the visible region, and the complementary wavelength is what we see as the colour of the complex. The electrons transition to a higher energy state after absorbing said wavelength. But when the electrons jump back to the original energy state, do they not emit the same wavelength they absorbed initially? Why do we then see only the complementary wavelength and not the whole spectrum?

submitted by /u/Vesuvion
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How does the Nitrate cycle work in freshwater ponds?

Posted: 23 Oct 2018 06:00 PM PDT

I am doing an internship soon and I still don't fully understand how it works.

I was not sure if this question would belong in Earth science or Chemistry.

I also know that plants and certain animals play a role in it too ,but I don't know why they do.

submitted by /u/Emy_Lee09
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Does working out help protect bone structure's?

Posted: 23 Oct 2018 10:23 AM PDT

I have always wondered if for example working out and training your back muscle's, help to protect your spine against damage by for example lifting heavy object's with bad posture.

if so is this universal for all bone structures (knee's and neck come to mind) or just the spine?

submitted by /u/Ahqoviing
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[Biochemistry] How do small nonpolar molecules just 'dissolve' through the phospholipid bilayer like that?

Posted: 23 Oct 2018 09:04 PM PDT

So, phospholipid bilayers have a hydrophobic "tail" and a hydrophillic "head" which conveniently creates the phospholipid bilayer. That part and the fluidity associated with this makes perfect sense.

However, am I wrong to assume that the cytoplasm and the extracellular 'fluid' of a cell composes of mostly water? Because this raises a few questions.

First, I understand that nonpolar molecules can 'dissolve' inbetween the tails of the phospholipid bilayers. That makes sense. However, nonpolar molecules are not water-soluable because water is a polar molecule. How is it, then, that they can merely 'diffuse' through the heads and into the water-containing cytoplasm? How do they even float around in the extracellular 'fluid' in the first place? Wouldn't small nonpolar molecules, like Carbon Dioxide, be repelled from the cytoplasm and would 'stay' dissolved between the hydrophobic interior of the phospholipid bilayer? Wouldn't they be repelled from entering the extracellular fluid in the first place?

submitted by /u/sbundlab
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Are personality traits genetic?

Posted: 23 Oct 2018 08:22 PM PDT

This might be a really stupid question but do we get at least some parts of our character/personality from our parents?

submitted by /u/Aurora_Rose77
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How can we determine the age of the universe if time is relative?

Posted: 23 Oct 2018 03:52 PM PDT

This has been bugging me. If time is relative to the observer, how can we know how old the universe is? Or any sort of celestial body for that matter? Is our gravity/velocity low enough that we experience time close to its "true" speed? Is there any place in the known universe that we experience time significantly slower than?

submitted by /u/JamesRRustled
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How do the electrodes of an EEG pick up electrical signals?

Posted: 23 Oct 2018 10:52 AM PDT

I get that it reads and amplifies electrical signals from the brain, and sorry if this question applies more to physics, but how do the electrodes pick up the signals in first place? Does the thick layer of bone between the electrodes and the brain not interfere with the signals?

submitted by /u/Protein-Shake
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What is the spectral resolution of a typical rainbow?

Posted: 23 Oct 2018 02:14 PM PDT

A spectrum's resolution is given by the quantity R = λ / Δλ, where λ is the wavelength (i.e., color) of light, and Δλ is the smallest difference in wavelengths that can be distinguished at λ. It's essentially a measure of how much light is spread into its component colors by something like a prism, or diffraction grating. As an astronomy grad student, I work with an astronomical spectrograph with R = ~150,000.

I'm curious: what is the spectral resolution of a typical natural rainbow?

submitted by /u/crazunggoy47
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Diseases can have different effects based on hormones. How would such diseases affect transgender people undergoing hormone replacement therapy?

Posted: 23 Oct 2018 12:16 PM PDT

As an extra question, if someone starts transitioning at a younger age, how would that effect which diseases they get compared to transitioning at an older age?

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Why pictures of Earth are perfect spheres?

Posted: 23 Oct 2018 08:22 AM PDT

Why do we insist on drawing and picturing the Earth as a perfect sphere but in reality it's an elliptical sphere?

submitted by /u/andeffect
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